Aprende frases hechas por categorías.

Las categorías más frecuentes suelen ser:

 Cambiar adjetivos de significado opuesto

 Cambiar adverbios de significado opuesto
 Some- Any- Much- Many- Few- Little- Too- Enough
 (Would) rather- prefer
 Present Perfect vs. Past Tense
 Neither-nor-either- or- so-both
 Cambiar un comparativo por otro que diga lo mismo.
 Cambiar un modal verb por uno de significado similar.
 Pasar de forma activa a pasiva y viceversa.
 Cambiar un condicional.
 Cambiar relative clauses.
 Cambiar oraciones de estilo directo a indirecto (reported speech)
 Cambiar "connectors".

A) Cambiar adjetivos de significados opuestos.

 Por ejemplo:
He is dead. Él está muerto.
 He isn't alive. Él no está vivo.
Aquí tienes una lista de adjetivos con significados opuestos para practicar. Si no sabes su significado búscalo en
wordreference.

Adjectives Opposites

alive dead

beautiful ugly

big small

bitter sweet

cheap expensive

clean dirty

curly straight

difficult easy

good bad

early late

fat thin

full empty

hot cold

happy sad/unhappy

hardworking lazy

modern traditional
 new old

nice nasty

intelligent stupid

interesting boring

light heavy

polite rude/impolite

poor rich

quiet noisy

right wrong

safe dangerous

short long

small big

soft hard

single married

true false

well ill/unwell

white black

B) Cambiar adverbios de significados opuestos

Recuerda que un adverbio es una palabra que califica a un verbo.
Por ejemplo:
She runs fast (El adverbio es "fast")---> está diciendo cómo corre (runs) ella.
Por ejemplo:
 The hotel isn't near my house. El hotel no está cerca de mi casa.
 The hotel is far from my house. El hotel está lejos de mi casa.

 De Modo - How?
well, better, fast, slowly, carefully, easily, …
 De Lugar- Where?
here, there, above, everywhere, away, …
 De Tiempo - When?
now, early, late, soon, already, tomorrow, …
 De Duración - How long?
all week, for a while, since yesterday, …
 De Frecuencia - How often?
always, never, often, once a day, …
 De Orden - In what order?
firstly, secondly, lastly, finally, …
 De Grado - To what degree?
very, completely, greatly, extremely, …
 De Certeza - How sure?
certainly, indeed, of course, perhaps, …
C) Some- Any- Much- Many- Few- Little- Too- Enough
En inglés, estas palabras se llaman "quantifiers" (cuantificadores) porque nos indican cantidades. Aquí tienes una
lista de quantifiers.
Por ejemplo:
 There aren't many people in the room. No hay mucha gente en la habitación.
 There are few people in the room. Hay poca gente en la habitación.
"Not many" es igual que "few".

D) (Would) rather- Prefer

Ejemplo:
 I prefer studying English to studying German. Prefiero estudiar inglés en lugar de alemán.
 I like studying English rather than studying German. Me gusta más estudiar inglés que alemán.
Fíjate la estructura con "prefer" utiliza "to" para comparar y la estructura con "rather" utiliza "than".

E) Present Perfect vs. Past Tense 

Ejemplo:
 They've been married for 5 years. Llevan 5 años casados.
 They married 5 years ago. Se casaron hace 5 años.
Nota: En mi opinión, estas oraciones no dicen exactamente lo mismo, pero se pueden encontrar en los ejercicios de
reescribir.

F) Neither-nor-either- or- so-both

Ejemplo:
 She doesn't 't like either pears or apples. No le gustan ni las peras ni las manzanas.
 She neither likes pears nor apples. No le gustan ni las peras ni las manzanas.

G) Cambiar un comparativo por otro que diga lo mismo.

Ejemplo:
 John is taller than Peter. John es más alto que Peter.
 Peter isn't as tall as John. John no es tan alto como Peter.

H) Cambiar un "modal verb" por uno de significado similar.

Ejemplo:
 Shall we have a coffee?  ¿Nos tomamos un café?
 Would you like to have a coffee? ¿Te gustaría tomarte un café?

I) Pasar de forma activa a pasiva y viceversa.

Ejemplo:
 The police caught the thief. La policía cogió al ladrón.
 The thief was caught by the police. El ladrón fue cogido por la policía.

J) Cambiar un condicional.
Ejemplo:
 I didn't go to the cinema because I was late. No fui al cine porque llegué tarde.
 If I hadn't been late I would have gone to the cinema. Si no hubiese llegado tarde hubiera ido al cine.

K) Cambiar "relative clauses".

Ejemplo:
  There's the man. His house was burnt.  Ahí está el hombre. Su casa fue quemada.
   There's the man whose house was burnt. Ahí está el hombre cuya casa fue quemada.

L) Cambiar oraciones de estilo directo a indirecto (reported speech).

Ejemplo:
  Mary said: I won't go to the party. Mary dijo: "No iré a la fiesta".
 Mary said that she wouldn't go the party. Mary dijo que no iría a la fiesta.

M) Cambiar "connectors".
Ejemplo:
 Although we were hungry we didn't eat. Aunque teníamos hambre no comimos.
 In spite of being hungry we didn't eat. A pesar de tener hambre no comimos.

Sigue esta táctica para resolver estos ejercicios

a)  Primero mira si el tipo de oración te es familiar.

Por ejemplo:
The hotel has a big swimming pool.
______is a big swimming pool in the hotel.

Comentario: Sé que "has" es equivalente a "there is" (hay).

Por tanto la respuesta es: There is a big swimming pool in the hotel.
 
b) Si no te suena el tipo de oración, recurre a la traducción.
No será tan buena la solución como la anterior (muchas veces estos cambios no se corresponden con las
transformaciones de frases que hacemos en español), pero al menos la traducción te servirá de guía y evitará que te
quedes en blanco.
Por ejemplo:
 It doesn't matter which type of cooking oil you use for this recipe.

 You can use    type of cooking oil for this recipe. 

Traduzco:
 Da igual el tipo de aceite para cocinar que uses para esta receta.
 Puedes utilizar_cualquier_tipo de aceite para cocinar para esta receta.
Sabiendo que en español la palabra es "cualquier", puedo poner "any" en el espacio en blanco.
 You can use any type of cooking oil for this recipe.
Everybody must read the safety instructions. (The…) PASSIVE
The safety instruction must be read.
This is the place. We last had lunch here. (This…) RELATIVE
CLAUSES
This is the place where we last had coffee.
I love English but I can’t speak it fluently. (I…) WISH/IF ONLY
I wish I could speak English fluently.
As he had broken the vase, his parents got angry. (His…) CAUSAL
CONNECTOR
His parents got angry because he had broken the vase.
It is possible that I finish work at twelve tomorrow. (I…) MODAL VERBS
I may finish work at twelve tomorrow.
She started playing football three years ago. (She…) VERBAL TENSES
She has been playing football for three years.
The engineer has repaired my fridge. (I…) CAUSATIVE
I’ve had my fridge repaired (by the engineer).
I spent my holidays in Italy with my friends. QUESTION
Where did you spend your holidays with your friends?
I don’t have tomatoes so I can’t make a salad. (If I…) CONDITIONALS
If I had tomatoes, I could make a salad.
I’m not as good at geography as you, (You…) COMPARATIVES
You are better at geography than me.
I regretted having hit the car last night. (I…) WISH/IF ONLY
I wish I hadn’t hit the car last night.
That woman knew where the thief was hidden. QUESTION
Who knew where the thief was hidden?
We stayed at home because it was raining. (As…) CAUSAL
CONNECTOR
As it was raining, we stayed at home.
Her house is being redecorated at the moment. (She…) CAUSATIVE
She is having her house redecorated at the moment.
I am not sure that she is his daughter. (She…) MODAL VERBS
She might be his daughter.
“What time do the shops close today?, he asked me. REPORTED SPEECH
He asked me what time the shops closed that day.
Peter’s drawing isn’t as good as Ben’s drawing, (Ben’s…) COMPARATIVES
Ben’s drawing is better than Peter’s drawing.
They came to live in Madrid four years ago. (They…) VERBAL TENSES
They have been living in Madrid for four years.
She said: “Are you coming to the beach on Friday?” REPORTED SPEECH
She asked her if she was coming to the beach on Friday.
Smoking is forbidden in schools. (You…) MODAL VERBS
You mustn’t smoke in schools.
I won’t buy it because I don’t have money. (Since…) CAUSAL CONNECTOR
Since I don’t have money, I won’t buy it.
“Don’t speak so loud, please”, she said to the shildren. REPORTED SPEECH
She asked the children not to speak so loud.
Amy didn’t study for the test. Therefore, she failed. (If…) CONDITIONALS
If Amy had studied for her test, she wouldn’t have failed.
I met that famous actor a year ago. (It’s…) VERBAL TENSES
It’s been a year since I met that famous actor.
That man’s sister is my new teacher. (That…) RELATIVE CLAUSES
That is the man whose sister is my new teacher.
They lost the game in spite of playing well. (Although…) CONTRAST
CONNECTOR
Although the played well, they lost the game.