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Tipos y operaciones con intervalos

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0% encontró este documento útil (0 votos)
24 vistas3 páginas

Tipos y operaciones con intervalos

Cargado por

roxana
Derechos de autor
© All Rights Reserved
Nos tomamos en serio los derechos de los contenidos. Si sospechas que se trata de tu contenido, reclámalo aquí.
Formatos disponibles
Descarga como DOCX, PDF, TXT o lee en línea desde Scribd

Intervalos en

El conjunto de números reales es completamente ordenado y denso. Dada la recta real, se llama
intervalo al conjunto de números reales comprendidos entre otros dos dados previamente: “a” y “b”
que se denominan extremos del intervalo.

El conjunto de números reales es completamente ordenado y denso. Dada la recta real, se llama intervalo
al conjunto de números reales comprendidos entre otros dos dados previamente: “a” y “b” que se
denominan extremos del intervalo.

Notación: Los intervalos se representan utilizando la definición de conjunto.

se lee, el intervalo “a, b” está formado por todos los elementos x que pertenecen a , tal que a < x < b.

Gráfica de un intervalo: Se grafican utilizando la recta numérica.

a b

-2 -1 0 1 2

Se lee, el intervalo “a, b” está formado por todos los números reales desde -1 hasta 2.

CLASES DE INTERVALOS NOTACIÓN GRÁFICA

Intervalo Abierto: Es aquel en el que los a b


extremos no forman parte del mismo, es decir,
todos los puntos de la recta comprendidos
entre los extremos forman parte del intervalo,
salvo los propios extremos.

Intervalo Cerrado: Es aquel en el que los


a b
extremos si forman parte del mismo, es decir,
todos los puntos de la recta comprendidos
entre los extremos, incluidos éstos, forman
parte del intervalo.

Intervalo Semiabierto por la derecha o a b


semicerrado por la izquierda: El extremo
superior no forma parte del intervalo, pero el
inferior si.

Semiabierto por la izquierda o semicerrado por a b


la derecha: El extremo inferior no forma parte
del intervalo, pero el superior si.

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Operaciones con intervalos en

Observa las operaciones que se pueden realizar dados los dos intervalos siguientes:

Notación:

Representación gráfica

a b

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

a b

Siguiendo el ejemplo anterior, hallar ¿

¿ =
= [-2; 6] ¿ [1; 8] = [-2; 8]
Representación gráfica
a b

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Hallar

= [-2; 6] ¿ [1; 8] = [1; 6]

Representación gráfica

a b

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Desafío: Siendo,

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Hallar -
Notación:
- =
=[-2; 6] - [1; 8] = [-2; 1[

Representación gráfica

a b

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

Practicamos

1. Tres pacientes llegaron con fiebre a un hospital. David 38,8 °C, Robert 38,30° y Francis 38, 47°. Ordena
de menor a mayor los pacientes según la fiebre que tenían.

a) Robert, Francis, David.


b) Robert, David, Francis.
c) David, Francis, Robert.
d) David, Robert, Francis.

2. En una empresa se aplicó una encuesta para determinar el nivel de liderazgo en los trabajadores,
obteniéndose los siguientes puntajes: 4,45 – 6, 5 – 14, 8 – 17,1 – 9,87 – 19,99 - 10,0 – 15,1 – 18,5 –
10,01 – 16,0. Ubica los puntajes en el nivel respectivo y luego señala ¿cuál es el nivel predominante de
liderazgo en dicha empresa?
Niveles de liderazgo Puntajes
Bajo [4 – 10[
Medio [10 – 15[
Alto [15 - 20]
a) Bajo
b) Medio
c) Alto
d) Ninguno

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Common questions

Con tecnología de IA

An open interval is defined by its endpoints not being included in the set. It contains all the points on the real number line between its endpoints, except for the endpoints themselves. For example, in the interval (a, b), all x such that a < x < b belong to the interval, but a and b do not .

Categorizing leadership levels using specific score intervals allows for systematic and consistent evaluation criteria that can capture the range of possible leadership capabilities within a workforce. This method ensures that differences in individual performances can be highlighted and assessed relative to established benchmarks like 'Low', 'Medium', and 'High', ensuring that evaluations are comprehensive and facilitate targeted improvement strategies .

Interval notation specifies which real numbers are included in a set, crucially impacting set operations like unions and intersections. Proper notation ensures clarity in function domains and ranges, influencing how mathematicians and engineers apply these intervals in problem-solving. Correctly interpreting whether endpoints are inclusive or exclusive avoids misapplication in calculations, such as derivatives and integrals in calculus .

Intervals are graphically represented on the number line using line segments and endpoint markers. This visualization leverages the ordered nature of real numbers to display ranges clearly, aiding in the understanding of boundaries and relationships between numbers. Visual representation simplifies the analysis of numerical problems by providing intuitive insight into operations like intersections or unions, as users can directly observe overlaps or disjoint sets .

The denseness of the real number line means that between any two real numbers, there exists another real number. This property ensures that intervals, whether open or closed, contain infinitely many points and that the structure can be as fine as needed, allowing for precise definitions and operations with intervals such as unions and intersections to always have meaningful outcomes .

Understanding real number set operations enhances mathematical problem-solving by allowing the formulation and manipulation of intervals to model real-world situations accurately. Operations like union, intersection, and complement are foundational in optimizing solutions, as they support constructing precise models for various scenarios, adjusting intervals for any needed condition. This knowledge aids in efficiently solving equations, inequalities, and effectively modeling systems .

Constructing a semi-open interval is essential when modeling scenarios where one limit is inclusive while the other is not, often due to boundary conditions in calculus or definitions in data grouping. For instance, in temperature control systems, a semi-open interval might define allowable operating temperatures—where the system operates correctly, including 0 degrees but excluding over the upper limit, say 100 degrees. This avoids boundary errors and ensures operational integrity when temperatures reach the extremes .

Order and density on the real number line allow for precise calculations involving intervals, as any real number can serve as a boundary or point within an interval. This enables the formation and operation of intervals through methods like union and intersection, as intervals can be dynamically reshaped or redefined by shifting endpoints or merging structures based on arithmetic operations while still adhering to the ordered structure of real numbers .

Closed intervals include both of their endpoints, meaning if the interval is denoted as [a, b], all points x such that a ≤ x ≤ b are included in the interval. In contrast, semi-open intervals include only one of their endpoints. For instance, [a, b) includes a but not b, and (a, b] includes b but not a. This distinction impacts how these intervals are used in functions and integration limits .

Scoring intervals enable an organization to break down leadership capabilities into distinct levels, facilitating targeted developmental strategies. By knowing which employees fall into 'Low', 'Medium', or 'High' categories, organizations can allocate resources efficiently, offering basic leadership training to the 'Low' group, more intermediate programs to the 'Medium', and advanced opportunities to the 'High'. This stratified approach ensures resource optimization and focused capability building, potentially driving overall organizational performance improvement .

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