PRIMER TRIMESTRE 1) Too / Enough Too equivale al espafiol "demasiado" Se utiliza siempre delante ¢ los adjetivos o adverbios que modifica. Ejemplo: This exercise is too easy Este ejercicio es demasiado facil LLuego del adjetivo, puede agregarse "to" mas un verbo He's too young to drive, Es demasiado joven para conducit. Enough equivale al espajiol "lo sufucientemente". Se utiliza siempre después de los adjetivos 0 adverbios que modifica. larrived early enough. Llegué lo suficientemente temprano. También puede ser seguido de "to" mas un verbo, He isn't old enough to drive. No es lo suficientemente viejo como para manejar. ©] GD narsthe problem? Look atthe pictures and complete the sentences with t90 or not enough and the adjectivesin brackets. V Hes (cal 2 Hes toe sis (short 2 Hiss (dong) 4 Hist is (hon) 5 Her trousers are dona) 6 Hertousersare (shoal 7 Her trousers are ag) 8 Hes (a, 9 Thedooris| a) 10 The doris hight ‘A. Complete the sentences. Use f00 or not... enough and the words in brackets. (© We wanted to go cycling, butt was 4m going to bed. Im.. These jeans are Helen needs new shoes, These ones are. We need two pizzas. This one is . for four people. (big) I'S snunnmsnannnn tO $60 the film now, it started twenty minutes ago. (ate) Gina had a bad cold yesterday. She was... to play tennis. (wel) (windy) ww 10 eat any supper. tired) to wear to the party. (clean) her now. (small) }. Join the sentences. Use the words in brackets. © She doesnt work hard, She won't pass her exams, (enough) “She doesn't work hard enough to pass her exams. 4 He's short. He cat reach that shelf (too) tome very ong. We can't se the whole city. (enough) 13 Theman was very angry He couldnt speak. (100) ‘4, They'e sisteen years old. They can't drive yet. (enough) 5 The musicat the disco was very loud. We couldn't have a conversation. (10) {6 Dan doesn’t play the guitar wel. He can't become a musici (enough)T10©@ @©R ENOUGH? C. Match the phrases with the sentences. TOOOLD —_TOOLAZY -—NOTOLDENOUGH ENOUGHMONEY — TOOHEAVY TOO PRICEY ‘COLD ENOUGH ‘OLD ENOUGH TOO TIRED TOO BORED BRAVE ENOUGH ENOUGH TIME TOOHIGH —_HARD-WORKING ENOUGH TOORUDE —_ TALENTED ENOUGH Too Noisy TOOCOLD ENOUGHFOOD = TOOUITTLE. 1. Sheis. to drive a car. She is only 14. 2. Tallyis. to pass the exam and get an A. 3. You should help your little sister, Emily. She is to eat by herself. 4. Dad, I'm 18. 1am to go backpacking with my friends. 5S. Don’t expect a ‘please’ or ‘thank you’ from him. He is. for that. 6. Jessie is to go out. She is 92. 7. The dayis to go out like that. You need a coat. 8. Londonis__....__==_____—for me to live here. 9. Susanna is to play every musical instrument she tries. 10. | am sorry but | don’t have to help you. 11. Dowe have to afford this apartment? 12. The suitcase is tocarry. 13, Brad is not to tell us the truth. 14, We were at home and decided to go out. 15. Don't worry about more guests coming. We have. 16. Leila was to work and went to bed 17. The car is , there’s no use spending so much money on it. 18, The lemonade is not - Can you add some ice? 19. We cannot climb this mountain. It is , 20. Benny is to solve this Math problem.2) Simple Past vs. Past Participle Simple Past El tiempo Pasado Simple se usa para hablar de acciones terminadas en el pasado. Como hacen referencia a acciones que ya ocurrieron, siempre deben iren un contoxto pasado. Generalmente le sigue a palabras como “before” Los verbos en Pasado simple tienen dos formas: Irregulares — Van en la forma de la segunda comlumna de verbos irregulares. Have - Had Write — Wrote Regulares — Se les agrega “-ed" atrés. Watch — Watched Need — Needed Past Participle El tiempo Pasado Participio se usa para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron antes que otra en el pasado. Generalmente le sigue a palabras como “after’. La forma del pasado participio es: HAD + verbo en la 3ra columna (jrregulares) o -ed (regulares) He had washed his hands before he started eating. El se lvabia lavaco las manos antes de empezar a comer. After she hac written the summary, she studied. Después de haber escrito el resumen, estudio. 8, Which action happened first? Write a sentence. Use the past simple. ‘© When | eft home, it had already started to rain. starred fora 4 The train had leftby the time he goto the station... 2. Whenwe put on the TV, the film had finished. 3 éjusttumed of my phone when youcalled me. 44 By the time they go tothe restaurant, it had closed... 55 They ha sold althe tickets by the time we arrived... . Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect or pas simple ofthe verbs in brackets. Sometimes both are possible. © By thetimehe.....Started, 4 mine (tat, fnsh) 4. Assoonas they. Gepais set) 2 BE sn round ater she. Robtothe station Come, take) SP ho my room before svnnneto bed. (iy, g0) {8 ASS00AS WE snes OUF BARS UT OOM, WE lunch. (put, have) 5. TRY cna BYE LM nn (leave, arrive) 6 Aer bi better. (tak, feel) ut the verb into the correct form, past perfect (1 had done) or past simple (dd) 1 “Was Paul atthe party when you arrived?" “No, he 84. gon. (go) home.” 2 [ele very tired when I gor home, so (go) straight 0 bed. 3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed. 4 Sorry I'm late, The car (break) down on my way here 5 We were driving along the road when we (see) a car which (break) down, so we (stop) co help.Past Simple or Past Perfect |. After we discussed/ had discussed it on the phone, | wrote/ had written him an email about it. 2. Before we took/ had taken Bob to the theatre, he never saw/ had never seen a stage play before. 3. By the time we arrived/ had arrived, the football match finished / had finished. 4. He promised / had promised to do the job in an hour, but he still did not finish / had not finished by 7 o'clock. 5.1 just cleaned/ had just cleaned the carpet when the dog came/ had come in and shook himself. 6. By the time | arrived/ had arrived , the concert finished/ had finished. 7.\rang/ had rung the shop as soon as | checked/ had checked the contents of the box. 8, They locked / had locked the door before | got/ had got there. 9. We had / had had a good rest when our gests all left/ had left . 10. When she rang / had rung the office this moming, Tom already went / had already gone out.SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE 3) Passive Voice La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando se desea expresar una accién poniendo mas énfasis en el objeto que en la Persona que realiza dicha accién. Por ejemplo: ‘You boil the water for two minutes. Hierves el agua por dos minutos. Esta oracién esté en vor activa e indica que alguien hierve el agua durante dos minutos, En la siguiente oracién, sin embargo, se expresa lo mismo pero sin importar quién realiza esa accién. Esto se llama voz pasiva’ The water is boiled for two minutes. El agua es hervida por dos minutos. Para formar la voz pasiva, se toma el verbo en cuestion y se lo convierte al participio pasado. Luego se agrega el verbo to be en la conjugacién y tiempo que corresponde al nuevo sujeto. Por ejemplo: The police rescued the boy. La policia recat6 al chico. The boy was rescued by the police. El chico fue rescatado por la policia. El verbo BE puede ir en 4 formas [ l PRESENTE l PASADO SINGULAR is was PLURAL, ARE WERE A. Present Simple Passive 1) Computers (sell) in many different stores. 2) English (speak) almost everywhere 3) Lots of TV series (watch) today. 4) German (teach) in my school too. 5) Rhinos (kill) for their horn, 6) Lots of tea (drink) in China. 7) Newspapers (read) all over the world. 8) The most comfortable clothes (make) of cotton, 9)Pizza_________—__with tomato sauce. (eat) 10) Easter eggs with different colors. (decorate)8. Past Simple Passive 1) Harry Potter (write) by J.K Rowling. 2) These shoes (make) in Italy. 3) The windows (break) yesterday by footballers. 4) The pyramids (build) for the pharaohs. 5) The light bulb (invent) by Thomas Edison. 6) The first McDonald's hamburger __ (make) in 1955, 7) The first e-mail (send) in 1971. 8) Basketball first________— (play) in the USA. 9) The Italian flag (design) by Napoleon. 10) My car (steal) last night. C. Complete with the present simple passive. 1 Ice cream .'$ made from cream and sugar. (make) 2. Bononas jn hot countries. (grow) 3 London by thousands of tourists every year. (visit) ot to Jenny's party. (invite) 5 Lunch ‘ot half past twelve. (serve) & The animals three times @ day. (feed) 7 The Geography class by Mr Green. (teach) 8 The rooms every four years. (paint) D. the toothbrush / invent / in the 5 the first computer mouse / use / in fifteenth century 1964 The toothbrush was invented in the fifteenth century 6 the first CDs / sell / in the 1980s the first pair of eyeglasses / wear / in the 1200s 7 the first public basketball game / play Fintl the first bicycle / ride / in 1791 the first hot dogs / eat / in the ‘1860s SS SS PF aem E. Complete the second sentence so that it means the some as the first. Use no more than three words. | They sent the invitation to the wrong address. he invitation was sent: to the wrong address, 2. People speok English all over the world. English cll over the world. 3 Someone stole Jim's bike last night. Jim's bike lost night. 4 They moke these cameras in Japon. These in Jopan, 5 They wrap the chocolates in foil. The chocolates in foil, & They built this hotel in 1960, This in 1960, 7 They sold that painting two weeks ago. ‘Thot painting two weeks ago. 8 People throw away tonnes of rubbish Tonnes of rubbish every doy. every doy. . Rewrite the sentences in passive 1) James Cook discovered Australia. 2) People grow coffee in Brazil. 3) Kar! Benz invented the first car. 4) People play Monopoly all over the world. 5) Steve Jobs made the first iPhones. 6) People kill turtles for their shell. 7) The burglar stole my silver Ferrari.4) Type 2 Conditionals Las oraciones condicionales del segundo tipo sirven para expresar situaciones que podrian ocurtr si se cumpliera una determinada condici6n hipotetica, If bad a million dollars, | would buy a big house. Si tuviera un millén de délares, compraria una casa grande. ‘esta oracién se la denomina oracién condicional del segundo tipo. Expresa que pasaria si se cumpliera una condicion imaginaria, hipotetica (que es poco probable que se cumpla). En realidad, no tengo un millon de délares, solamente estoy imaginando qué haria si los tuviera. It+ condicién + consecuencia If + Past + would Estas oraciones se forman comenzando con IF y agregando la condicién, expresada en tiempo pasado. Luego, se agrega lo que ocurrirfa si se cumple esa condicion, expresado con would seguido del verbo sin ninguna modificacién. If had a calculator, | would do this homework quicker (but | don't have a calculator). Si tuviera una calculadora, haria esta tarea mas rapido (pero no tengo una calculadora), Siempre debe utilizarse el tiempo pasado en la parte de la oracién que tiene elif oracién que contiene la consecuencia. Es incorrecto decir: JELwould- werkless_ would have tore free-tine. If worked less, I would have more free time. Si trabajara menos, tendria mas tiempo libre. y el verbo modal would en la parte de la A Write sentences in the second conditional. 1 be good at acting be fm star 5 make lots of money buy tots of cars (flag aood at acting, (d be a fim star 2 be/aflmstar go to lots of exiting parties : 6 buy/otsofcars needa big garage 3 live in a big house in Holywood have /a swimming poo! 7 ot ive in my home town fot see! my tien very oft 44 have /a swimming poo! cee . hire! someone to clean it 1 rot see/my friends very often get lonely C. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 If you rook more exercise, you'd. feel better, Td be very angry if . pseiaonbins If | didn’t go to work tomorrow, Would you go to the party if If you bought some new clothes, Would you mind ifB. Write second conditional questions. © if/ you / find / someone's diary / what / you / do? pas sions epee woute, A es B: Vd read it. 4 if/ you / see / a ghost / you / be / frightened? A B: Yes, I would! 2. if / Sarah / have / a problem / who / she / talk to? be is: B: She'd talk to you. 3° Marc / come / to the party / if / | / ask / him? We eas ries B: No, he wouldn't. 4 what / you / do / if/ you / be / in Kate's position? Bitton nin Vd tell the truth. 5 if/ you / can / go / anywhere / where / you / 30? ae B: I'd go to Cuba. 2 Circle the correct answer. A: I've got a problem, John lent me his MP3 player and I've lost it. What (0) did / u do if you (1) were / td be me? B: (2) bought /d buy him anew one, ‘A: What about you, Danny? (3) Would / Did you buy him anew one? No, (4) didn’t / wouldn't. | (5) told / teil him what happened and wait to se: what he said first. if you (6) found | ‘d find a wallet in the street, what (7) did / would you do? Fit (8) had / would have identification in it, | (9) took / td take it to the police. ‘A: And if it (10) didn’t / wouldn’t have any, (11) did / would you keep the money? Yes, | (12) did / would. Why do you ask? ‘A: I've just found one and | don’t know what to do. 'b Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. A: | feel exhausted. | don't sleep at night. B: | think you'd sleep better if you (o) during the day. And if you (2) @ {not be) so irritable! ..(do) some exercise (steep) better, maybe you ‘As Becky's not doing well at school. Br She (3) -. (get) better marks if She (4) wansssmn (not watch) so much TV. Then she (5) .. (be able to) study whatever she wanted at university. A: I don't know what to do. If (6)... (have) some money, | a (go away) in August, but | spend all the money | get. B: If! (8) .. (be) you, and if! (9) . - (need) ‘some money to go on holiday, | (10) .. iesermnmneees (ASK) my parents to lend me some.TERCER TRIMESTRE Los pronombres relativos nos permiten definir ciertas cosas para no dejar lugar a la duda The girl who lives next door. La chica que vive al lado, The restaurant where I work. El reataurante donde trabajo. This is the boy whose bike I broke. Este es el chico cuya bicicleta rompi. Pronombres relativos: WHO — personas WHICH — cosas 0 animales WHERE - lugares WHEN ~momentos y fechas WHOSE - posesién A. Choose the correct item: 1. Nick is the boy who/which gave me the necklace. Brighton is the place where/when| studied. July is the month which/when | usually go on holiday. My best friend, whe/whose hobby is poetry, has already published a book. Should | ask my university professor why/whose | failed his course? Anna, that/whois also an activist, has dedicated her life to our cause. This is the first time who/that we go paragliding. With who/whom are you going to the movies? The laptop which/who | bought last week got infected by malware. 10.| can’t figure out why/when he’s being so argumentative. 11. Students who/which engage in inappropriate behavior will be punished. 12, Berlin is the city where/which I'm going to move. > Pp PRNOB. Complete the sentences. Use who, which, whose or where. @rxaunrwnrwo D. Look at these old photos .....M@MCH......| found in a box upstairs. This is the house we lived when we got married. | think that’s the woman .. used to live next door to us. Yes, she’s the one .. ssueu 0g attacked me in the park. That's the friend... .. had an apartment in Corfu. Yes, and this is the nice couple .. » festaurant we liked so much. And here’s the Beach vasssussssssnu We Went every day. Paradise! [s that the apartment No, that was the apartment Complete the sentences with who, which, whose or where. @ Aperson who doesn’t have a mobile phone is hard to contact. b An mp3 player ‘has a 40GB memory is more expensive than one with a 20GB memory. E-mails advertise things are called ‘spam’. dA subject you might like is Information Technology. © Someone is scared of technology is called a ‘technophobe’. f Aplace you can get cheap technology is the Internet. g A person ‘e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails. h Airports are you can buy new electronic products without paying tax. In this exercise you have to explain what some words mean, Choose the right meaning from the box and then write a sentence with who. Use a dictionary if necessary. buys something from a shop pays rent o live in a house or flat helthe'y oesn't believe in God HE) beaks inco:a house to steal things is not brave expects the worst to happen 1 (an architect) An architect is someone who designs buildings. 2 (a burglar) A burglar is someone 3 a customer) 4 (a shoplifter) a 5 (a coward) = 6 (an atheist) — ae = (a pessimist) a (a tenant) a