A (a) B (be) C (ce) D (de) E (e) F (efe)
G (ge) H (hache) I (i) J (jota) K (ca) L (ele)
ALFABETO Ll (elle) M (eme) N (ene) (ee) O (o) P(pe) DIPHTONGS ia (ee-yah) iu (ee-yoo) ie (ee-yeh) LOS NMEROS
Q (cu) R (ere) S (ese) T (te) U (u) V (uve)
W (uve doble) X (equis) Y (i griega) Z (zeta)
ai (ah-yee) au (ow) ay (ah-yee)
ei (eh-yee) eu (eh-oo) io (ee-yoh)
oi (oy) ua (wah) ue (weh)
ui (wee) uo (oo-oh)
0 (cero) 1 (uno) 2 (dos) 3 (tres) 4 (cuatro) 5 (cinco) 6 (seis) 7 (siete) 8 (ocho) 9 (nueve) 10 (diez) 11 (once) 12 (doce) 13 (trece) 14 (catorce) 15 (quince) 16 (diecisis) 17 (diecisiete) 18 (dieciocho) 19 (diecinueve) 20 (veinte) 21 (veintiuno) 22 (veintids) 30 (treinta) 31 (treinta y uno) 32 (treinta y dos) 40 (cuarenta) 50 (cincuenta) 60 (sesenta) 70 (setenta) 80 (ochenta) 90 (noventa) 100 (cien) PRONOUN Singular yo (I) t (you) l (he), ella (she), usted* (you)
1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person
Plural nosotros (we) vosotros (you) ellos (they-masc.), ellas (they-fem.), ustedes* (you)
Note: polite form for t/vosotros VERB Conjugation SER (to be) Singular Plural soy somos eres sois es son ESTAR (to be) Singular Plural estoy estamos ests estis est estn
I II III
Usos de SER (uses of SER) I. Profesin (profession) Masculino Femenino Mdico (medical doctor) Camarero (bartender) camarera profesor (professor) profesora
Masculino y femenino dependiente (storekeeper) periodista (newspaper writer) azafata (steward/ess)
peluquero (hairdresser) actor (actor) II. Religin (religion) III. Origen-identidad
peluquera actriz (actress)
secretaria (secretary)
IV. Nacionalidad (nationality) Pas (Country) Alemania Argentina Brasil Canada Chile China Corea Egipto Espaa Estados Unidos Filipinas Francia Holanda India Inglaterra Italia Japn Mxico Norte America Portugal Suecia Suiza Tailand Masculino(-o) V. Colores (colors) Blanco/a (white) Rojo (red) Verde (green) Amarillo/a (yellow) Negro/a (black) Rosa (rose/pink) Azul (blue) Naranja (orange) Gris (gray) Marrn (brown) Violeta (violet) Fusia (fuchsia) Color plata (silver) Color oro (gold) Plido (pale) VI. La hora VII. Cualidades (Qualities) Adjetivos y sus contrarios Bueno/a (good) malo/a (bad) Alto/a (tall) bajo/a (short) Mucho/a (many) poco/a (few/little) Nuevo/a (new) viejo/a (old) Gordo/a (fat) delgado/a (thin) Caro/a (expensive) barato/a (cheap) Grande (big) pequeo/a (small) Largo/a (long) corto/a (short) Rico/a (rich) pobre (poor) Jven (young) viejo/a (old) Fcil (easy) difcil (difficult) VIII. Made of IX. Posesin X. Asignaturas Nacionalidad (Nationality) Masculino Femenino alemn alemana argentino argentina brasileo brasilea canadiense canadiense chileno chilena chino china coreano coreana egipcio egipcia espaol espaola estadounidense estadounidense filipino filipina francs francesa holands holandesa indio india ingls inglesa italiano italiana japons japonesa mexicano mexicana norteamericano norteamericana portugus portuguesa sueco sueca suizo suiza tailandes tailandesa Femenino (-a) Masculino y femenino (-e)
Usos de ESTAR (Uses of ESTAR) I. Lugar a la derecha (to the right) a la izquierda (to the left) al lado (beside/to the side) al otro lado (on the other side) cerca (near) debajo (under) delante (in front) dentro (inside) detras (at the back/behind) en (in) en frente (in front) en la aula (in the classroom) en la clase (in class) en medio (in the middle) encima (on top/ above) entre (between) fuera (outside) lejos (far) por all (that way) por aqu (this way) II. Estado Fsico (Physical State) abierto/a (opened) bien (good) caliente (hot) cansado/a (tired) cerrado/a (closed) desordenado/a (disorderly) enfermo/a (sick) frio/a (cold) libre (not busy) limpio/a (clean) mal (bad) mojado/a (wet) ocupado/a (busy) ordenado/a (orderly) relajado/a (relaxed) sano/a (healthy/fit) seco/a (dry) sucio/a (dirty) III. Emocin (emotion) aburrido/a (bored) agresivo/a (aggressive) alegre (happy) animado/a (alert) asustado/a (shocked) confiado/a (confident) contento/a (contented) culpable (guilty) enamorado/a (in love) enfadado/a (angry) envidioso/a (envious) horrorizado/a (terrified) indiferente (indifferent) inocente (innocent) optimista (optimist) perezoso/a (lazy) pesimista (pessimist) sorprendido/a (surprised) tmido/a (shy) travieso/a (naughty) triste (sad) *Plural form of adjectives ending with a consonant: singular form + -ES vowel: singular form + -S PRESENT TENSE TENER (to have) HACER (to do/make)
I II III
Singular tengo tienes tiene
Plural tenemos tenis tienen
Singular hago haces hace
Plural hacemos hacis hacen
Usos de TENER I. Posesin (Possession) II. Edad (age) III. Expresines (expressions) -AR I II III Singular -o -as -a Plural -amos -is -an Singular -o -es -e -ER Plural -emos -is -en
-AR Verbs abotonar (to button) abrazar (to embrace) abusar (to abuse) acabar (to finish) acompaar (to accompany) aconsejar (to advise) acusar (to accuse) adelantar (to move ahead) admirar (to admire) adorar (to adore) adornar (to adorn) aguardar (to wait) alcanzar (to reach) alejar (to get far from) alquilar (to hire) amar (to love) apreciar (to appreciate) aprovechar (to take advantage of) arreglar (to arrange) arrojar (to throw) asegurar (to assure; to tie) aumentar (to increase) avisar (to inform) ayudar (to help) bailar (to dance) bajar (to come down) besar (to kiss) borrar (to erase) brindar (to drink a toast) buscar (to look for) callar (to be silent) caminar (to walk) cansar (to tire) cantar (to sing) cambiar (to change) cesar (to cease) charlar (to chat) cifrar (to number) clavar (to nail) cobrar (to collect) cocinar (to cook) colocar (to place) comparar (to compare) comprar (to buy) contestar (to answer) conservar (to conserve) cortar (to cut) copiar (to copy) cruzar (to cross) cuidar (to take care) declamar (to declaim) declarar (to declare) dejar (to leave) demandar (to demand) descansar (to rest)
desconfiar (to distrust) descuidar (to neglect) desear (to desire) desechar (to depreciate) desmayar (to faint) destinar (to destine) dictar (to dictate) disculpar (to excuse) disimular (to dissimulate) dudar (to doubt) empear (to pawn) emplear (to employ) encajar (to fit in) encuadernar (to bind) ensear (to teach) entrar (to enter) entregar (to deliver) enviar (to send) escapar (to escape) escuchar (to listen) esperar (to hope/wait for) estimar (to estimate) estudiar (to study) excusar (to excuse) explicar (to explain) faltar (to fail) firmar (to sign) fumar (to smoke) ganar (to gain/win) gastar (to spend) gozar (to enjoy) gritar (to shout) guisar (to cook) hablar (to talk/speak) hallar (to find) informar (to inform) importar (to import) inspirar (to inspire) invitar (to invite) juntar (to join) lavar (to wash) limpiar (to clean) llamar (to call) llegar (to arrive) llenar (to fill) llevar (to carry/wear) llorar (to cry/weep) manchar (to stain) mandar (to command) manojar (to manage) matar (to kill) mirar (to look at) mojar (to wet) molestar (to molest) montar (to mount) mudar (to remove/change) nadar (to swim) necesitar (to need) nombrar (to name) notar (to notice) ocupar (to occupy) olvidar (to forget) ordenar (to order) pagar (to pay) parar (to stop) participar (to participate) pasar (to pass by) perdonar (to pardon) pintar (to paint) pisar (to step on) planchar (to iron) plantar (to plant)
preguntar (to inquire) preparar (to prepare) presentar (to present) procurar (to procure) pronunciar (to pronounce) protestar (to protest) quedar (to remain) quitar (to take away, off) rayar (to rule) recitar (to recite) regresar (to return) repasar (to review) respirar (to breathe) sacar (to take) saltar (to jump) saludar (to greet) separar (to separate) soportar (to support) tapar (to cover) tardar (to delay) terminar (to finish) tirar (to throw away) tocar (to touch, play) tomar (to take) trabajar (to work) tratar (to try, deal) usar (to use) utilizar (to make use of) viajar (to travel) visitar (to visit) -ER verbs comer (to eat) beber (to drink) coser (to sew) correr (to run) coger (to take) leer (to read) comprender (to understand) vender (to sell) recoger (to retake/fetch) ver (to see) ARTCULO INDETERMINADO a or an Sing. Masculino un Femenino una ADJETIVOS DEMONSTRATIVOS some Plu. unos unas the Sing. Plu. el los la las Masculino Femenino
Object(s) is/are near the speaker near the one being spoken to far from both
*Hay- there is/ are ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS (yo) (t/vos) (usted/l/ella) (nosotros/as) (vosotros/as) (ustedes/ellos/ellas) La Familia Los abuelos (grandparents) Los padres (parents) my your your/his/her our your their
Sing. este ese aquel
Plu. estos esos aquellos
Sing. esta esa aquella
Plu. estas esas aquellas
Sing. mi tu su nuestro vuestro su
Masculino Plu. mis tus sus nuestros vuestros sus Femenino abuela (grandma) madre (mother)
Sing. mi tu su nuestra vuestra su
Femenino Plu. mis tus sus nuestras vuestras sus
Masculino abuelo (grandpa) padre (father)
Los Los Los Los Los Los
hijos (children) hijo (son) hija (daughter) hermanos (siblings) hermano (brother) hermana (sister) tos (uncles & aunts) to (uncle) ta (aunt) sobrinos (nephews & nieces) sobrino (nephew) sobrina (niece) primos (cousins) primo (male cousin) prima (female cousin) nietos (grandchildren) nieto (grandson) nieta (granddaughter) marido (husband) mujer (wife) El nombre Whats your name? Response Formal: Cmo se llama? (Yo) me llamo Informal: Cmo te llamas? (T) te llamas Usted/l/ella se llama Y de apellido?- And your surname? Nombre + Apellido del padre + Apellido de la madre La edad How old are you? Formal: Cuntos aos tiene? Informal: Cuntos aos tienes? General form: Cuntos aos TENER (noun/pronoun)? La nacion alidad Where do you come from? Formal: De dnde es? Informal: De dnde eres? General form: De dnde SER (noun/pronoun)? El domicil io Where do you live? Formal: Dnde vive? Informal: Dnde vives? General form: Dnde VIVIR (pronoun/noun)? La direccin (address) Calle (C/)-----------street Plaza (Pza.)--------plaza Avenida (Avda.)---avenue Nmero (N.)------number Paseo (P.) Response (Yo) tengo age aos. (Pronoun/Noun) TENER age aos. Response (Yo) soy nationality or de place. (Pronoun/Noun) SER nationality or de place. Response (Yo) vivo en place. (pronoun/noun) VIVIR en place. *Ciudad de name of place (City of name)
I call myself You call yourself You/He/She call(s) your-/him-/herself
I am age years old.
I am a nationality or from place.
I live in (place).
En qu nmero?- In what number? (pertaining to residence number) La profesin What do you do? Formal: Qu hace? Or A qu se dedica? Informal: Qu haces? Or A qu te dedicas? General form: Qu HACER (pronoun/noun)? Or A qu se/te DEDICAR (pronoun/noun)? What do you study? Qu estudias? General Form: Qu ESTUDIAR (noun/pronoun)? Where do you work? Dnde trabajas? General Form: Dnde TRABAJAR (noun/pronoun)? NOUNS Places Masculino bar (bar) banco (bank) hospital (hospital) restaurante (restaurant) colegio (college) campo (agricultural field) edificio (building)
Response (Yo) soy profession. (noun/pronoun) SER profession. Response (Yo) estudio course. (noun/pronoun) ESTUDIAR course.
I am a profession.
I study course.
Response (Yo) trabajo en article+place. (noun/pronoun) TRABAJAR en article+place.
I work in article+place.
Femenino Masculino y femenino tienda (store) escuela (school) oficina (office) universidad (university) fbrica (factory) calle (street)
*Most words that end in s, i, r, u, o, l, e are masculine while those that end in d, a, z, ion are feminine.
Things
Clothing and Apparel Masculino Femenino Baador (swimsuit) bragas (plu.; panty) Traje de bao (swimsuit) tanga (string bikini) Sujetador (bra) zapatillas de deporte (plu.; rubber shoes) Vaqueros (plu.; jeans) cremallera (blouse) Calcetines (plu.; socks) falda (skirt) Bolso (bag) sandalias (plu.; sandals) Bikini (bikini) botas (plu.; boots) Cinturn (belt) chaqueta (jacket) Guantes (plu.; gloves) pijamas (plu.; pajamas) Pauelo (handkerchief) bata (robe) Sombrero (hat) bufanda (scarf) Abrigo (overcoat) camiseta (t-shirt) Pantalones (plu.; pants) ropa interior (underwear) Pantalones cortos (plu.; shorts) Jersey (pullover) Impermeable (raincoat) Zapatos (plu.; shoes) Tenis (plu.; sneakers) Suter (sweater) Paraguas (umbrella) Chaleco (vest) A (to) + EL (the-masc.) = AL DE (of) + EL (the- masc.) = DEL Home Furnishings Femenino cortinas (plu.; curtains) ventana (window) toalla (bath towel) baera (bathtub) puerta (door) almohad (pillow) lmpara (lamp) cama (bed) silla (chair) televisin (television)
Masculino armario (closet) radio (radio)
Expressions How are you? Informal: Qu tal? Or Como estas? General form: Como ESTAR (noun/pronoun)?
Saludar (Salutation) Formal: Buenos das.- Good morning/Good day. Buenas tardes.- Good afternoon. Buenas noches.- Good evening. Informal: Hola!- hello Hola, qu tal?- hello, how are you Despedirse (Farewell) Adis!- Goodbye! Hasta maana.- See you tomorrow. Presentar (Introduction) How are you? Look. I present Preguntas (Questions) Cmo-------how Dnde------where Qu---------what Quin-------who/whom Por qu-----why Con qu----with what Cundo-----when Formal (usted) Qu tal est? Mire. Le presento
Response Buenos das. Buenas tardes. Buenas noches. Hola! Hola!
Informal (t) Qu tal ests? Mira. Te presento
De dnde---from where Cunto------how much/many A dnde-----to where A qu hora--at what time A quin------to whom A qu--------to what Cul----------which De quin----of, about, from whom Conversation What languages do you speak? Qu lenguas hablas? General form: Qu lenguas HABLAR (pronoun/noun)? Qu lengua se habla en (pais)?- What language do they speak in (country)? Cmo se dice (word) en (lengua)?- How do you say (word) in (language)? Puedes repetir, por favor?- Please repeat. Cmo se escribe?- How do you write it? Est bien as?- Is this correct? Los servicios, por favor?- Where is the comfort room? Ms alto, por favor.- Louder please. Ms despacio, por favor.- Slower please. No entiendo.- I dont understand. No s.- I dont know. Getting in tou ch What is your number? Qu es tu nmero de estudiante?- What is your student number? Qu es tu nmero de telfono movil?- What is your telephone number? Do you have a/an? Qu (nmero de) telfono TENER?- Do you have a telephone number? Qu fax TENER? Qu direccin de correo electrnico TENER? Cul es tu direccin de correo electrnico?- What is your email address? @ (at)-------------aroba . (dot)-------------punto _ (underscore)---subraya Cul es el telfono de name?- What is names telephone? Asi asi- so-so; not so good, not so bad. Bien- good Muy bien- really good Mal- bad; not feeling well Affirming and Negating (Answering yes or no) Question: Answer: S, right statement. Formal: No, (noun/pronoun) no wrong statement. right answer. Informal: No, right answer.
Response Mi nmero es. Mi nmero es. Response No TENER telfono/fax/correo electrnico. I dont have a telephone/fax/email address.