0% encontró este documento útil (0 votos)
16 vistas9 páginas

Ejercicios de Física: Energía y Fuerzas

1. The document contains exercises related to evaluating forces between charged particles like protons and electrons. It compares the electrostatic force of repulsion or attraction to gravitational force at different particle separations. 2. One exercise calculates the electrostatic repulsion between two protons in a hydrogen molecule separated by 0.7 nm and finds it is 1.23×10^36 times stronger than their gravitational attraction. 3. Another exercise finds the electrostatic attraction between the proton and electron in a hydrogen atom is 2.27×10^39 times stronger than their gravitational attraction, assuming a circular orbit of 0.53 nm.

Cargado por

PiLiGonzalez
Derechos de autor
© All Rights Reserved
Nos tomamos en serio los derechos de los contenidos. Si sospechas que se trata de tu contenido, reclámalo aquí.
Formatos disponibles
Descarga como PDF, TXT o lee en línea desde Scribd
0% encontró este documento útil (0 votos)
16 vistas9 páginas

Ejercicios de Física: Energía y Fuerzas

1. The document contains exercises related to evaluating forces between charged particles like protons and electrons. It compares the electrostatic force of repulsion or attraction to gravitational force at different particle separations. 2. One exercise calculates the electrostatic repulsion between two protons in a hydrogen molecule separated by 0.7 nm and finds it is 1.23×10^36 times stronger than their gravitational attraction. 3. Another exercise finds the electrostatic attraction between the proton and electron in a hydrogen atom is 2.27×10^39 times stronger than their gravitational attraction, assuming a circular orbit of 0.53 nm.

Cargado por

PiLiGonzalez
Derechos de autor
© All Rights Reserved
Nos tomamos en serio los derechos de los contenidos. Si sospechas que se trata de tu contenido, reclámalo aquí.
Formatos disponibles
Descarga como PDF, TXT o lee en línea desde Scribd

Ejercicios de Taller de Evaluación

Ana del Pilar Gonzalezz1 , Lida Marcela Camacho 2 , Fernando Naranjo Mayorga1
Escuela De Fisı́ca
Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia

1. Goldstein
1.1. exercice

let Pγ , Pe and P the absolute values of the moment of relatives and residual nucleus, respec-
tivamente.
conservation of lineal momentum implies:

Pγ = P sinθ (1)
Pe = P cosθ (2)
The disviding equation (1) by equation (2), we obtain:


tanθ =
Pe

θ = artan( )
Pe
1,00
θ = tan−1 ( ) = 30
1,73

1
that is, the residual nucleus will make are angle 90 + 30 = 120 with the direction of Pγ , and
are angle 180-30=150 with the direction of Pe .
the evaluate value of the residual nucleus is:
q q
P = Pγ2 + Pe2 = (1,73)2 + (1,00)2 M ev/c
let m the mass of the residual nucleus
m = 3,90x1022 gm
the kinetic energy T is (clasically)
1
T = mv 2
2
Now, v = P
m ,thas [recallthatP = 2M ev/c = 2 ∗ 5,33x10−17 gm − cm/seg]

P2 (2 ∗ 5,33x10−17 gm − cm/seg)2
T = =
2m 2(390 ∗ 10−22 gm)

T = 14,7 ∗ 10−12 ergs


expressed is Mevs the K.E. is,

1,47 ∗ 10−11 ergs


= 9,25 ∗ 10−6 M ev
1,59 ∗ 10−6 ergs/M ev
in electrom vults the K.E is
T = 9,25ev

1.2. exercice
The particle will eseape the gravitational field of the earth when its total energy is positive,
the total energy of a lounded orbit is negative, assuming the potential energy zero at am infinite
distance from the center is the velocity for which:

E =V +T =0
or
1
−mg + mv 2 = 0
2
fpr particle of mass m at adistance r of center of the earth:

v 2 = 2gr
on the surface of the earth we have:
r = 4000miles
32 miles
g = 5280
seg

32 1600
v2 = 2 ∗ ∗ 4000 =
5280 33
r r
32 1600
v= 2∗ ∗ 4000 =
5280 33

v = 6,95mile/seg

2
2. Chapter 1
2.1. problem 2

solution
By mechanical energy conservation, ( in conservation field ) we have

T + V = E = constant
or
1 Mm
mv 2 − G =E
2 R
Before particle leaving earth it is bounded to the earth i.e. stay baound state therefore E < 0
while after the speed the particle is negative to move out ot gravitacional interaction is at the
E=0.

So we have escape speed ve satisfies:

1 Mm
mv 2 − G =0
2 R
Or
s
2GM
ve = = 6,95mi/seg
R
where G is gravitational constant and MR cure mass ear respectively.

3. Capitulo 14
INTERACCION ELECTRICA
14-1 Hallar la fuerza electrica de repulsión entre dos protones en una molecula de hidrogeno,
si su separacion es de 0,7 ∗ 10−10 m compareloo con su atraccion gravitacional

3
kqp2
Fe = − µr
4πr2
donde : qp = 1,60 ∗ 10−19 C, r = 0,7 ∗ 10−10 m

(1,60 ∗ 10−19 C)2 ∗ 9 ∗ 109 N m2 2,55 ∗ 109 ∗ 9 ∗ 109 N


Fe = =
C 2 ∗ (0,7 ∗ 10−10 m)2 5,45 ∗ 10−21

Fe = 4,21 ∗ 10−8 N

km2p
Fe = − µr
4πr2

N m2 (1,6 ∗ 10−27 eg)2


Fg = 6,67 ∗ 10−11 ∗
eg 2 (o,74 ∗ 10−10 )2

Fg = 3,41 ∗ 10−44 N
Fe
= 1,23 ∗ 1036 N
Fg
14-2 Encontrarla fuerza electrica aplicada de atracción entre el proton y el electron en un
atomo de hidrogeno asumiendo que el electron describe una orbita circular de 0,53 ∗ 10−10 m.
Comparecon su atracción gravitacional.

carga del protón=+e = 1,6021 ∗ 10−19 C


carga del electrón= −e = −1,6021 ∗ 10−19 C

0 0
kqq qq
Fe = 2 =
r 4π0 r2
(1,6021 ∗ 10−19 C)(−1,6021 ∗ 10−19 C)
Fe = 9 ∗ 109 N m2 /C 2 ∗ = 8,22 ∗ 10−8 N
(0,53 ∗ 10−10 m)2
kme mo
Fg
r2
2
donde : me = 9,1091 ∗ 10−31 kg, mp = 1,6755 ∗ 10−27 kg,k = 6,67 ∗ 10−11 Nkgm2

N m2 (9,1091 ∗ 10−31 kg)(1,6755 ∗ 10−27 kg)


Fg = (6,67 ∗ 10−11 ) ∗ = 3,63 ∗ 10−47 N
kg 2 (0,53 ∗ 10−10 m)2

Fe 8,22 ∗ 10−8 N
= = 2,27 ∗ 1039
Fg 3,63 ∗ 10−47 N
14-3 Compare la repulsión electroestatica entre dos electrones con su atracción gravitacional
a la misma distancia. repita para los protones.

q1 q2
interacción electrica: Ie = 4π0

interacción gravitacional = Ig = γm1 m2

4
para los electrones: q1 = q2 = e ; m1 = m2 = me

me = 9,1091 ∗ 10−31 kg
2
γ = 6,67 ∗ 10−11 Nkgm2
2
1
4π0 = 9 ∗ 109 NCm2

Ie e2
=
Ig 4π0 rme

Ie (1,6021)2 ∗ 10−38 ∗ 9 ∗ 109 N m2 ∗ kg 2 2,5667 ∗ 9 ∗ 10−29


= = = 0,04174 ∗ 1044
Ig 6,67 ∗ 10−11 N m2 (9,1091)2 C 2 ∗ 10−42 kg 2 6,67 ∗ 82,9757 ∗ 10−73

Ie
= 4,174 ∗ 1042
Ig
para dos protones mp = 1,6725 ∗ 10−27

Ie (1,6021)2 ∗ 10−38 ∗ 9 ∗ 109 N m2 ∗ kg 2 2,5667 ∗ 9 ∗ 10−29


= =
Ig 6,67 ∗ (1,6725)2 ∗ 10−11 ∗ 10−34 N m2 kg 2 C 2 6,67 ∗ 2,7973 ∗ 10−62
Ie
= 1,238 ∗ 1036
Ig
14-4 dos esferas identicas de masa m, tienen igualdad de carga q estan unidas a dos resoltes
de longitud l, colgando desde el mismo [Link] el angulo θ que cada resolte hace con
la vertical cuando se avalanza.

ΣFx = T sen3 θ − F12 = 0


entonces

(1)
1 q2
lseθ =
4πε0 a2

ΣFy = 0
(2)
mg = lcosθ

5
q 2
(1) Rε0 4a 2 q2
= =
(2) mg 4πε0 a2 mg

q2 senθ
tanθsen2 θ = 2
=
4πε0 l mg cosθ
14-5 Ddos bolas de caucho identicas de masa m tiene cargas iguales q, estan unidas a dos
cuerdas de longuitud l y separadas con una distancia [Link] el angulo θ que forma las
cuerdas con la vertical cuando alcanza el equilibrio. Como puede implicar esta distribución para
la vertical la ley experimental del universo de los cuadrados variando la distancia d y observando
el angulo.

ΣFx = 0 =⇒ Fe − T senθ = 0
(1)
Fe = T senθ

ΣFy = 0 =⇒ T cosθ − mg = 0
(2)
mg
cosθ =
T
kq 2
(1) 2 T senθ kq 2
= r = = tanθ = 2
(2) mg T cosθ r mg
kq 2
despejando :r2 = mgtnaθ

r = d + 2lsenθ
9 ∗ 109 q 2
(d + 2lsenθ)2 =
mgtanθ

6
14-6 cual debe ser la carga sobre una particula de masa 2 gramos, para que permanezca
estacional en el laboratoio cuando cuando se coloca en un campo electrico dirijido hacia abajo
de intensidad 500N C −1 .

m = 2 ∗ 10−3 kg, E = 500N C −1

la condición es que la fuerza debida a la gravedad se contraresta con el campo magnetico

mg = qE
mg 2 ∗ 10−3 kg ∗ 9,8m/s2
q= =
E 500N C −1
1,96 ∗ 10−2 kgms−2
q=
500N C −1
q = 3,93 ∗ 10−5 C
17-49 Demostrar que si B = c/r se sactiface la ecuacion B=1/2 donde B es el promedio.
R
BdA
Bm = R
dA
int(1/c)2πrdr 2πcr 2c
Bm = 2
= 2
=
πr πr r
Bm = 2c/r; B − m/2 = C/r

=⇒ osea que cumple con la condición de B = 1/2Bm

17-50 Una carga q de masa m se mueve en una orbita circular de radio ρ bajo la accion de
una fuerza centripetra [Link] cierto tiempo , se establece un campo magnetico uniforme per-
pendicular al plano de la [Link] en la ley de induccion electromagnetica demostrar
que la variacion del modulo de la velocidad del electrón es ∆N = −qρB/2m y que la variacion
correspondiente del momento magnetico es ∆m = −(q 2 ρ2 /4m)θ.


= 1/2ρq(dB/dt)
dt
dN
= (ρq/2m)(dB/dt)
dt

7
dN
m = 1/2ρqdB/dt
dt
dN = (ρq/2m)dB

ρq ~ q ~
~ = −1/2
∆w · B = −1/2 B
mρ m

∆m
~ = q(∆w/2π)πρ
~ 2 ~
= q(−1/2q/m)1/2B
~
~ = −ρ2 q 2 B/4m
∆m
17-52 En una región donde hay un campo magnetico B, ~ el módulo del campo esta aumen-
~
tando con una rapidez constante, es decir, dB/dt = ~b, donde ~b es un vector constante paralelo
~ ~
a b es un vector constante paralelo B. Demuestrar que, conforme a la ecuacion 17-15, el campo
~ = −1/2~bx~r.
electrico en cada punto es E

Escojamos el origen de coordenadas talque a la definir el punto p(x, y, z), resultante:

~r = x~i + y~j + z~k


~ es el existente en este espacio, entonces debe cumplirse que:
Demostremos que si el campo E

~
∇xE ~
= 1/2[∇x(−~bx~r)] = −~b
~b: es un vector cte en modulo y dirección

sea ~b = −1/2~bx~r = −1/2(bx~i + by~j + bz~k)x(x~i + y~j + z~k)

~ = −1/2(zby − ybz)~i − 1/2(xbz − zbx)~j − 1/2(ybx − xby)~k


E
~ E
∇x ~ = (dEz /dy − dEy /dz)~i + (dEx /dz − dEz /dx)~j + (dEy /dx − dEx /dy)~k
~ son:
pero las componentes de E

Ex = −1/2(zby − ybz)

8
Ey = −1/2(xbz − zbx)

Ez = −1/2(ybx − xby)

dEz /dy = −bx/2;dEy /dz = bx/2; dEx /dz = −by/2;


dEy /dx = −bx/2;dEx /dx = −bz/2;dEx /dy = −bz/2

por lo tanto el producto


~ E
∇x ~ = (−bx/2 − bx/2)~i + (−bx/2 − by/2)~j + (−bz/2 − bz/2)~k

~ E
∇x ~ = −~ibx − ~jby − ~kbz = (bx~i + by~j + bz~k) = ~b

~ E
∇x ~ = ~b

luego

~ ~bx~r) − ~b = −dB/d
−1/2∇x( ~ F~
~ = −1/2(~bx~r)
esto indica que: E

~
17-54 describir de forma diferencial las ecuaciones de maxwell usando el operador ∇.
Para las ecuaciones de Gauss, encontramos que E.~
a) Para maxwell, analogamente expresamos: dEx /dx, dEz /dz
b) para el campo magnetico: dBx /dx + dBy /dy + dBz /dz = 0 c)para el rotacional ∇X ~ E~ =
~
−dB/dt

~ E
∇X ~ = − Bx~i − By ~j − Bz ~k
dt dt dt
resolviendo el determinante e igualando las componentes:

Ez Ey Bx
( − )=−
dy dz dt
Ex Ez By
( − )=−
dz dx dt
Ey Ex Bz
( − )=−
dx dy dt
;

Common questions

Con tecnología de IA

The relationship between linear momentum conservation and angles formed by residual and emitted particles is derived from the equations Pγ = Psinθ and Pe = Pcosθ, where Pγ and Pe are the momenta of emitted particles, and P is the momentum of the residual nucleus. By dividing these, we find θ = arctan(Pγ/Pe), which determines the angular relations between the directions of different momenta, such as the residual nucleus moving at angles computed through 90 + θ or 180 - θ .

Maxwell's equations can be expressed using the differential operator ∇ as follows: (a) Gauss's law for electric fields: ∇·E = ρ/ε₀, where E is the electric field and ρ is the charge density; (b) Gauss's law for magnetism: ∇·B = 0, indicating no magnetic monopoles; (c) Faraday's law of induction: ∇×E = -∂B/∂t, where B is the magnetic field; (d) Ampère-Maxwell law: ∇×B = μ₀(J + ε₀∂E/∂t), incorporating displacement current density ∂E/∂t for a time-varying electric field .

The escape speed from Earth is derived under the assumption that the potential energy is zero at infinite distance from the center of the Earth. Conservation of mechanical energy implies that the total energy is zero at this point. Hence, the kinetic energy required to escape Earth's gravity must equal the potential gravitational energy at the Earth's surface, leading to the equation 1/2mv² = GMm/R, from which we solve the escape speed v as v = sqrt(2GM/R), reflecting the energy conditions necessary for escape .

The escape velocity of a particle from Earth's gravitational field is determined by the condition that the total mechanical energy (kinetic plus potential energy) becomes zero. Mathematically, it is calculated as v_e = sqrt(2GM/R), where G is the gravitational constant, M is Earth's mass, and R is the radius of the Earth. This velocity ensures that kinetic energy compensates the gravitational potential energy, allowing the particle to escape Earth's gravitational pull without further energy input .

In a system where identical spheres of charge q are attached to strings and separated by a distance d, the angle θ the strings make with the vertical at equilibrium is determined by balancing the electric and gravitational forces. The relation is given by tanθ = kq^2/(r^2mg), where k is Coulomb's constant, r is the separation distance, and mg is the gravitational force. As the distance d varies, this alters the radius r along with the equilibrium position, influencing θ .

For two electrons, the electrostatic repulsion is significantly larger than the gravitational attraction. The ratio Ie/Ig is calculated using Coulomb's and Newton's laws as 4.174 x 10^42, highlighting that electrostatic forces dominate gravitational interactions even at atomic scales due to the much stronger electromagnetic force when compared to gravitation .

When a charge q moves in a circular orbit of radius ρ within a varying magnetic field B, the variation in speed ΔN of the charge is given by ΔN = -qρB/2m, where m is the mass. Consequently, the change in magnetic moment Δm is calculated as Δm = -q²ρ²B/(4m), caused by the induced electromotive force from the changing magnetic field, altering both the angular velocity and magnetic moment according to electromagnetic induction principles .

For a mass to be in equilibrium within an electric field, the gravitational force (mg) must be counterbalanced by the electric force (qE), where m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, q is the charge, and E is the electric field's intensity. This ensures the net force is zero, maintaining equilibrium .

In a region where the magnetic field B is increasing at a constant rate dB/dt, the electric field E induced as per Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction can be described by the expression E = -1/2(b × r), where b is the rate of change vector and r is the distance vector from the origin. This reflects a non-conservative electric field generated due to the changing magnetic flux .

For a particle of mass 2 grams to remain stationary in a downward-directed electric field of intensity 500 N/C, the gravitational force on the particle must be balanced by the electric force. The condition is expressed as mg = qE, where m is the particle's mass, g is the gravitational acceleration, q is the charge, and E is the electric field strength. Solving for q gives q = mg/E, which equals 3.93 * 10^-5 C .

También podría gustarte