GUÍA PEDAGÓGICA
Teacher: MSc. Hellennys Rangel
English
VETERINARY MEDICINE
Guía Pedagógica de Inglés MÓDULO 4
Subproyecto: Inglés Técnico 1.
Contenido: Prefijos. Sufijos. Cognados y Falsos cognados.
Tema: Cancer in the Pets.
- Referentes Teóricos: Traducir diversos tipos de textos de forma comprensiva y utilizando diferentes bibliografías.
Actividad a Realizar: Identificación en inglés dentro del texto.
Indicadores a Evaluar: Estrategia de Evaluación
-Cumple con las indicaciones dadas. (0,5pts)
-Es organizado y creativo. (0,5 pts)
- Traducción de textos. (1pto)
- Extracción de prefijos, sufijos, cognatos y falsos cognatos (7ptos).
-Manejo teórico. (1pts)
Fecha de Entrega: HASTA EL 17 DE MARZO DEL 2023.
Ponderación e Instrumento de Evaluación:
Taller Estructurado 10pts
Otros: Solo la actividad deberán enviarlo al ylahalyrh@[Link]/ o aula virtual Classroom.
Observación: Debe leer minuciosamente las indicaciones de la clase y de la actividad a
entregar.
Los plagios y copias se evaluaran con 01pto meno, no prestar trabajos con el fin de evitar
esto.
Hacerlo individualmente o en pareja. NO MAS.
IDENTIFIQUESE EN LA ACTIVIDAD ENVIADA CON NOMBRE, APELLIDO, CEDULA,
SECCIÓN.
A continuación se le facilitará información relevante que podría ayudarlos a
realizar la actividad evaluadora, cabe destacar que no hay problemas si el
estudiante desea hacer su propia investigación sobre el contenido, siempre y
cuando se acople a las necesidades del mismo.
2ND MODULE
1ST CLASS
PREFIXES (PREFIJOS): es una partícula que se ANTEPONE a una palabra para
formar una nueva. Dando como resultado una palabra diferente. La palabra base se
separa fácilmente del prefijo.
Example:
PREFIXE BASE WORD NEW WORD MEANING
IM POSSIBLE IMPOSSIBLE IMPOSIBLE
IN COMPLETE INCOMPLETE INCOMPLETO
INTER NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNACIONAL
UN PLUG UNPLUG DESCONECTAR
* ante- delante, anteponer antesala
* bi/bis dos bilabial, bisabuela, bipolar
* des privación, oposición, desgracia, desventura
negación
* extra fuera de extraoficial, extraordinario
* infra debajo, bajo infrasonido, infrahumano infrarojo,
inframundo
* multi muchos numerosos" multicultural, multilingüe multijuegos,
multicolor
* obs delante obsesión, obsceno
En inglés, un grupo de prefijos especialmente útil son los negativos. Por ejemplo, (de) degrade, (dis)
disinherit, (il) illegal, (in) incorrect, (im) immature, (ir) irregular, (mis) misinform
Una vez que aprendas a reconocer ciertos prefijos y comprender su significado en los
vocablos, podrás descubrir qué es lo que significan un gran número de palabras
desconocidas hasta entonces para ti.
A continuación, se muestra una Tabla con algunos prefijos que pueden ser de gran
utilidad.
PREFIJOS SIGNIFICADO EJEMPLO
*a sin achromatic
* ab lejos, desviado de abnormal, aboral
* ambi ambos ambivalence, ambisexuality
* ante anterior, hacia adelante, en frente de antepartum, antebrachium
* anti contra, sirve para curar o prevenir antifreeze, antihistamine, antianxiety
* chlo verde chlorine, chlorosis
chlor
* cirum alrededor circumlental, circumnuclear
*co juntos , al mismo tiempo coexist, colleague
* col
* contra en contra contraindication, contraception
* cyan azul cyanosis
cyano
* dia a través diapedesis
* dipl doble diplococcus, diplopia
diplo
* dis libre de disproportion
* dys anormal, difícil, dañado dyschromia, dyspnea, dysfunction
* ecto externo, fuera ectoderm, ectocornea
* endo dentro endoskeleton
* erythr rojo erythrocyte
erythro
* fore frente, antes forelimb
* epi además, pegado a, externo, epiphenomenon, epididymis,
después epiblast, epigenesis
* eu fácil, normal, verdadero euplastic, euthyroid, euglobulin
* ex fuera exoskeleton
exo
* hemi mitad hemiblock, hemipelvectomy
* hete diferente a lo usual heterograft
hetero
* hyper excesivamente, más de lo normal hypersensitive, hypertension
* hypo por debajo, menos de lo normal hypodermic, hypesthesia
hyp
* in no inoperable
* infra debajo, dentro de, debajo en una infrahyoid, infraspecific, infrared
escala
* inter entre Interchange, intercostal
* leuk blanco leukocyte, leukorrhea
leuko
* macro grande macrocyte, macromolecule
* is Igual, homogéneo, uniforme isocaloric, isomorph
iso
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* mal mal, pobre malfunction, malnourished
* medi media o central mediolateral
medio
* melan negro, obscuro melanin, melanoma
melano
* mes central, intermedio mesocardia, mesomorph
meso
* micro pequeñito, algo que magnifica microbe, microscope
* mono uno solo monorail, monofilament
* multi muchos multistage, multinucleate
* neo nuevo, reciente neonatal
* nulli ninguno nulligravida
* orth vertical o derecho, correcto orthotropic, orthodontia
ortho
* pachy grueso pachytene
* para junto parathyroid
par
* peri cerca, alrededor, rodeando perimenopausal, perineurium
* poly muchos, exceso polyarthritis, polydactyly
* post después, detrás postgraduate, postoperative
* pre antes, en frente precaution, premolar
* pro antes, en frente, rudimentario prochondral, proerythrocyte
* re otra vez reinnervation
* retro hacia atrás, situada atrás retroflexión, retrolental
* semi mitad, parcial semicircle
* sub debajo, menos que substandard, subspecies
* super encima, más grande que superovulation superciliary, surpass
sur
* supra encima supraorbital
* syn junto con, al mismo tiempo simbiosis, synesthesia
* sym
* trans a un lugar o condición diferente, a transplant, transcutaneous
través de
* vivi vivo vivisection
* xanth amarillo xanthoma
xantho
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SUFFIXES (SUFIJOS): Es una partícula que se AGREGA a una palabra base para formar una
nueva. Dando como resultado una palabra diferente… las partículas (S) (ED) (ING) sirven también
como sufijos.
Example:
BASE SUFFIXES NEW WORD MEANING
WORD/VERB
WORK ING WORKING TRABAJANDO
ACT ION ACTION ACCIÓN
EXIST ENCE EXISTENCE EXISTENCIA
GEO LOGY GEOLOGY GEOLOGIA
USE FUL USEFUL UTIL
SON MÁS RECONOCIDOS QUE LOS PREFIJOS.
Ejemplos de sufijos en español
*ar perteneciente a Pulmonar, palomar, palmar,
*ario En sustantivos y adjetivos que indican Disciplinario, bibliotecario,
pertenencia, profesión o lugar. armario
*arquía Voz griega que significa mandar y se Monarquía, anarquía
usa en sustantivos abstractos
*ático En sustantivos y adjetivos que indican lunático, fanático
pertenencia
*avo Unido a un numeral, indica la parte en Octavo, trezavo
que se divide la unidad
*bio Voz griega que equivale a vida; en anfibio
adjetivos
*cefalo / Se añade a la raíz de las palabras para acéfalo Hidrocefalia,
cefalia significar "cabeza". (acumulación de líquido entre el
cerebro y el cráneo)
*cele Se añade a la raíz de las palabras para diafragmatocele (hernia en el
significar "hernia" o "hinchazón". diafragma)
*centesis Se añade a la raíz de las palabras para Amniocentesis
significar "operación médica por la cual
se obtiene un líquido corporal, mediante
una punción". Amniocentesis (toma de
líquido amniótico para estudiarlo,
durante el embarazo).
Falso Cognados: (false cognates) como su nombre lo indica, son aquellas palabras que por
escritura y pronunciación parecieran tener un significado parecido o igual a nuestro idioma, que en
realidad en inglés significan otra cosa.
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Palabra en Inglés Significado real Significado Falso Significado real
que le damos en
español
Actually Realmente Actualmente Nowadays
Fabric Tela Fabrica Factory
Eventually Finalmente Eventualmente Possibly
Carpet Alfombra Carpeta Alfombra
Jam mermelada Jamón Ham
Dinner Cena Dinero Money
MEDICINA
Compromise Afectación. Compromiso Commintment
deteriorio
Horn Cuerno Horno Oven
Notice Anuncio Noticia News
Cognado (Cognates): son las palabras que se escriben o pronuncian de una manera igual o parecida
en inglés y en español.
Palabra en Inglés Significado En
español
Nation Nación
Capitalism Capitalismo
Medicine Medicina
System Sistema
Institution Instiitución
Person Persona
Important Importante
Plant Planta
Moment Momento
Opinion Opinión
Memory Memoria
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IDENTIFIQUESE
Veterinary Medicine
Name and Last Name: victor
__________________
Valero
30.609.556
I.D.: _________________________
Section:____
D-01 -ENGLISH 1
ACTIVITY:
✓ TRADUZCA AL ESPAÑOL EL TEXTO.
✓ SUBRAYE DENTRO DEL TEXTO EN INGLÉS LOS PREFIJOS, SUFIJOS, COGNADOS
Y FALSOS COGNADOS.
✓ EXTRAER LAS PALABRAS EN UN CUADRO ESCRIBIRLAS DE INGLÉS A ESPAÑOL.
Cancer in pet animals
What are neoplasia, tumors and cancer?
Neoplasia is the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body, and
the abnormal growth itself is called a neoplasm or tumor. It can be benign or
malignant. Benign neoplasms do not grow aggressively, do not invade the surrounding
body tissues, and do not spread throughout the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the
other hand, tend to grow rapidly, invade the tissues around them and spread or
metastasize to other parts of the body.
The word "tumor" or "mass" is often used to describe the actual swelling or other
physical appearance of a neoplasm. The word "cancer" is often confused with
neoplasia, but only malignant neoplasms are truly cancers.
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How common are neoplasia and cancer?
Neoplasia is common in pet animals and the incidence increases with age. Cancer
accounts for almost half of the deaths of pets over 10 years of age. Dogs get cancer
at roughly the same rate as humans, while cats get fewer cancers.
How is it diagnosed?
Neoplasia is often suspected on the basis of the pet's medical history and physical
exam. Additional tests, such as radiographs (x-rays), blood tests, and ultrasound
exams, may be necessary to confirm neoplasia. A biopsy, taking a tissue sample from
the neoplasm for examination under a microscope, is usually necessary to confirm
the diagnosis and help determine if the neoplasm is benign or malignant. Additional
biopsies of other tissues, such as lymph nodes, may be necessary to determine how
far a malignant neoplasm (cancer) has spread.
Is neoplasia preventable?
Unfortunately, the cause of most neoplastic diseases is not known and, therefore,
prevention is difficult. Early detection and treatment are the best ways to manage
neoplasia in pets.
Common types of neoplasia in pets
Skin - Skin neoplasia is very common in older dogs, but much less common in cats.
Most skin neoplasms in cats are malignant, but in dogs they are often benign. Your
veterinarian should examine all skin neoplasms in a dog or cat to determine if any
are malignant.
Mammary Gland (Breast) - 50% of all breast neoplasms in dogs and greater than
85% of all breast neoplasms in cats are malignant. Spaying your female pet before
12 months of age will greatly reduce the risk of mammary gland neoplasia.
Head & Neck - Neoplasia of the mouth is common in dogs and less common in cats.
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Signs to watch for are a mass or tumor on the gums, bleeding, odor, or difficulty
eating. Since many swellings are malignant, early, aggressive treatment is essential.
Neoplasia may also develop inside the nose of both cats and dogs. Bleeding from the
nose, breathing difficulty, or facial swelling are signs that may indicate neoplasia
and should be checked by your veterinarian.
Lymphoma - Lymphoma is a common form of neoplasia in dogs and cats. It is
characterized by enlargement of one or many lymph nodes in the body. A contagious
feline leukemia virus can be the cause of lymphoma in some cats.
Testicles - Testicular neoplasia is rare in cats and common in dogs, especially those
with retained testicles (testicles that did not move to their normal positions during
growth, and may be located in the abdomen or between the abdomen and scrotum).
Abdominal Neoplasia - Neoplasms inside the abdomen are common but it is difficult
to make an early diagnosis. Weight loss or abdominal swelling can be signs of
abdominal neoplasia.
Bone - Bone neoplasms are most often seen in large breed dogs and dogs older than
seven years, and rarely in cats. The leg bones, near joints, are the most common
sites. Persistent pain, lameness, and swelling in the affected area are common signs
of the disease.
Many of the above signs are also seen with non-neoplastic conditions but they still
need prompt attention by a veterinarian to determine the cause. Neoplasia is
frequently treatable and early diagnosis will aid your veterinarian in delivering the
best care possible.
How is cancer treated?
Each type of neoplasia requires individual care and may include one or a combination
of treatment therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, cryosurgery
(freezing), hyperthermia (heating) or immunotherapy. Your pet's overall health is
important too, and your veterinarian may recommend dietary changes or 125
other
things to help your pet better respond to treatment. Once you have a diagnosis,
your veterinarian will discuss the best treatment option(s) for your pet and the
risks and side effects associated with each option. Pain management is also an
important part of treatment. In some instances, your veterinarian may refer you to
a board-certified oncologist (cancer specialist) and/or specialty clinic depending
upon the recommended course of treatment.
Some types of neoplasia can be cured, but other types can only be managed to
decrease spread and prolong your pet's comfort and life as much as possible. How
early a neoplasm is detected and the type of neoplasm are often the biggest factors
determining the success of treatment.
Sometimes, euthanasia is considered when a pet has neoplasia (especially with some
cancers). Before you make your decision for treatment or euthanasia, discuss the
options with your veterinarian so you can make the best choice for your pet and
your family.
What is the success rate?
This strongly depends upon the type and extent of the neoplasia, as well as the
aggressiveness of therapy. Benign neoplasms are usually easier to treat, and
treatment of any type of neoplasia is more likely to be successful if the neoplasms
are detected early. Although some neoplasms (especially the more aggressive
cancers) cannot be cured, treatment can prolong your pet's life and improve their
quality of life.
What will happen in the future?
Each day, more is being learnt about neoplasia through research and experience.
Animals today have a better chance of being successfully treated for neoplasia and
cancer than they did before, and the more we learn about it, the more pets' lives
we can improve and save. New diagnostic methods can help detect neoplasia
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earlier and improve your pet's chances, and new treatment methods are being
developed to provide better success rates with less risk of side effects.
10 common signs of neoplasia in small animals
1. Abnormal swellings that persist or continue to grow
2. Sores that do not heal
3. Weight loss
4. Loss of appetite
5. Bleeding or discharge from any body opening
6. Offensive odor
7. Difficulty eating or swallowing
8. Hesitation to exercise or loss of stamina
9. Persistent lameness or stiffness
10. Difficulty breathing, urinating, or defecating
This brochure was developed with assistance from the Veterinary Cancer Society.
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