"Managed Service for Apache Spark" is the new name for the product formerly known as "Dataproc on Compute Engine" (cluster deployment) and "Google Cloud Serverless for Apache Spark" (serverless deployment).

JDBC to Cloud Spanner template

Use the Managed Service for Apache Spark JDBC to Spanner template to extract data from JDBC databases to Spanner.

This template supports the following databases as input:

MySQL
PostgreSQL
Microsoft SQL Server
Oracle

Use the template

Run the template using the gcloud CLI or Managed Service for Apache Spark API.

gcloud

Before using any of the command data below, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: Required. Your Google Cloud project ID listed in the IAM Settings.

REGION: Required. Compute Engine region.

TEMPLATE_VERSION: Required. Specify latest for the latest template version, or the date of a specific version, for example, 2023-03-17_v0.1.0-beta (visit gs://templates-binaries or run gcloud storage ls gs://templates-binaries to list available template versions).

SUBNET: Optional. If a subnet is not specified, the subnet in the specified REGION in the default network is selected.

Example: projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/subnetworks/SUBNET_NAME

JDBC_CONNECTOR_CLOUD_STORAGE_PATH: Required. The full Cloud Storage path, including the filename, where the JDBC connector jar is stored. You can use the following commands to download JDBC connectors for uploading to Cloud Storage:

MySQL:

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.tar.gz

Postgres SQL:

wget https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download/postgresql-42.2.6.jar

Microsoft SQL Server:

  
wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/microsoft/sqlserver/mssql-jdbc/6.4.0.jre8/mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar

Oracle:

wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/oracle/database/jdbc/ojdbc8/21.7.0.0/ojdbc8-21.7.0.0.jar

The following variables are used to construct the required JDBC_CONNECTION_URL:

JDBC_HOST, JDBC_PORT, JDBC_DATABASE, or, for Oracle, JDBC_SERVICE, JDBC_USERNAME, and JDBC_PASSWORD: Required. JDBC host, port, database, username, and password.

MySQL:

jdbc:mysql://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_DATABASE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

PostgreSQL:

jdbc:postgresql://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_DATABASE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

Microsoft SQL Server:

jdbc:sqlserver://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT;databaseName=JDBC_DATABASE;user=JDBC_USERNAME;password=JDBC_PASSWORD

Oracle:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@//JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_SERVICE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

DRIVER: Required. The JDBC driver which will be used for the connection:

MySQL:
```
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
```
Postgres SQL:
```
org.postgresql.Driver
```

Microsoft SQL Server:

  com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

Oracle:
```
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
```

QUERY or QUERY_FILE: Required. Set either QUERY or QUERY_FILE to specify the query to use to extract data from JDBC
INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN, LOWERBOUND, UPPERBOUND, NUM_PARTITIONS: Optional. If used, all of the following parameters must be specified:
- INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN: JDBC input table partition column name.
- LOWERBOUND: JDBC input table partition column lower bound used to determine the partition stride.
- UPPERBOUND: JDBC input table partition column upper bound used to decide the partition stride.
- NUM_PARTITIONS: The maximum number of partitions that can be used for parallelism of table reads and writes. If specified, this value is used for the JDBC input and output connection. Default: 10.
FETCHSIZE: Optional. How many rows to fetch per round trip. Default: 10.
JDBC_SESSION_INIT: Optional. Session initialization statement to read Java templates.
TEMPVIEW and SQL_QUERY: Optional. You can use these two optional parameters to apply a Spark SQL transformation while loading data into Spanner. TEMPVIEW is the temporary view name, and SQL_QUERY is the query statement. TEMPVIEW and the table name in SQL_QUERY must match.
INSTANCE: Required. Spanner instance ID.
SPANNER_DATABASE: Required. Spanner database ID.
TABLE: Required. Spanner output table name.
SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT: Required. Spanner JDBC dialect. Options: googlesql or postgresql. Defaults to googlesql.
MODE: Optional. Write mode for Spanner output. Options: Append, Overwrite, Ignore, or ErrorIfExists. Defaults to ErrorIfExists.
PRIMARY_KEY: Required. Comma separated Primary key columns needed when creating Spanner output table.
SERVICE_ACCOUNT: Optional. If not provided, the default Compute Engine service account is used.
PROPERTY and PROPERTY_VALUE: Optional. Comma-separated list of Spark property=value pairs.
LABEL and LABEL_VALUE: Optional. Comma-separated list of label=value pairs.
LOG_LEVEL: Optional. Level of logging. Can be one of ALL, DEBUG, ERROR, FATAL, INFO, OFF, TRACE, or WARN. Default: INFO.
KMS_KEY: Optional. The Cloud Key Management Service key to use for encryption. If a key is not specified, data is encrypted at rest using a Google-owned and Google-managed encryption key.
Example: projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/keyRings/KEY_RING_NAME/cryptoKeys/KEY_NAME

Execute the following command:

Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell

gcloud dataproc batches submit spark \
    --class=com.google.cloud.dataproc.templates.main.DataProcTemplate \
    --version="1.2" \
    --project="PROJECT_ID" \
    --region="REGION" \
    --jars="gs://templates-binaries/TEMPLATE_VERSION/java/templates.jar,JDBC_CONNECTOR_CLOUD_STORAGE_PATH" \
    --subnet="SUBNET" \
    --kms-key="KMS_KEY" \
    --service-account="SERVICE_ACCOUNT" \
    --properties="PROPERTY=PROPERTY_VALUE" \
    --labels="LABEL=LABEL_VALUE" \
    -- --template=JDBCTOSPANNER \
    --templateProperty log.level="LOG_LEVEL" \
    --templateProperty project.id="PROJECT_ID" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.url="JDBC_CONNECTION_URL" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.driver.class.name="DRIVER" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.fetchsize="FETCHSIZE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.sessioninitstatement="JDBC_SESSION_INIT" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql="QUERY" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.file="QUERY_FILE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.numPartitions="NUM_PARTITIONS" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.partitionColumn="INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.lowerBound="LOWERBOUND" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.upperBound="UPPERBOUND" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.instance="INSTANCE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.database="SPANNER_DATABASE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.table="TABLE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.saveMode="MODE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.primaryKey="PRIMARY_KEY" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.batch.size="BATCHSIZE" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.table="TEMPVIEW" \
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.query="SQL_QUERY" \
    --templateProperty spanner.jdbc.dialect="SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT"

Windows (PowerShell)

gcloud dataproc batches submit spark `
    --class=com.google.cloud.dataproc.templates.main.DataProcTemplate `
    --version="1.2" `
    --project="PROJECT_ID" `
    --region="REGION" `
    --jars="gs://templates-binaries/TEMPLATE_VERSION/java/templates.jar,JDBC_CONNECTOR_CLOUD_STORAGE_PATH" `
    --subnet="SUBNET" `
    --kms-key="KMS_KEY" `
    --service-account="SERVICE_ACCOUNT" `
    --properties="PROPERTY=PROPERTY_VALUE" `
    --labels="LABEL=LABEL_VALUE" `
    -- --template=JDBCTOSPANNER `
    --templateProperty log.level="LOG_LEVEL" `
    --templateProperty project.id="PROJECT_ID" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.url="JDBC_CONNECTION_URL" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.driver.class.name="DRIVER" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.fetchsize="FETCHSIZE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.sessioninitstatement="JDBC_SESSION_INIT" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql="QUERY" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.file="QUERY_FILE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.numPartitions="NUM_PARTITIONS" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.partitionColumn="INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.lowerBound="LOWERBOUND" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.upperBound="UPPERBOUND" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.instance="INSTANCE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.database="SPANNER_DATABASE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.table="TABLE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.saveMode="MODE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.primaryKey="PRIMARY_KEY" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.batch.size="BATCHSIZE" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.table="TEMPVIEW" `
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.query="SQL_QUERY" `
    --templateProperty spanner.jdbc.dialect="SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT"

Windows (cmd.exe)

gcloud dataproc batches submit spark ^
    --class=com.google.cloud.dataproc.templates.main.DataProcTemplate ^
    --version="1.2" ^
    --project="PROJECT_ID" ^
    --region="REGION" ^
    --jars="gs://templates-binaries/TEMPLATE_VERSION/java/templates.jar,JDBC_CONNECTOR_CLOUD_STORAGE_PATH" ^
    --subnet="SUBNET" ^
    --kms-key="KMS_KEY" ^
    --service-account="SERVICE_ACCOUNT" ^
    --properties="PROPERTY=PROPERTY_VALUE" ^
    --labels="LABEL=LABEL_VALUE" ^
    -- --template=JDBCTOSPANNER ^
    --templateProperty log.level="LOG_LEVEL" ^
    --templateProperty project.id="PROJECT_ID" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.url="JDBC_CONNECTION_URL" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.driver.class.name="DRIVER" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.fetchsize="FETCHSIZE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.jdbc.sessioninitstatement="JDBC_SESSION_INIT" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql="QUERY" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.file="QUERY_FILE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.numPartitions="NUM_PARTITIONS" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.partitionColumn="INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.lowerBound="LOWERBOUND" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.sql.upperBound="UPPERBOUND" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.instance="INSTANCE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.database="SPANNER_DATABASE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.table="TABLE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.saveMode="MODE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.primaryKey="PRIMARY_KEY" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.output.batch.size="BATCHSIZE" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.table="TEMPVIEW" ^
    --templateProperty jdbctospanner.temp.query="SQL_QUERY" ^
    --templateProperty spanner.jdbc.dialect="SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT"

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: Required. Your Google Cloud project ID listed in the IAM Settings.

REGION: Required. Compute Engine region.

SUBNET: Optional. If a subnet is not specified, the subnet in the specified REGION in the default network is selected.

Example: projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/subnetworks/SUBNET_NAME

MySQL:

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.tar.gz

Postgres SQL:

wget https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download/postgresql-42.2.6.jar

Microsoft SQL Server:

  
wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/microsoft/sqlserver/mssql-jdbc/6.4.0.jre8/mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar

Oracle:

wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/oracle/database/jdbc/ojdbc8/21.7.0.0/ojdbc8-21.7.0.0.jar

The following variables are used to construct the required JDBC_CONNECTION_URL:

JDBC_HOST, JDBC_PORT, JDBC_DATABASE, or, for Oracle, JDBC_SERVICE, JDBC_USERNAME, and JDBC_PASSWORD: Required. JDBC host, port, database, username, and password.

MySQL:

jdbc:mysql://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_DATABASE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

PostgreSQL:

jdbc:postgresql://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_DATABASE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

Microsoft SQL Server:

jdbc:sqlserver://JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT;databaseName=JDBC_DATABASE;user=JDBC_USERNAME;password=JDBC_PASSWORD

Oracle:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@//JDBC_HOST:JDBC_PORT/JDBC_SERVICE?user=JDBC_USERNAME&password=JDBC_PASSWORD

DRIVER: Required. The JDBC driver which will be used for the connection:

MySQL:
```
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
```
Postgres SQL:
```
org.postgresql.Driver
```

Microsoft SQL Server:

  com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

Oracle:
```
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
```

QUERY or QUERY_FILE: Required. Set either QUERY or QUERY_FILE to specify the query to use to extract data from JDBC
INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN, LOWERBOUND, UPPERBOUND, NUM_PARTITIONS: Optional. If used, all of the following parameters must be specified:
- INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN: JDBC input table partition column name.
- LOWERBOUND: JDBC input table partition column lower bound used to determine the partition stride.
- UPPERBOUND: JDBC input table partition column upper bound used to decide the partition stride.
- NUM_PARTITIONS: The maximum number of partitions that can be used for parallelism of table reads and writes. If specified, this value is used for the JDBC input and output connection. Default: 10.
FETCHSIZE: Optional. How many rows to fetch per round trip. Default: 10.
JDBC_SESSION_INIT: Optional. Session initialization statement to read Java templates.
TEMPVIEW and SQL_QUERY: Optional. You can use these two optional parameters to apply a Spark SQL transformation while loading data into Spanner. TEMPVIEW is the temporary view name, and SQL_QUERY is the query statement. TEMPVIEW and the table name in SQL_QUERY must match.
INSTANCE: Required. Spanner instance ID.
SPANNER_DATABASE: Required. Spanner database ID.
TABLE: Required. Spanner output table name.
SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT: Required. Spanner JDBC dialect. Options: googlesql or postgresql. Defaults to googlesql.
MODE: Optional. Write mode for Spanner output. Options: Append, Overwrite, Ignore, or ErrorIfExists. Defaults to ErrorIfExists.
PRIMARY_KEY: Required. Comma separated Primary key columns needed when creating Spanner output table.
SERVICE_ACCOUNT: Optional. If not provided, the default Compute Engine service account is used.
PROPERTY and PROPERTY_VALUE: Optional. Comma-separated list of Spark property=value pairs.
LABEL and LABEL_VALUE: Optional. Comma-separated list of label=value pairs.
LOG_LEVEL: Optional. Level of logging. Can be one of ALL, DEBUG, ERROR, FATAL, INFO, OFF, TRACE, or WARN. Default: INFO.
KMS_KEY: Optional. The Cloud Key Management Service key to use for encryption. If a key is not specified, data is encrypted at rest using a Google-owned and Google-managed encryption key.
Example: projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/keyRings/KEY_RING_NAME/cryptoKeys/KEY_NAME

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://dataproc.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/batches

Request JSON body:


{
  "environmentConfig": {
    "executionConfig": {
      "subnetworkUri": "SUBNET",
      "kmsKey": "KMS_KEY",
      "serviceAccount": "SERVICE_ACCOUNT"
    }
  },
  "labels": {
    "LABEL": "LABEL_VALUE"
  },
  "runtimeConfig": {
    "version": "1.2",
    "properties": {
      "PROPERTY": "PROPERTY_VALUE"
    }
  },
  "sparkBatch": {
    "mainClass": "com.google.cloud.dataproc.templates.main.DataProcTemplate",
    "args": [
      "--template","JDBCTOSPANNER",
      "--templateProperty","log.level=LOG_LEVEL",
      "--templateProperty","project.id=PROJECT_ID",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.jdbc.url=JDBC_CONNECTION_URL",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.jdbc.driver.class.name=DRIVER",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.jdbc.fetchsize=FETCHSIZE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.jdbc.sessioninitstatement=JDBC_SESSION_INIT",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql=QUERY",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql.file=QUERY_FILE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql.numPartitions=NUM_PARTITIONS",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql.partitionColumn=INPUT_PARTITION_COLUMN",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql.lowerBound=LOWERBOUND",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.sql.upperBound=UPPERBOUND",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.instance=INSTANCE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.database=SPANNER_DATABASE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.table=TABLE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.saveMode=MODE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.primaryKey=PRIMARY_KEY",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.output.batch.size=BATCHSIZE",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.temp.table=TEMPVIEW",
      "--templateProperty","jdbctospanner.temp.query=SQL_QUERY",
      "--templateProperty spanner.jdbc.dialect=SPANNER_JDBC_DIALECT"
    ],
    "jarFileUris": [
      "gs://templates-binaries/TEMPLATE_VERSION/java/templates.jar"
    ]
  }
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login , or by using Cloud Shell, which automatically logs you into the gcloud CLI . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://dataproc.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/batches"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://dataproc.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/batches" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:


{
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/operations/OPERATION_ID",
  "metadata": {
    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.dataproc.v1.BatchOperationMetadata",
    "batch": "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/batches/BATCH_ID",
    "batchUuid": "de8af8d4-3599-4a7c-915c-798201ed1583",
    "createTime": "2023-02-24T03:31:03.440329Z",
    "operationType": "BATCH",
    "description": "Batch"
  }
}

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Last updated 2026-07-22 UTC.