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Con tecnología de IAThe document specifies different concrete mixes for various structural elements. Simple concrete with a compression strength of f'c=100 kg/cm2 is used for solados. For more substantial elements, such as foundations and columns, a concrete mix with a compression strength of f'c=210 kg/cm2 is used, along with reinforcements like steel bars with fy=4200 kg/cm2 grade 60 in various elements such as columns and beams .
The document categorizes construction tasks into distinct activities, such as site preparation, material transport, and concrete pouring, with specific units of measurement for each. Pricing is provided by calculating based on these units and multiplying by a set rate per unit to give partial and total costs for each task .
The main types of preliminary works involved in construction include site preparation such as cleaning by hand, initial layout, and maintenance of layout during construction. Additionally, it involves transportation of materials both vertically and horizontally, as well as demolitions like demolition of existing structures and removal of debris from foundations and adjacent structures .
Steel reinforcement plays a critical role in strengthening construction elements. It provides tensile strength that concrete alone lacks, making it indispensable in components like foundation footings, columns, beams, and other load-bearing parts. The steel used typically has a tensile strength of fy=4200 kg/cm2 grade 60, ensuring the robustness of structures like columns and beams .
The document outlines procedures for foundation excavation that include manual cleaning of the terrain, excavating up to 1 meter in standard soil, and ensuring precise measurement and alignment to prepare for laying the foundation footings. These procedures ensure a solid and stable foundation for the structure to support the loads transferred through the building .
Leveling of interior spaces is addressed through manual tamping, ensuring even and flat surfaces suitable for the subsequent phases of construction. This technique is essential to provide a stable base for flooring systems and to ensure that subsequent construction work progresses smoothly and efficiently .
Formwork in concrete construction serves to shape the poured concrete and hold it in place until it achieves sufficient strength to support itself. It ensures the concrete is contained within defined boundaries, facilitating the formation of precise architectural features in elements like columns, beams, and slabs during the curing process .
Hollow bricks are advantageous in lightweight slab construction as they reduce the overall weight of the structure while maintaining structural integrity. They offer better thermal insulation and reduce material costs, as they require less concrete for coverage, which makes them a cost-effective choice for lightweight construction designs .
The document mentions measures such as manual loading and removal to transport construction debris away from the site. This is critical to maintain site safety, efficiency, and environmental cleanliness, ensuring that debris does not obstruct ongoing construction activities .
Transport of materials on a construction site is managed through vertical and horizontal movement methods. This involves mechanisms and processes designed to efficiently move materials across the construction site, likely involving machinery or manual labor efforts to ensure materials reach their required positions at various stages of construction .