"GOING TO Para formar el futuro con "going to" necesitamos usar el presente simple del verbo "to be"

(ser, estar) seguido de "going to" y luego otro verbo. Ejemplo He is going to study English at university. l va a estudiar ingls en la universidad We are going to go to the theatre next month. Vamos a ir al teatro al mes que viene Para la forma negativa usamos "not" (no) detrs del verbo "to be" (ser, estar). Ejemplo She is not (isn't) going to buy that car. Ella no va a comprar ese coche They are not (aren't) going to send the parcel back. No van a enviar de vuelta el paquete Para la forma interrogativa colocamos el verbo "to be" (ser, estar) delante de la persona. Ejemplo Are you going to use the computer this afternoon? Vas a utilizar el ordenador esta tarde? Is she going to go to South Africa soon? Va a ir (ella) a Sudfrica pronto? ALGUNOS USOS GENERALES Usamos el futuro con "going to" para expresar planes de futuro. Normalmente

nos referimos con el futuro con "going to" a un futuro cercano. Ejemplo I am going to study for my exams. Voy a estudiar para mis exmenes I am not going to go by bus, I am going to go by car. No voy a ir en autobs, voy a ir en coche Are we going to have lunch today? Vamos a almorzar hoy? He isn't going to the dentist today at 4, he is going to go tomorrow. l no va a ir al dentista hoy a las 4, va a ir maana El futuro con "going to" se usa para expresar intenciones o acciones a las que el hablante ha accedido o ha prometido llevar a cabo. Ejemplo I am going to buy a new computer. Voy a comprar un ordenador nuevo We are going to help you with your verbs. Vamos a ayudarte con los verbos They are going to cook lunch for us. Van a cocinar el almuerzo para nosotros Cuando no estamos muy seguros de lo que va a suceder en el futuro, tambin usamos el futuro con "going to" para expresar nuestros pensamientos o predicciones. Ejemplo We think they are going to go abroad. Creemos que se van a ir al extranjero They have the feeling their company is going to expand.

Tienen la sensacin de que su empresa se va a expandir Vamos a conjugar un verbo a modo de ejemplo. Vamos a coger el verbo "to study" (estudiar). Afirmativa I am going to study You He She It We You (all) They are going to study is going to study is going to study is going to study are going to study are going to study are going to study Negativa am not going to study aren't going to study isn't going to study isn't going to study isn't going to study aren't going to study aren't going to study aren't going to study Are you going to study? Is he going to study? Is she going to study? Is it going to study? are we going to study? are you going to study? are they going to study? Interrogativa Am I going to study?

Determiners Pronouns - Some / Any / No / Every / Each

1 Some / Any / No Some / Any and no are used with countable (singular and plural) and uncountable nouns.

Use Type of sentences: ? + Some Someone Somebody Something Somewhere - In affirmative sentences. - In questions, when a positive answer is expected. - In polite requests and offers.

Examples

- Someone took my keys by mistake. - Are you looking for something?

- Would like some cake?

Use Type of sentences: ? + Any Anyone Anybody Anything Anywhere - In questions. - In affirmative sentences, meaning "no matter which". - In negative sentences when not or

Examples

- Is anyone in the kitchen? - You can visit us any day next week.

- I dont eat anything spicy.

other negative words are included

- There isnt anything to do. - Hardly anyone has arrived yet.

(hardly,never, rarely ect.)

Use Type of sentences: No No-one Nobody Nothing Nowhere - In negative sentences instead of not any; no other negative words can be used.

Examples

- He has nowhere to go. - There is nothing to do. - Nothing was bought by Mr and Mrs Philips.

3 Every

Use Type of sentences: + - ? Every Everyone Everybody - When we consider people or things as a group.

Examples

- Every car has a steering wheel. - Nearly every hause in this area has

Everything Everywhere

- With nearly and not. Every one of + plural

a gardens. - Not every room has a nice view. - I found every one of them received a free copy of the magazine.

noun/pronoun.

4 Each

Use Type of sentences: + - ? Each When we consider people or Each

Examples

student

came

up

with

things separately. Each (one) of + plural

different idea. - Each one them received a free copy of the magazine.

noun/pronoun.

COULD:

habilidad en el pasado: "I could play the piano when I was a child" posibilidad: "There could be trouble if the government tries to force this
measure through"

pedidos y sugerencias: "Could you give me a hand?" "We could go to the

para pedir permiso: "Could I leave a bit early today?" permiso en el pasado: "When I was young I could invite friends to my house
because my mother allowed me to"

deduccin: "That could be John's car I can hear -- he said he was coming" uso idiomtico: "You could at least tell me what they said!" (I think you
should...)

prohibicin en el pasado: "When I was young I couldn't go out until I had

voluntad: I couldn't possibly leave Tim here on his own (I didn't want to,
that's why I didn't leave him).

uso idiomtico: I couldn't agree more! (I strongly agree)

posibilidad: We may go to France next year para expresar deseos/esperanzas: May you both be very happy permiso: You may go when you've finished ofrecimientos: May I be of any assistance? concesin: He may be the boss, but he certainly can't treat us like that prohibicin: You may not go until you've finished!
MIGHT

posibilidad: This expedition might be quite dangerous sugerencias: You might try phoning directory inquiries pedidos: Might I borrow some money? enojos/reproches: You might at least say you're sorry! concesin: He might seem rude, but he's not really

Las diferencias crecen cuando se usan con have (could have, may have, might have). Si te fijs en la explicacin, los tres pueden usarse para expresar posibilidad (por eso el ejemplo con "podra llover maana" significa lo mismo usando cualquiera de los tres) pero cuidado que no siempre son interchangeable.

Can Indica habilidades o posibilidad. Ejemplos I can speak english (Yo s hablar ingls.)The doctor can see you at 3.00 ( El doctor le puede visitar a las tres. ) Can you speak german? (Sabes hablar alemn? ) Sintaxis afirmativa: sujeto + can + verbo negativa: sujeto + can not / can't + verbo pregunta: can + sujeto + verbo? respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + can / No, sujeto + can't

Could Es el pasado de can. Tambin se utiliza para preguntar por algo, pero ms educadamente que con can. Ejemplos

Could you speak Japonese before you went to Japan? (Sabas hablar japons antes de que fuiste a Japn?) Tony could swim when he was six. (Toni sabia nadar cuando tena seis aos. ) Could you help me? (Podra ayudarme?)

Sintaxis afirmativa: sujeto + could + verbo negativa: sujeto + could not / couldn't + verbo pregunta: could + sujeto + verbo? respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + could / No, sujeto + couldn't

May Lo utilizamos para decir que algo es posible o muy probable. Lo usamos con el presente o futuro. Tambin se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero ms educadamente que con el could. Ejemplos I may stay at home or I may go to a disco.(Puede que me quede en casa o puede que vaya a la discoteca) May I use your dictionary? (Podra usar su diccionario?) Sintaxis afirmativa: sujeto + may + verbo negativa: sujeto + may + not pregunta: may + sujeto + verbo?

Might Es el pasado de may. Tambin se usa para expresar una eventualidad pero con ms probabilidad. Ejemplos

Be careful. You might burn yourself. (Ten cuidado. Te podras quemar.)

Sintaxis afirmativa: sujeto + might + verbo negativa: sujeto + might not / mightn't

Would / would like Would se utiliza en general para las frases condicionales. Tambin lo usamos para predicciones, ofrecimientos y para preguntar por algo educadamente. Ejemplos I would like to go to London (Me gustara ir a Londres) Peter was working very hard. He would be tired tomorrow. (Peter estuvo trabajando duro. Estar cansado maana.) Would you like coffe? (Le gustara tomar caf?) Sintaxis afirmativa: sujeto + would + verbo afirmativa corta: sujeto+ 'd + verbo negativa: sujeto + would not / wouldn't+ verbo pregunta: would + sujeto + verbo? respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + would / No, sujeto + wouldn't

Usas will cuando ests segura de una accin que hars en el futuro. Por ej.: tomorrow I will go to school. May no es futuro, es una palabra que indica posibilidad, se puede usar de muchas formas. Ej.: May I use this computer? (preguntas en este caso si puedes hacer algo, como pidiendo permiso); You may say I am lazy but I work hard (aqu lo usas igual que en espaol "podrs decir que soy un vago pero trabajo mucho"). Might es el potencial de May. Es decir, lo usas como en espaol cuando decimos "podra volverse loco".

He might win a batlle without any weapons. (l podra ganar una batalla sin armas).

Going to or will When we want to talk about future facts or things we believe to be true about the future, we use 'will'.

The President will serve for four years. The boss won't be very happy. I'm sure you'll like her. I'm certain he'll do a good job.

If we are not so certain about the future, we use 'will' with expressions such as 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.

I hope you'll visit me in my home one day. She'll probably be a great success. I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time. I think we'll get on well.

If you are making a future prediction based on evidence in the present situation, use 'going to'.

Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day. Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours. The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight. Be careful! You're going to spill your coffee.

At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the decision, talk about it using 'going to'.

I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting. I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.