Indefinido notes
Hablar - to speak
é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron
Hablé - i spoke
Hablaste - you spoke
Habló - he/ she/ you (formal)spoke
Hablamos - we spoke
Hablasteis - you all spoke
Hablaron - they/ you all (formal) spoke
trabajar
Trabajé - i worked
Trabajaste- you worked
Trabajó- he worked
Trabajamos- we worked
Trabajasteis- you all worked
Trabajaron - they worked
Desayunar - to have breakfast
Desayuné
Desayunaste
Desayunó
Desayunamos
Desayunasteis
Desayunaron
Pintar - to paint
é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron
Pinté
Pintaste
Pintó
Pintamos
Pintasteis
Pintaron
Nadar - to swim
Nadé
Nadaste
Nadó
Nadamos
Nadasteis
Nadaron
Comer - to speak
Er and ir ending verbs
í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
Comí - i ate
Comiste - you ate
Comió - he/ she/ you (formal) ate
Comimos - we ate
Comisteis - you all ate
Comieron - they/ you all (formal) ate
Beber - to drink
Bebí
Bebiste
Bebió
Bebimos
Bebisteis
Bebieron
Aprender - to learn
Aprendí
Aprendiste
Aprendió
Aprendimos
Aprendisteis
Aprendieron
Correr - to run
í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
Corrí - I ran
Corriste
Corrió
Corrimos
Corristeis
corrieron
Escribir- to write
Escribí - i wrote
Escribiste
Escribió
Escribimos
Escribisteis
Escribieron
Vivir
Viví
Viviste
Vivió
Vivimos
Vivisteis
Vivieron
Recibir - to receive
í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
Recibí
Recibiste
Recibió
Recibimos
Recibisteis
Recibieron
Irregular yo forms
There are some ar ending verbs which are absolutely regular in all subjects (aste, ó,
amos, asteis and aron) except for their yo forms. The irregularity is there just to retain
the sound.
a. Verbs ending with gar
Let’s conjugate the verb llegar
If you remember when we did the alphabet we learnt that g followed by ga,go, gu gives
us the <g sound> whereas when it is followed by i and e i.e. gi and ge it has a <kh
sound>. To retain that sound of <g> we change gé to gué. The sound of the stem verb
should remain the same.
Step 1 !" #$!%&'()$!*&$!g>gu in the yo form
Step 2 !" #$!'+$!,$-*!./*&!,,$)0
Step 3!!" We add the ar ending of yo form which is é
Step 4!!" Combine step 2&3 we have llegué
b. Verbs ending with car
Let’s conjugate the verb buscar
If you remember when we did the alphabet we learnt that c followed by ca,co, cu gives us
the <k sound> whereas when it is followed by i and e i.e. ci and ce it has a <s sound>. To
retain the k sound we swap the cé with a qué. The sound of the stem verb should remain
the same.
Step 1 !" #$!%&'()$!*&$!c>qu in the yo form
Step 2 !" #$!'+$!,$-*!./*&!10230
Step 3!!" We add the ar ending of yo form which is é
Step 4!!" Combine step 2&3 we have busqué
c. Verbs ending with zar
Let’s conjugate the verb empezar
We swap the z with c so that the sound of the stem verb remains the same. So the yo
form is written as cé not zé
Step 1 !" #$!%&'()$!*&$!z>c in the yo form
Step 2 !" #$!'+$!,$-*!./*&!$45$%
Step 3!!" We add the ar ending of yo form which is é
Step 4!!" Combine step 2&3 we have empecé
Llegar - to Buscar - to search Empezar -
reach for to start
Verb Meaning Verb conjugation Meaning Verb Meaning
conjugation conjugation
Yo llegué I reached Yo busqué I searched for Yo empecé I started
Tú llegaste You Tú buscaste You searched Tú You
reached for empezaste started
Él/ ella/ usted He/she/ Él/ ella/ usted buscó He/she/ you Él/ ella/ He/she/
llegó you (formal) usted you
(formal) searched for empezó (formal)
reached started
Nosotros We Nosotros buscamos We searched Nosotros We started
llegamos reached for empezamo
s
Vosotros You all Vosotros buscasteis You all Vosotros You all
llegasteis reached searched for empezastei started
s
Ellos/ellas/ They/ you Ellos/ellas/ustedes They/ you all Ellos/ellas/ They/ you
ustedes all (formal) buscaron (formal) ustedes all (formal)
llegaron reached searched for empezaron started
Category a
1. Jugar - to play (a sport) (Jugué, Jugaste, Jugó, Jugamos, Jugasteis, Jugaron
2. Apagar - To switch off (apagué, apagaste, apago, apagamos, apagasteis,
apagaron)
3. Conjugar - to conjugate (conjugué, conjugaste, conjugo, conjugamos,
conjugasteis, conjugaron)
4. Pagar - to pay - pagué
5. Navegar - to surf - Navegué
Category b
1. Sacar - to get/ to achieve/ to take out (saqué, sacaste, sacó, sacamos, sacasteis,
sacaron)
2. Tocar - to play (an instrument) (toqué, tocaste, tocó, tocamos, tocasteis, tocaron)
3. Educar - to educate- Eduqué, educaste, educó, educamos, educasteis, educaron
4. Atacar - to attack - Ataqué
Category c
5. Abrazar - to hug (Abracé, abrazaste, abrazó, abrazamos, abrazasteis, abrazaron)
6. Organizar - to organize (Organicé)
7. Almorzar - to have lunch (almorcé, almorzaste….almorzaron)
8. Comenzar - to commence/ to start - Comencé
Las frases (sentences)
1. Yo toqué el piano ayer en la fiesta de cumpleaños de mi hermana
I played the piano yesterday in the birthday party of my sister
2. Yo saqué buenas notas en el examen
I got good marks in the exam
3. Yo empecé a conducir el 5 de agosto del año pasado
I started to drive on the 5th of august last year
Los verbos irregulares
Andar
Anduve
Anduviste
Anduvo
Anduvimos
Anduvisteis
Anduvieron
Venir
Vine
Viniste
Vino
Vinimos
Vinisteis
Vinieron
Saber
Supe
Supiste
Supo
Supimos
Supisteis
Supieron
Hacer
Hice
Hiciste
HiZo (to retain the sound the c becomes z in él/ella/usted form)
Hicimos
Hicisteis
Hicieron
Decir
Dije
Dijiste
Dijo
Dijimos
Dijisteis
Dijeron (the i gets dropped)
Conducir
Conduje
Condujiste
Condujo
Condujimos
Condujisteis
Condujeron
1. Verbs like pedir (él/ella/usted form e>i; ellos/ellas/ ustedes e>i)
Why don’t you try conjugating the following verbs using the same pattern
1. Repetir- to repeat (second e will change to i)
2. Servir - to serve
3. Preferir - to prefer (second e will change to i) (preferí, preferiste, prefirió,
preferimos, preferisteis, prefirieron)
4. Mentir - to lie (mentí, mentiste, mintió, mentimos, mentisteis, mintieron
5. Conseguir - to get/ to achieve
SERVIR
Serví
Serviste
SIrvió
Servimos
Servisteis
SIrvieron
REPETIR
Repetí
Repetiste
Repitió
Repetimos
Repetisteis
Repitieron
2. Verbs like DORMIR (él/ella/usted form o>u; ellos/ellas/ ustedes o>u)
Morir - to die
Morí
Moriste
Murió
Morimos
Moristeis
Murieron
3. Verbs like leer (él/ella/usted form i>y; ellos/ellas/ ustedes i>y)
Why don’t you try conjugating the following verbs using the same pattern
1. Caer - to fall
2. Oír - to hear
3. Creer - to think/ to believe
4. Leer - to read
End with uir
5. Construir - to construct
6. Incluir - to include
7. Concluir - to conclude
8. Contribuir - to contribute
9. Huir - to escape/ flee
10. Sustituir - to substitute
Caer
Caí
Caiste
Cayó
Caimos
Caisteis
Cayeron
Concluir
Concluí
Concluiste
Concluyó
Concluimos
Concluisteis
Concluyeron
Dar- to give is an ar ending verb but it follows the pattern of er/ir verbs (no accents)
Di
Diste
Dio
Dimos
Disteis
Dieron
Ver (to see) (only irregular cz there are no accents)
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Visteis
Vieron
Reflexive verbs
Levantarse - to get up
Me levanté - I got up
Te Levantaste
Se Levantó
Nos Levantamos
Os Levantasteis
Se Levantaron
Cepillar se los dientes - to brush one’s teeth
Me cepillé
Te Cepillaste
Se cepilló
Nos Cepillamos
Os Cepillasteis
Se Cepillaron
Vestirse - to dress up
Me vestí
Te Vestiste
Se vistió
Nos Vestimos
Os Vestisteis
Se Vistieron
Los marcadores temporales - indefinido/pretérito
These are used to talk about when exactly was the activity done
● Un día - one day
● Una vez/ dos veces/ tres veces - once, twice, thrice (specific number of times)
● El año pasado/ el mes pasado/ la semana pasada/ el fin de semana pasado - Last year/ last
month/ last week/ last weekend
● Hace un mes/ año- A month/ year ago
● El lunes/ el lunes pasado - monday/ last monday (it could be any specific day of the
week)
● El diez de junio - The tenth of june (it could be any specific date)
● En 2010 - In 2010 (or any specific year)
● A las cinco - At five (it could be any specific time)
● Ayer - yesterday
● Anteayer - day before yesterday
● Anoche - yesterday night
These time markers or “marcadores temporales” were used with regular verbs as you noticed.
I will be using them with irregular verbs too. This will help you get a better understanding of
how to use them with sentence construction across various categories of verbs.