FIG. 4-4, COMPARISON OF 3,9|—— FORMULAS FOP. PRESSURE STRESS IN SPHERICAL SHELLS, A,CLASSICAL MEMBRANE: SPS OSLK-1) [Link] MGMB:[Link]-D +04 BLAMES P= 0.5(%2)/(K3-2) 20) i» uy 12 14 1.@ Le IS ZZ a4 K = UTSPE DIAMETER INSive DiAMeETERPabincacién e Inspeccion de Recipientes a Presion por ASME VIII, Division 1 UG-28 Espesores de Envolventes y Tubos bajo Presion Externa, 4) Las reglas para ef disefo de envolventes y tubos ajo presion externa son imitados a envolventes cilindricas, con o ‘sin anillos atiesadotes, tubos y envolventes esféricas. ‘lies formas tipicas de envolventes cilindricas se muestran en. (a figura UG-28 y fa cartas usadas en determinar ef espesor minimo requerido de estos componentes son proporcionados en la sub-parte 3 del ASME Seccién Il, Parte D. Gasos para el Caleulo, 1. Diagrama del problema 2. Enlistar todos los valores 3. Determine las cartas de presién extema que sean usadas do (as tablas de esfuerzo permitidos 4, Determine las relaciones Do/t y LfDo 5. Entre a la figura G y use las relaciones Do/t y LADo para determinar ef factor "A" de la figura G en la Subparte 3 de lu Seccibn I, parte D. 6. Cuando la relacién £/Do es mayor que 50, use 50 como valor 7. Cuando la relacién L/Do es menor que 0.05, use 0.05 como valor 8. ‘Usando ef factor “jl” entre a la carta de presién externa para el material y determine ef factor “Ws” (Subparte 3 def ASM#: 1 parte 1) considerando la temperatura de diseno 9, Usando ef factor “B" calcule “Pa” usando la formula Nomenclatura: ‘Factores “A” y “h” = Factores determinados por la Subparte 3 del ASME IL, parte M. Do = Diémetro exterior en pulgadas E = Module de elasticidad del material a la temperatura de diseiio, psi L = Longitud total en pulgadas, de un tubo entre espejos de tubos o la longitu de disefio de una seccién del recipiente entre las Aneas de soporte ver figura UG-28.1. P= Presidn de diseito externa, psi Ya = Valor calculado dé (a presion de trabajo externa maxima permitida en psi Ro = Radio exterior dela envolvente esférica en pulgadas 1 = Espesor minimo requeride de fa envolvente cifindrica 0 tubo 0 envolvente esférica en pulgadas. Ts = Espesor nominal de la envolvente cilindrica o tubo en pulgadas. ITE ASME oiseito, Fabricacién e Inspeccion de Rectpientes a Presion por ASME VILL. Division 1 La figura UG-28 muestra una representacién de las variables para ef diseno de recipientes cilindricos sujetos a presién. externa. os 16.28 OIAGRAMMATIC REPRESEN TASION OF VARIABLES FOR OESICN OF CYLINDRICAL VESSELS ‘SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL PRESSUREPART UG GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Fig, (G81 i an fea wm [Notes (1) and (21) [ote (311 4 t Ai T7/ L i. a bo on (e-2) 0 fe w [Notes (8) and (21) {Note (311 {Nowe 1301 the cuve-tw-ytnder or We Anucke-to-evliner julio is not a fine of sun fcorical-secton sal nat be ieee than the minimum reqleea fmirkrece of the a (21 Calculations shall be made vsing the slameter and corecponding thickness at each Thurasesees of the eanering setae ate tase it Male (2). she cen dr or the knukle-to-eyinr ct "nominal thickets of tne cone, hauls lini the moment of arta nal be UG-20.1 DIAGRAM |ATIC. REPRESENTATION OF LINES OF SUPPORT FOR DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL 02 VESSELS SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL PRESSUREa D on poe i 1332 yneqea] 8 aT pur aa uais | "92 -CO1-S "Ftd 19349] cif Eons — TSD'G, [for = "ast een m—Lraus Seer aA oll oe = a wep ser p7a aretnored] Aapuljfa uo aanssaad jewa}xa aiqemoye winuuixeyysue, Longe» + Outside Bia wo 0 190 a0 GENERAL NOTE: See Table G for tabular = oho ee NS m GAEDE AE NETS ie NS: a SRGninirs caueem a aclels0s Mae maa SIs oe Fie, 10-1 Geometric CHART FOR ALL MATERIALSa woLovs ono ono ccse 008 20's 2009 coo'e 00's coo 01 coo'et 000 > cova por at on ce UD 3LON) (isd 000'0€ ‘SNIGNTINI LON 1nd ‘OL 18d. 000'b2 HLONSULS OT3IIA WAWINIW G314d19adS) $1931 AOTTY MOT HO NOSYVI 30 DILINYISNOD NSH AUASSAYd TYNYILXS YIGNN SININOGWOD JO SSINMIIHL TISHS ONINIMYSLIG HOI LYVHI TSI 94 yuo1ows 10 400! 000 0000 seros ct secos ct Nl NOWOaS eecogy € 2 " ser9sy tz 408 BOR = 3 OU 8-3 o0t x Sez = 3 901 xOuz + 3 OL NOEL +3 “San|BA 18/NG3I 40} |-SD 91GB) 99S LON TWHINID ERIAL CHART FOR CARBON STFFI ll-1 Mari Fic,é ASME wiser, vabricacion e inspeccién de Recipiontes a Presion por ASME VIL UG-29 Anillos Atiesadores 4a) Los anillos atiesadotes externos deben ser unides a la envolvente por soliludira 0 soldadura fuerte. Los anillos atiesadores internos no necesitan ser unidos a la envolvente cuando los anillos son disetiados para soportar las cargas y un medio adecuado de soporte es praporcionado en su lugar para soportarto. En esta Division, el disefiador tiene (a opciin de cunsiderur solamente el anillo atiesador 0 una combinacién de un anillo y parte de la pared de fa envolvente cuando estén sujetos a presion exgoma. En cualquier caso, ef momento do inercia disponible del anilfo 0 de fa combinacién entre anillo y envolvente debe ser igual 0 mayor que ef momento requerrda de inercia de fa envatvente o ef anilla y envalvente, respectivamente, Excepto para los cierres en chaguetas, ef momento dle inercia disponible de un anillo circunferencial no debe ser menor que ef determinado por una de las siguientes formulas: 1, =[Do? Ls (t+ As/Ls) A]/14 Is =[Do2 Ls(t+ As/Ls) A]/10.9 Donde, Is ~ Momento de inercia requerido del drea del anillo atiesador en su eje neutral paralelo al ee de fa envovente def tanque, pulgdas'. 1s’ = ‘Momento de inercia requerido del drea combinada anillo-envolvente en su oje nentral paralelo af eje de [a envolvente, pulgadass I= Momento de inercia disponible del érea del anillo atiesador en su eje neutral paralelo af gje de la envolvente, pulgadas I = Momento de inercia disponible del érea combinada del anillo-envolvente en su je neutral paralelo at eje de (a envolvente, pulgadas'ASME coiseno, cabricacisne rspeccin de Recipiontes a Presién por ASME VIII, Division 1 Procedimtento. 1) Para un anillo atiesador (solo; a) Determine el factor “B’, 3/ PDo 4\T+ As/Ls/ Donde, As = Area del anillo atiesador, pulg? I's = Longitud de carga al anillo atiesador, pul’ Ty Do = Dimensiones de fa envolvente, pulgadas 6) Entre a la carta de presiOn externa upropiuda y determine ef fuctor * ¢) Determine ef momento requerido de inercia del anillo atiesador, Is, pulgt d) Determine ef momento actual de inercia del anillo solamente, 1, pul @) "I" debe ser igual 0 mayor que “Is” 2) Para la combinacién de anillo-envolvente, a) Determine ef factor “Cs”, como se menciono en el procedimiento (1), donde “As” es ef rea del anillo atiesador solamente, pul Nota: Cuando fa combinacién anillo-envotvente es usado, el momento de inercia ey dererminado usando una longitud de fa envobvente igual a , 0.55 DoT en cada lado de la linea de centros, 6) Usando ef factor “@", entre a la carta del material apropiado sujeto a presién externa de la Seccién II parte D y determine ef factor “A” ©) Determine ef momento de inercia de la seccién combinada de la combinacién anillo-envofvente actuando en conjunto, “I”, pulg’2001 SECTION VI — DIVISION | Gap inot to execed 8 times UG-29 161 3 Web of Sttener ga: SA Se fo A “ \) SEE T Member Length of any vs oxeced length of > ee Z aw LE ture wes Ss In Ring Unattfoned Cylinder FIC. UG-29.L VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS OF STIFFENING RINGS FOR CYLINDRICAL VESSELS SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL PRESSUREASME cviseio, xabricacion e inspeccién de kecipientes a Preién por ASM VILL, Division 1 Is= [Do Ls(T + As/Ls) (Factor “)] /109 d) Determine el momento de inercia de la combinacidn del anillo-envolvente actuando en conjunto, 1’, puly? eI’ debe ser igual o exeeder Is’ ‘Una de las dimensiones que puede variar en ol diseto de una envolvente cilindrica bajo presién externa es la longitud de pandéo, “L". ‘En una envolvente sin anillos atiesadotes, a longitud de pandeo es igual a la distancia entre las Gineas de tangente mis un tercio de lx profundidad de cada tapa. $i se usan anillos atiesadotes, la longilud de pandeo es igual a la distancia mds grande entre los anillos atiesadotes o (a distancia de un anilfo a fa finea de tangente mas un tercio de fa profundidad de la tapa.toa PART UC 800 600 200 200 a0 i Q oo 50 10 vor 002 004 008 O10 02 esi tang FIG. UG 29.2 ~ GENERAL REQUIREMENTS o4 08 10 Curse Diameter 104, MAXIMUM ARC OF SHELL LETT UNSUPPORTED DCCAUSE OF GAP IN STIFFENING RING OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE Intermittent welding or brazing on the other side is Permitted tor sketches (a), (b), fc), and (di of Fig. UG-30 when the thickness fu the onrstaneling stiffen ing element (sketches (4) and (e)) or width w of the stiffening element mating to the shell [sketches 1b) and (@)] is not more than | in. (25 mm). ‘The weld segments shall be not Jess than 2 in. (S1 mm) long and shall have a maximum clear spacing betwen ors of aljacen sell segments a 2 (e) Strength of Attachment Welds. Stiffening ring attachment welds shall be sized to resist the full sadial pressnie Inala she shell beoveen stiffeners, and shear loads acting radially across the stiffener caused by external desien loads cared by the stittener (it any) and a computed radial shear equal to 2% of the stiffening ring’s compressive Intl See Example L-5 Aqpenlix L (1 Me radial pressure loud from (Nim), is equal to PL (2) The radial shear load, Ib 1KNI. is equal to O01PLDo. (3) PL. and Dy are defined in 16.20," (P Minimum Sice of Amachoent Welds. ‘The fillet weld leg size shall be not less than the smallest of the following: het, thvan, CY in, 46 mm (2) vessel thickness at the weld locations (3) siffener thick ess at weld Toes the tems nay be For some the above LG 70BAG ne poe eae pees UG-30 Unin de Anillos Atiesadotes a la Los anillos atiesadotes pueden ser soldados al lado interior o exterior de la envolvente, Las uniones entre fa envolvente interior y la chagueta exterior de un recipiente enchaquetado puede también servir como un anillo atiesador. Varios arreglos de fos anillos atiesadotes y uniones soldadas son conocidas y se pueden ver en a figura UG-30. nvolvente. 1) La resistencia de uniones soldadas — Uniones de soliladura con tamu suficiente para resistir la carga de presién radial, “P Ls”, y para soportar [a carga cortante radial que equivale al 2% de la carga a compresion del anillo, Carga a Presin Rudial = Pz Ls, lo/puly. Carga a Corte Radial = 0.01 Pr Ls Do, pulgadas 2) Tamaiio minimo de las soldaduras de unién - El tamano de la soldadura de Jilete minimo (dimensiin de la pierna) cuando se usa, debe ser ef menor de: a) % pulgada 6) Eapesor de la envobvente en la soldadura c)kspesor del anillo atiesador en fa soldadiera. 222Fie Zin Gt yma i Infine Intermirtent Weld Stitfener [eee] = 7 Shull @ @ FIG. UG-30 SOME ACCEPTABLE 200 SECTION Lt. Staggered Intermittent ‘Weld $2 8textornal atitfoners Se 12timernal sufeners Continuous full penetration weld 2 VIII — DIVISION 1 in. St mm | tina Continuous Fillet Weld One Sida, intermittent Other Side (0 METHODS OF ATTACHING STIFFENING RINGSé ASME iseno, eabricacin inpeccin de keipiontes a Brosion por ASME VILL Divisin 1 UG-32 Tapas y Secciones Formadas, presién en of lado céncavo, ‘Formulas usadas para calcular ef espesor minimo requerido después del formada y en términos del radio interior. Tapas elipsoidales con “t/L > 0.002", Las formulas para lupus elipsoidales apticun solamente si fa tapa es de relacién 2:1, en (a cual la mitad del eje menor (profundidad interior de la tapa menos ef faldon) es igual a un cuarto del didmetro interior de la tapa y debe ser deverminado por: PD 2SE-02P SEt D+0.2t Nota: Bara tapas eipsouales con “t/L OP, eC espesor def cono debent ser ef mismo que para una tapa plirma sin tirante descrito en UG-34 usumiendo un didmetro igual ul diémetro mayor del cono.é ASME isoio, cabricacin e nspecciin de Recipients a Presiin por ASME VILL, Division 1 UG-34 Cubiertas y ‘lapas. lanas sin tirantes. Las formulas para ef espesor requerido de una tapa plana sin virantes, cubierta y Grida ciega proporcionan solamente un esferazo considerando (a construccién segura. “Un mayor esfuerzo puede ser necesario si la deflexién causa fuga en fa rosea o en fa junta del empaque. 1. Para una tapa circular plana sin tirante, cubjerta o brida ciega use la siguiente formula: t=d CP/SE Excepto, cuanda es unide por pernas causando un momento en su extrema, en ef cual fa formula sent: t=d. CP/SE +19 Wh, /Sd? Esta iiltima formula puede ser aplicada para las condiciones de operacién y asiente del empaque. Use el valor mayor de ‘t” de las dos condiciones. 2. Si es cuadrado, rectangular, eliptico, oblongo, etc., use entonces [a siguiente formula t=d ZCP/SE 227« ASME oiseno, sabricaciéne inspecciin de Recipiontes a Prion por ASME VILL, Division 1 Donde: z=3.4-24 D Cuando es unido por pernos causando momento en su extremo se debe usar la siguiente formula t=d ZCPSE + 6 Wh, /SELa? Les el perimetro de la tapa no circular con pernos medida a lo largo de los centros de los agujeros de los pernos. Como en 1 arriba, la fSrmula anterior debe ser aplicada a fas condiciones de aperacién y asiento de empague y serd usado ef mayor espesor *t”.PART UG GENERAL REQUIREMENTS hain =2he . Fin, £0378 9, 10 mm} © forty 11 in. (98s) i Fin, 9-254 0 om T Th. teri in 8 man = Peat But neces not be grostor than % in, (19 mn) 017 loa af wrt, \ ‘ Se ‘Continuation (Urbebee oft optional Sketches (oh ce Sew Fig. UW-19.2 sheteles atu iy inclusive, for dtale of outside wwelced joint See Fig. UW 13.2 sketches (elo (ah Fig, UG-34 canter ot ap fg = 2fpmin. nor less than 1.2, But need nat be areater then t bayena wale Tl Psa8 dog max Proieetion 33m, Cyn, = 0.20 @ c=03 {Use Eq 2) or (i) th) i} FTA sens Je a Trend na © eso30 c=0.0 a io eens a ' EEO fa 0.8te min, a mmr TPC as f ¢ Lette] min. t) = tor te| — ‘When pipe threads PA ‘wiiichewer ae ee 7 wa oor ia FIG. UG-34 SOME ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF UNSTAYED FLAT HEA OS AND COVERS. or The Above tllustrations Are Diagrammatic Only. Other Designs That Meet the Requirements uf UG-34 Are Acceptable.Ee ASME oviseno, eabrcacion inspeciin de ecipientes a Presiin por ASML VII, Division 1 UG-36 Aberturus en Recipientes a Presién. Todas (as aberturas en fos recipiontes a presién deben cumplir con los requerimientos proporcionados en los parrafos UG-36 a 'UG-42 y el Apéndice 7 en caso dé ser requerido por los limites en tamatto. Las reglas aplicables para figamentos proporcionados en UG-53 pueden ser usados para miltiples aberturas en lugar de los parrafos ‘UG 36 a ‘UG-42, a menos que sean tamanos exentos o aplicaciones especiales. Cuando las siguientes limites en tamatis de las aberturas son excedidos, se deberdn sutilicar las reglas suplementarias proporcionadas en of fipéndice 7 y ser cumplidas, © Para recipientes con didmetro de 60 pulgadas 0 menores, la mitad del didmetro del recipiente sin exceder 20 pulgadas © Para recipiontes con diimetros mayores, un tercio del didmetro el recipiente sin exceder de 40 pulgadas UG-36(CX3), exenta aberturas en recipientes, no sujetas a fluctuaciones de presion répida de fos céulos de refuerzo silos siguientes fimitantes no son excedides: a) Pana conexgones solifadas o por soldiadunt fuerte (@razing) © din placa de 3/% pulgada de espesor o menor la maxima abertura debe ser de 3-1/2 pulgada de didmetro. © Gn placa com espesor de 3/k pulgada de espesor mayor, ef maximo didmetro de abertura debe ser 2-3/8 pulgacta. 8) Para roscas, conexiones expandidas o con fusillos © En todos los espesores de placa, la méxima abertura es de 2-3/8 pulyadda ce didmetro, 6) ‘Ninguna abertura de un juego de dos descritas en (a) 0 (6) anteriormente, dehen tener sus centros mas cercanos entre una y otra que fa suma de sus diimetros. En un grupo de tres o mas aberturas como se describe en (a) y (6) anterior, no deben de existir dos aberturas que tengan sus centros mas cercanos de: = (1 + 15Cos®)(D; + Dy) para cilindros y conos 0 © 2.5 (D; + Dz) pura envolventes doblemente curvadus 0 lupusASME ison, ta6icacin o inspccion de Recipiontes a tesion por ASME VIII, Division 1 Aberturas en Juntas Soldadas a tope. Las aberturas ocalizadas en juntas soldadas a tope o con algun refuerzo en juntas a tope debenin tener Ga eficiencia de junta usadi en ef célculo para ef érea disponible en la pared del recipiente y deben cumplir los requerimientos adicionales de UW-14, 'UG-37 Refuerzo requerido para aberturas en envolventes y tapas formadas Las reglas de reJuerzo cubren tanto presi6n externa como la interna, Las reglas se fandamentan en ef concepto de reemplazo de drea, Se recomienda que antes de realizar un calculo se comprenda la nomenclatura mostrada en ‘UG-37(a). Cuando se gjecute el calculo del refuerzo, es altamente recomendable que se tenga o se realice un esquema de la abertura, Se puede usar (a figura UG-37.1 como una guta, Las reglas son las misnias excepto que el espesor minimo requerido es determinado por las reglas de UG-28 para presin extema y UG-27 para presién interna solamente el 50% del crea rejuerida Pasos para of Céleulo, 1. Miagrama del problema 2. Enliste todas fos valores 3. Derive los valores no dados ¢ indique su fuente 4, Determine los limites de refuerzo parulelos y normales al recipiente o a la tapa formada 5. Siga el procedimiento mostrado en la siguiente pagina.PARI UG GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Fig, UG + pe —e | —— thout Reinforcing Haart af Bet fat Area inane n noase projecting outa 8 Satya atn ater veve ay = ‘rca avalabe sm intrd note use sale alee AS ~ 441 ~ cuter voce weld ~ tea)? 42 ‘Aree ave oorars wet RUPP ~ tay snore norma seis «tan? 2 WAy AA bags Aas Aan >A ‘operas oeouatey eineren toring semana man beaded Shdfrtiebnecoss must we netesses Way Agr Aa tes Tagg SA ren sable 2g, = 28h, tg real oa Ay Taame ey stow ADS ~ Aer ~eutme nese wel = ten?%9 Ale 42 IPF ~ Ana -inword moze wi ~ eu) Arte evil nina eld Ag Mg =~ gly tpg tote ON Area sinia nomen utr elemont wait = ni? g ‘Ave isla in outer mld WA, tag TARY hay tag Tag Taga ening adeaustlyreatoreed FIG UG-371 NOMENCLATURE AND FORMULAS FOR REINFORCED OPENINGS (This Figure Illustrates a Common Nozzle Configuration and Ts Nat Intended to Prohibit Other Configurations Permitted by the Code.) aé ASME iseno, xabricacion e inspec de keipiontes a Prsion por ASME VILL Division 1 UG-39 4 1z0 requerido para aberturas en tapas planas Estas reglas uplican pars todas lus uberturas exeplo en aquellas pequerias yue son exentas por el parrafo UG-36(cK3). ‘Una Abertura, ‘uanda fa abertura no exceda fa mitad del didmetro de (a tapa, (a formula "A 0.5dt” aplica, Cuando fa abertura excede la mitad del didmetro de la tapa, las reglas del Apéndice 14 aplicarén. El Apéndice 14 establece solamente aberturas circulares sencillas y localizadas en el centro. Si estas condiciones no son aplicables, entonces ef pérrafo UG-2q) es aplicable - Como una alternativa, las formulas en UG-34 para tapas planas pueden ser usadas con ajuste en los factores “C”. ‘multiples aberturas. - Cuando ningiin par de aberturas tenga un didmetro promedio mayor que del didmetro de la supa y el espacio entre cualquier pur de aberturas es igual © mayor a dos veces su didmetro promedio, entonces puede ser usado (a formula "A ~0.5 de". - Cuando ef espacio entre cualquier par de aferturas es menor que das veces su didmetro promedio, pero igual o mayor que 1.25 veces ef diémetro promedio del par, usando la formula anterior debe ser agregado junto Aistribuido tal que ef 50% de (a suma sea localizada entre las dos aberturas. - Cuando ef espacio es menor de 1.25 veces ef didmetro promedio, use ef parrafo U-2(q). - En ningtin caso deberé el ligamento entre pares de aberturas ser menor que 4% del diémetro de la abertura menor. — En ningiin caso debe ser ef figamento entre ef expremo de una abertura y ef extremo de fa tapa plana ser menor que ‘4 el didmetro de fa abertura.é ASME cvisono, rabricacién o tnspocciin do Recipiontes a Presion por ASME VILL, Division 1 UG-40 Limites de Refuerzo. ‘ste parrafo explica las fronteras de refuerzo paralelo y normal a las superfictes comy se muestra en li figura UG-37.1. Dobe notarse que ef material de los pernos no puede ser considerado que tenga cualquier valor como refuerzo, atin si se encuentra dentro de los limites del refuerca, UG-41 Resistencia del Refuerzo. ‘El material usado para el refucrco debe tener un esfuerco permitido igual 0 mayor que el maternal de la pared def recipiente, siempre y cuando ef material este disponible Cuando ef material con ef esfuerzo mas Bajo permitido es usado, ef érea de refuerzo es incrementado en proporcion inversa a fa relacién de fos valores de esfuerzo permitido de los dos materiales, [Link] manejado usando fos factores de reduccién de resistencia "fr" No se puede dar crédito para materiales que tengan un valor de esfuerzo mayor que el dela pared det recipiente. Los cilculas de resistencia son requerides para todas las aherturas que no son exentas por el pérrafo UW-15(B). UG-42 werzo de Aberturas Les. Cuando dos aberturas son espaciadas de forma que sus refuerzos se traslapan: - Las aberturas deben ser reforzadas en ef plano conectando los centros en acuerdo con UG-37, 38, 40) 41. - EF refuerzo combinado no debe ser menor que fa suma de las dreas requeridas para cada abertura, = Ninguna porcién del érea debe ser considerad mayor para alguna abertura. EL drea de traslape debe ser proporcionada entre la abertura por la relacién de sus didmetros, 232"ART UG — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Hig Coat W = total wold fond (UG-a1()2) = wole 1b 0 stangin path 1-7 [UG- 41/21) olla Aes Aas Alay gg = wold San fon song path 22 [41 spe Aye aay + Ang 2th Wo = weld foad fot Stangit path 3 1u6-¢1cmuan) Dye Age Aga Aa 1 Age» Bata (GENERAL NoTEs: (Gl Areas Ay. Ay, Ay, As, 2nd Ay 2f0 modifiod by 1, factors (G) Nomenclature i the same ao in UGAT and Fig. UCIT (a) Depiete Typical Nozsle Datel With Nesk Inserted Through the Vessa! Wal FIG. UG-41.1 NOZZLE ATTACHMENT WELD LOADS AND WELD STRENGTH PATHS TO AF CONSINFRENFie, CG ART UG — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, W = total wold toad UG 41.020) Lam Ay Big iEye~ Feds. eld loa for strength path 1-1 UGA) Wha Ay Aur Ardy weld load fot se git path 2-2 (UG-41coK Uys ys Aur tA = Battal Sy ‘weld load for strength path $3 1U9-4110301 Uap y+ Ag a+ Aye + Ag + Bat) Wea Ws (CENERAL NOTES: (a) Areas My py, Ag, and Ag) 219 modi by fy actors Ib) Nomencature ithe same as in UG? and Fig, UG37.1 (a) Depicts 1 ypiea! Nozzle Detail ith Neck Inger Through the Veeel Wal FIG, UG-41.1 NOZZLE ATTACHMENT WELD LOADS AND WELD STRENGTH PATHS TO BC CONSIDCRCDFig, UG AL 200] SECTION vill — DIVISION RY AB An = tojal weld load UG-4teoxant = a= 25, 1 weld load fo atrength path 1 11UG 411 2 aps Ass yy + AS, on Way 1 weld lob for etrongin path 2:2 [UG 41019) Uy + Anis GENERAL NOTES: fay Atwas Ay. Ap. Ag. and Ay are modified by fh factors e Nomonclature re the came a8 la UGeaT ane ig LCT | é ie é (6) Depicts Type! Nozela Detail With Nese AButtng the Vee! Wa FIG. UG-411 NOZZLE ATTACHMENT WELD LOADS AND WELD STRENGTH PATHS TO SE CONSIDERED (CONT'D) 56E ASME wiseno, tabricaciin e inspecciin de Recipientes a Presion por ASME VIL1, Division 1 - 51 la abertura tiene menos del 50% del drea requerida entre ellas, las reglas del Apéndice 1-7 también se aphicaran. = Una serie de varias aberturas en la misma linea de centros debe ser tratada como pares sucesivos. = Cuando mas que dos aberturas esten en ef mismo centro y ef re combinado es usado, fa distancia minima entre centros de cualquier par de estas uberturus debe ser 1-1/3 su didimetro promedio y el drea del refuerzo entre ellas debe ser al menos ef 50% del total requerido. ~ Si fa distancia entre centros es menor que 1-1/3 su didmetro promedio, no se debe dar crédito para ef refuerzo debe ser tomado para ef material entre fas aberturas. = Cualguier niimero de aberturas en cualguier arreglo puede ser tratado como una abertura grande con un diémetro que incluya ef patrén entero. = #C parrafo ‘UG-93 puede ser usado para dos 0 mas aberturas arregladas en un patron regufar ‘UG-47 a UG-50 Superficies con refuerzos y tirantes EL espesor minimo requerido y ef MAWP para placas planas con refuerzos y tirantes es proporcionado en este pérrafo. Las reglas sun similares a uquellas para tapas planas y cubiertas, Factores “C” se fundamentan en el método de union del refuerzo 0 tirante con fa placa y se proporcionan, Las reglas para caleular ef tamaiia y ef espacio de Ins pernos atirantadores son también proporcionadas. UG 53 Ligamentos ste parrafo descrife (os requertmientos para los igamentos cuando el espacio entre fiileras de agujeros de tubes son iguales 0 distintos, ¢ incluso cuando se encuentran en forma diagonal.uG-46 (g) When inspection or access openings are required, they shall comply at least with the following require- (1) Ao elliptical or obround manhole shall be not less than 12 in. x 16 in, (305 mm x 406 mm). A circular manhole shall be not less than 16 i. (406 mm) LD. (2) A handhote opening shall be not less than 2 in, 3 in, (51 mm x 76 mm), but should be as large as is consistent with the size of the vessel and the location of the opening. {hy All access and inspection openings in a shell or unstayed head shall be designed in accordance with the rules of this Division for openings. (i) When a threaded opening is to be used for inspection or cleaning purposes, the closing plug or cap shall be of a material sultable for the pressure and ‘no material shall be used at a temperature exceeding the maximum temperature allowed in this Division for that uiaterial. The thead shall be a standard taper pipe thread except that a straight thread of al least equal strength may be used if other sealing means to prevent leakage arc provided. ) Manholes of the type in which the internal pres- sure forces the cover plate against a flat gasket shall have a minimum gasket bearing width of "Yg in (8 mm), BRACED AND STAYED SURFACES G47 BRACRD AND STAYED SURFACES (a) The minimum thickness and maximum allowable working pressure for braved and stayed flat plates and those pars which, by these rules, require staying as flat plates with braces or staybolts of uniform diameter symmetrically spaced, shall be calculated by the follow- ing formulas : pe tse a F 1 vi ihe af plate. un) neal degn posure (ee UCL21 ps (KP) ‘S= maximum allowable stress value in tension (see UG-25), pot (KPa) PART UG — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS a uGa7 [Not les thon 2.1/2 time th ‘reminalaismatee of the bolt, taut must be 0.4 pitch of stays jaa) Wena? Nor las shan 1/2 (if ¢ = 2.8 or les“ ' and not les than if C= 3.2 Nox es than 1-1/2 ameter of bolt ot rmeetured on the thieaded portion (see us 83) ® FIG. UG-47 ACCEPTABLE PROPORTIONS FOR ENDS OF STAYS ‘P= maximum piteh, in, (mm). The maximum piteh is the greatest distance between any set of paral Jel straight lines passing through the centers of staybolls in adjacent rows, Fach of the three parallel sets running inthe horizontal, the ver- cal, and the inclined planes shall be considered. C= 21 for welded stays or stays screwed through plates not over ‘4g in. (11 mm) in thickness with ends siveted over (C= 22 for welded stays or stays screwed through plates over %q in. (11 mm) in thickness with ends riveted over C= 25 for stays screwed through plates and fitted With single nuts outside of plate, ur with inside ‘and outside nuts, omitting washers; and for stays screwed into plates as shown in Fig, UG-47 sketch (b) 2.8 for stays with heads not less than 1.3 times the diameter ofthe siays screwed through plates or made a taper fit and having the heals formeduGT ‘on the stays before installing them, and not riv= ted over, said heads being made to have a true bearing om the plate '= 3.2 for stays fited with inside and outside nuts and outside washers where the diameter of washers is not less than U.4p and thickness not less than ¢ (6) The minimum thickness of plates to which stays ‘may be applied, in other than eylindrical or spherical outer shell plates. shall be %g in. (8 mm) except for welded construction covered by UW-19. {cl If a stayed jacket extends completely around a cylindrical or spherical vessel, or completely covers formed head, i( shall meet the requitements given in (@) above, and shall also meet the applicable reyuire- ments for shells or heads in UG-27(c) and (4) and UG-32. In addition, where any nozzle or other opening penetcates the cylindrical or spherical vessel, or com pletely covered head, and the jacket, the vessel or formed head shall be designed in accordance with UG- 312). 4 (d) When two plates are connected by stays and but fone of these plates requires staying, the value of C shall be governed by the thickness of the plate requiting staying, (¢) Acceptable proportions for the ends of through stays with washers are indicated in Fig, UG-A7 sketch (@. See UG-83. (Q The maximum pitch shall be 8% in. (221 mm), except that for welded-in staybolts the pitch may be ‘greater provided it does not exceed 15 times the diameter ‘of the staybolt. (2) When the staybolting of shells is unsymmetrical bby reason of imerference with butt straps or other construction, it is permissible ‘to consider the load ‘caitied by each staybolt as the area calculated by taking the distance from the center of the spacing on one side of the holt to the center of the spacing on the other side, UG-48 STAYBOLTS. (a) The ens uf staybults oF stays screwed through, the plate shall extend beyond the plate not less than two threads when installed, after which they shall be riveted over of upset by an equivalent process without excessive scoring of the plates, or they shall be fited with threaded nuts through which the bolt or stay shall extend. (b) The ends of steet stays upset for threading shall be fully anncaled. 2001 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1 uG-s3 (c) Requirements for welded-in staybolts are given in UW-19, UG-49 LOCATION OF STAYROLTS (a) When the edge of a fiat stayed plate is flanged. the distance from the center of the outermost stays to the inside of the supporting flange shall not be greater than the pitch of the stays plus the inside radius of the flange. UG-S0 DIMENSIONS OF STAYBOLTS (a) The required area of a staybolt at its minimum ‘cross section” and exclusive of any allowance for cowrosion shall he obtained by dividing the Joad on the staybolt computed in accordance with (b) below by the allowable stress value for the material used, a3 given in Subsection C, and multiplying the result by 1.10, (b) Load Carried by Stays. The area supponed by 4 stay shall be computed on the basis of the full pitch dimensions, with a deduction for the area occupied by the stay. The load carried hy a stay is the product of we aes supported by the sty and the maximum allowable working pressure, (c) Stays made of parts joined by welding shall be checked for strength using a joint efficiency of 60% for the weld. LIGAMENTS UG-53 LIGAMENTS (a) The symbols used in the formules and chants of this paragraph are defined as follows: ‘p= longitudinal pitch of tube holes, in, (mm) = nit length of ligament. in. (mm) 1p’ = diagonal pitch of tube holes, in. (mm) angle of diagonal with longitudinal line, deg. Iongitudinal dimension of diagonal pitch, in. (am) =p cos 8 iameter of tube holes. in. (mm) mer af tube holes in Fength py (6) When a cylindrical shell is drilled for tubes in 4 Line pamlle! to the axis of the shell for substantially s= The minimum cross section is usually at the root of the tread. a& UG-s3 the full length of the shell as shown in Figs. UG- 93.1 through UG-53.3, the efficiency of the ligaments between the tube holes shall be determined as follows. (1) When the pitch of the tube holes on every row is equal (see Fig, UG-33.1) the formula is a = efficieney of ligament (2) When the pitch of tube holes on any one row is unequal (as in Figs. UG-532 and UG-53.3), the formula is pond 284 = eticieny of igamen Pi Mita eld (6) When de adjacent longitudinal sows ave de ‘as described in (b) above, diagonal and circumferer i, Big Mg $O050000 Longitudinal ting. ———» 5Ma 4 GENERAL NOTE:81/gin, = 133 mm FIG. UG-53.1 EXAMPLE OF TUBE SPACING WITH PITCH OF HOLES EQUAL IN EVERY ROW Longitudinal ti GENERAL NOTE: 5t/gin. = 129mm 68igin. = 71 mm FIG. UG-53.2 EXAMPLE OF TUBE SPACING WITH PITCH OF HOLES UNEQUAL IN EVERY SECOND ROW PART UG — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3 UG. ligaments shall also he examined. The least equivalent longitudinal efficiency shall be used to determine the ‘minimum required thickness and the maximum allow- able working pressure. (d) When a cylindrical shell is drilled for holes so as w form diagonal ligaments, as shown in Fig, UG-53.4 the efficiency of these ligaments shall be determined by Figs. UG-53.5 and UG-53.6. Figure UG-53.5 is used tw determine the efficiency of longitudinal and diagonal ligaments with limiting boundaries where the condition of equal eticiency ot diagonal and longitudinal liga- iments form one boundary and the condition of eqal efficiency of diagonal and circumferential ligaments form the other boundary. Figure UG-53.6 is used for determining the equivalent longitudinal efficiency of diagonal ligaments. This efficiency is used in the formu- Jas for setting the minimum required thickness and the maximum allowable working pressure. (c) Figure UG-S3.5 is used when either or both longitudinal and circumferential ligaments exist with diagonal ligaments. To use Fig. UG-53.5, compute the value of p'/p: and also the efficiency of the longitudinal ligament. Next find in the diagram, the vertical line corresponding to the lougitudinal efficiency of the Figa ‘ment and follow this line vertically to the point where it intersects the diagonal line representing the ratio of Pi/py. Then project this point horizontally to the lef ‘and read the diagonal efficiency of the ligament on the seale at the edge of the diagram, The minimum shell thickness and the maximum allowable working, pressure shall be based on the ligament that has the lower etficiency. (P Figure UG-S3.6 is used for holes which are not in line, placed tongitudinally along a cylindrical shel. The diagiam may be used for pairs oF holes for all planes berween the longitudinal plane and the circumfer- ential plane. ‘To use Fig. UG-53.6, determine the angle © between the longitudinal shell axis and the line between the centers of the openings, @, and compute the value of p’/d. Find in the diagram, the vertical Tine corresponding to the value of 0 and follow this line verically to the line representing the value of p’/d. Then project this point horizontally to the left, and read the equivalent longitudinal efficiency of the diagonal Tigament ciency is used to determine the minimum required thickness and the maximum allowable working pressure. (g) When tube holes in a cylindrical shell are arranged in symmetrical groups which extend a distance greater than the inside diameter of the shell along lines parallel to the axis and the same spacing is used for exch This equivalent longitutival efficuG-s3 Siig _ 6% 5a 5M 2001 SECTION VII — DIVISION 1 uG.s4 Big Oy 5g 5M = 29%gin. (743 mm) Longitudinal GENERAL NOTE: 81/g in. = 138 mm 6% in, = 171 mm FIG. UG-53.3 EXAMPLE OF TUBE SPACING WITH PITCH OF HOLES VARYING IN EVERY SECOND AND THIRD ROW 53a 62 (146 mm) ‘ (163 mm) Longitudinal fine, ——> FIG. UG-53.4 EXAMPLE OF TUBE SPACING WITH TUBE HOLES ON DIAGONAL LINES group, the efficiency for one of the groups shall be not less than the efficiency on which the maximum allowable working pressure is based. (h) The average ligament efficiency in a cylindrical shell, in which the tube: holes are arvanged along lines, parallel to the axis with either uniform or nonuniform spacing, shall be computed by the following rules and shall satisty the requirements of both." The mle i he paragraph anny mo gsmens erween tbe holes snd ot to sgle openings. Tey may give ower efiecies in Some cases than hse for synueial groups which extend a distance {Bester than the Snide diaeter of he sell 4 covered Ine) aber ‘When this occurs, the efficiencies computed by the rules under (0) (1) For a length equal to the inside diameter of the shell for the position which gives the minimum efficiency, the efficiency shall be not fess than that on which the maximum allowable working pressure is hhased. When the inside diameter of the shell exceeds 60 in. (1520 mm), the length shall be taken as 60 in. (1520 mm) in applying this rule, 2) For a length equal o the inside radius of the shell for the position which gives the minimum eff ciency, the efficiency shall be not less than 80% of that on which the maximum allowable working pressure is based. When the inside radius of the shell exceeds 30 in,, the length shall be taken as 30 in, (762 mm) in applying this rule. (i) When ligaments occur in cylindrical shells made from welded pipe or tubes, and their calculated effi- ciency is less than 85% (longitudinal) oF 50% (circum- ferential), the efficiency to be used in the formulas of UG-27 is the calculated ligament efficiency. In this case, the appropriate stress value in tension (see UG- 23) may be muliplied by the factor 1.18. (@) Examples illustrating the application of the rules in this paragraph are given in Appendix L. UG-54 SUPPORTS (a) All vessels shall be so supported and the support- ing members shall be arranged and/or attached to the vessel wall in such a way as to provide faethe a imposed loadings (see UG-22 and UG-82). (b) Appendix G contans suggested rules for the design of supports. —s ce ar wiy see ae SIRI