Multi-region deployment

GKE

• When installing multi-region Apigee deployments between different networks (e.g. different cloud providers, different VPC networks, cloud and on-prem, etc), you must provide internal connectivity between these separate networks that Cassandra can use to communicate between nodes. This can be accomplished with VPNs or cloud-specific connectivity solutions.
• Set up Kubernetes clusters in multiple regions with different CIDR blocks
• Make sure cert-manager is installed in each cluster
• Make sure ASM is installed
• Set up cross-region communication
• Cassandra Multi Region requirements:
  • Make sure the pod network namespace has connectivity across the regions, including firewalls, vpn, vpc peering and vNet peering. This is the case for most GKE installations.
  • If the pod network namespace does not have connectivity between clusters (the clusters are running in "island network mode"), enable the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature by setting cassandra.hostNetwork: true in the overrides file for all of the regions in your Apigee hybrid multi-regions installation.

    For information on the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature, see Host namespaces in the Kubernetes documentation.

  • Enable hostNetwork on existing clusters before expanding your multi-region configuration to new regions.
  • When hostNetwork is enabled, make sure worker nodes can perform reverse DNS lookup. Apigee cassandra uses both forward and reverse DNS lookup to obtain the host IP while starting.
  • Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

For detailed information, see Kubernetes documentation.

GKE on-prem

• When installing multi-region Apigee deployments between different networks (e.g. different cloud providers, different VPC networks, cloud and on-prem, etc), you must provide internal connectivity between these separate networks that Cassandra can use to communicate between nodes. This can be accomplished with VPNs or cloud-specific connectivity solutions.
• Set up Kubernetes clusters in multiple regions with different CIDR blocks
• Make sure cert-manager is installed in each cluster
• Make sure ASM is installed
• Set up cross-region communication
• Cassandra Multi Region requirements:
  • If the pod network namespace does not have connectivity between clusters (the clusters are running in "island network mode", the default case in GKE on-prem installations), enable the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature by setting cassandra.hostNetwork: true in the overrides file for all of the regions in your Apigee hybrid multi-regions installation.

    For information on the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature, see Host namespaces in the Kubernetes documentation.

  • Enable hostNetwork on existing clusters before expanding your multi-region configuration to new regions.
  • When hostNetwork is enabled, make sure worker nodes can perform reverse DNS lookup. Apigee cassandra uses both forward and reverse DNS lookup to obtain the host IP while starting.
  • Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

For detailed information, see Kubernetes documentation.

AKS

• When installing multi-region Apigee deployments between different networks (e.g. different cloud providers, different VPC networks, cloud and on-prem, etc), you must provide internal connectivity between these separate networks that Cassandra can use to communicate between nodes. This can be accomplished with VPNs or cloud-specific connectivity solutions.
• Follow the hybrid installation guide for any prerequisites like Google Cloud and org configuration before moving to cluster setup steps.
• Make sure cert-manager is installed in each cluster
• Make sure ASM is installed
• Cassandra Multi Region requirements:
  • If the pod network namespace does not have connectivity between clusters (the clusters are running in "island network mode", the default case in AKS installations), enable the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature by setting cassandra.hostNetwork: true in the overrides file for all of the regions in your Apigee hybrid multi-regions installation.

    For information on the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature, see Host namespaces in the Kubernetes documentation.

  • Enable hostNetwork on existing clusters before expanding your multi-region configuration to new regions.
  • When hostNetwork is enabled, make sure worker nodes can perform reverse DNS lookup. Apigee cassandra uses both forward and reverse DNS lookup to obtain the host IP while starting.
  • Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

For detailed information, see Kubernetes documentation.

EKS

• When installing multi-region Apigee deployments between different networks (e.g. different cloud providers, different VPC networks, cloud and on-prem, etc), you must provide internal connectivity between these separate networks that Cassandra can use to communicate between nodes. This can be accomplished with VPNs or cloud-specific connectivity solutions.
• Follow the hybrid installation guide for any prerequisites like Google Cloud and org configuration before moving to cluster setup steps.
• Make sure cert-manager is installed in each cluster
• Make sure ASM is installed
• Cassandra Multi Region requirements:
  • If the pod network namespace does not have connectivity between clusters (the clusters are running in "island network mode"), enable the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature by setting cassandra.hostNetwork: true in the overrides file for all of the regions in your Apigee hybrid multi-regions installation. Amazon EKS uses fully integrated by default.

    For information on the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature, see Host namespaces in the Kubernetes documentation.

  • Enable hostNetwork on existing clusters before expanding your multi-region configuration to new regions.
  • When hostNetwork is enabled, make sure worker nodes can perform reverse DNS lookup. Apigee cassandra uses both forward and reverse DNS lookup to obtain the host IP while starting.
  • Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

For detailed information, see Kubernetes documentation.

OpenShift

• When installing multi-region Apigee deployments between different networks (e.g. different cloud providers, different VPC networks, cloud and on-prem, etc), you must provide internal connectivity between these separate networks that Cassandra can use to communicate between nodes. This can be accomplished with VPNs or cloud-specific connectivity solutions.
• Follow the hybrid installation guide for any prerequisites like Google Cloud and org configuration before moving to cluster setup steps.
• Make sure cert-manager is installed in each cluster
• Make sure ASM is installed
• Cassandra Multi Region requirements:
  • If the pod network namespace does not have connectivity between clusters (the clusters are running in "island network mode", the default case in OpenShift installations), enable the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature by setting cassandra.hostNetwork: true in the overrides file for all of the regions in your Apigee hybrid multi-regions installation.

    For information on the Kubernetes hostNetwork feature, see Host namespaces in the Kubernetes documentation.

  • Enable hostNetwork on existing clusters before expanding your multi-region configuration to new regions.
  • When hostNetwork is enabled, make sure worker nodes can perform reverse DNS lookup. Apigee cassandra uses both forward and reverse DNS lookup to obtain the host IP while starting.
  • Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

For detailed information, see Kubernetes documentation.

GKE

Configure the multi-region seed host

This section describes how to expand the existing Cassandra cluster to a new region. This setup allows the new region to bootstrap the cluster and join the existing data center. Without this configuration, the multi-region Kubernetes clusters would not know about each other.

1. Set the kubectl context to the original cluster before retrieving the seed name:

   kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

2. Run the following kubectl command to identify a seed host address for Cassandra in the current region.

   A seed host address allows a new regional instance to find the original cluster on the very first startup to learn the topology of the cluster. The seed host address is designated as the contact point in the cluster.

   kubectl get pods -o wide -n apigee

   NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP          NODE                                          NOMINATED NODE
   apigee-cassandra-default-0        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.0.11   gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-a2206492-p55d
   apigee-cassandra-default-1        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.2.4    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e9daaab3-tjmz
   apigee-cassandra-default-2        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.3.5    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e589awq3-kjch

3. Decide which of the IPs returned from the previous command will be the multi-region seed host.
4. In data center 2, configure cassandra.multiRegionSeedHost and cassandra.datacenter in Manage runtime plane components, where multiRegionSeedHost is one of the IPs returned by the previous command:

   cassandra:
     multiRegionSeedHost: seed_host_IP
     datacenter: data_center_name
     rack: rack_name
     hostNetwork: false

   For example:

   cassandra:
     multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11
     datacenter: "dc-1"
     rack: "ra-1"
     hostNetwork: false

5. In the new data center/region, before you install hybrid, set the same TLS certificates and credentials in overrides.yaml as you set in the first region.

Set up the new region

After you configure the seed host, you can set up the new region.

To set up the new region:

1. Copy your certificate from the existing cluster to the new cluster. The new CA root is used by Cassandra and other hybrid components for mTLS. Therefore, it is essential to have consistent certificates across the cluster.
   1. Set the context to the original namespace:

      kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

   2. Export the current namespace configuration to a file:

      kubectl get namespace namespace -o yaml > apigee-namespace.yaml

   3. Export the apigee-ca secret to a file:

      kubectl -n cert-manager get secret apigee-ca -o yaml > apigee-ca.yaml

   4. Set the context to the new region's cluster name:

      kubectl config use-context new-cluster-name

   5. Import the namespace configuration to the new cluster. Be sure to update the "namespace" in the file if you're using a different namespace in the new region:

      kubectl apply -f apigee-namespace.yaml

   6. Import the secret to the new cluster:

      kubectl -n cert-manager apply -f apigee-ca.yaml

2. Install hybrid in the new region. Be sure that the overrides-DC_name.yaml file includes the same TLS certificates that are configured in the first region, as explained in the previous section.

   Execute the following two commands to install hybrid in the new region:

   apigeectl init -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

3. Verify the hybrid installation is successful by running the following command:

   apigeectl check-ready -f overrides_DC_name.yaml

4. Verify the Cassandra cluster setup by running the following command. The output should show both the existing and new data centers.

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  \
     -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   Example showing a successful setup:

   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.87.93   68.07 GiB  256     ?     fb51465c-167a-42f7-98c9-b6eba1de34de  c
   UN  10.132.84.94   69.9 GiB   256     ?     f621a5ac-e7ee-48a9-9a14-73d69477c642  b
   UN  10.132.84.105  76.95 GiB  256     ?     0561086f-e95b-4232-ba6c-ad519ff30336  d
   
   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.0.8     71.61 GiB  256     ?     8894a98b-8406-45de-99e2-f404ab10b5d6  c
   UN  10.132.9.204   75.1 GiB   256     ?     afa0ffa3-630b-4f1e-b46f-fc3df988092e  a
   UN  10.132.3.133   68.08 GiB  256     ?     25ae39ab-b39e-4d4f-9cb7-de095ab873db  b

5. Set up Cassandra on all the pods in the new data centers.
   1. Get apigeeorg from the cluster with the following command:

      kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      

      For example:

      Ex: kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      "rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c"
      

   2. Create a cassandra data replication custom resource (YAML) file. The file can have any name. In the following examples the file will have the name datareplication.yaml.

      The file must contain the following:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: REGION_EXPANSION
        namespace: NAMESPACE
      spec:
        organizationRef: APIGEEORG_VALUE
        force: false
        source:
          region: SOURCE_REGION

      Where:

      • REGION_EXPANSION is the name you are giving this metadata. You can use any name.
      • NAMESPACE is the same namespace that is provided in overrides.yaml. This is usually "apigee".
      • APIGEEORG_VALUE is the value output from the kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name command in the previous step. For example, rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
      • SOURCE_REGION is the datacenter name in the source region. This is the value set for cassandra:datacenter: in your overrides.yaml.

      For example:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: region-expansion
        namespace: apigee
      spec:
        organizationRef: rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
        force: false
        source:
          region: "dc-1"

   3. Apply the CassandraDataReplication with the following command:

      kubectl apply -f datareplication.yaml

   4. Verify the rebuild status using the following command.

      kubectl -n apigee get apigeeds -o json | jq .items[].status.cassandraDataReplication

      The results should look something like:

      {
        "rebuildDetails": {
          "apigee-cassandra-default-0": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105760
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-1": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105765
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-2": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105770
          }
        },
        "state": "complete",
        "updated": 1623105770
      }

6. Verify the rebuild processes from the logs. Also, verify the data size using the nodetool status command:

   kubectl logs apigee-cassandra-default-0 -f -n apigee

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   The following example shows example log entries:

   INFO  01:42:24 rebuild from dc: dc-1, (All keyspaces), (All tokens)
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Executing streaming plan for Rebuild
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.432KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.1.45 is complete
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.693KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.4.36 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 3 files(0.720KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.5.22 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] All sessions completed

7. Update the seed hosts. Remove multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11 from overrides-DC_name.yaml and reapply.

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

Check the Cassandra cluster status

The following command is useful to see if the cluster setup is successful in two data centers. The command checks the nodetool status for the two regions.

kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status


Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.12.1.45  112.09 KiB  256          100.0%            3c98c816-3f4d-48f0-9717-03d0c998637f  ra-1
UN  10.12.4.36  95.27 KiB  256          100.0%            0a36383d-1d9e-41e2-924c-7b62be12d6cc  ra-1
UN  10.12.5.22  88.7 KiB   256          100.0%            3561f4fa-af3d-4ea4-93b2-79ac7e938201  ra-1
Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.0.4.33   78.69 KiB  256          0.0%              a200217d-260b-45cd-b83c-182b27ff4c99  ra-1
UN  10.0.0.21   78.68 KiB  256          0.0%              9f3364b9-a7a1-409c-9356-b7d1d312e52b  ra-1
UN  10.0.1.26   15.46 KiB  256          0.0%              1666df0f-702e-4c5b-8b6e-086d0f2e47fa  ra-1

GKE on-prem

Configure the multi-region seed host

This section describes how to expand the existing Cassandra cluster to a new region. This setup allows the new region to bootstrap the cluster and join the existing data center. Without this configuration, the multi-region Kubernetes clusters would not know about each other.

1. In the overrides.yaml file for your original cluster, make sure cassandra:hostNetwork is set to true. For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true

   See Prerequisites for more information about when to set hostNetwork: true.

2. If the cassandra:hostNetwork is not set to true, do the following:
   1. Change cassandra.hostNetwork to true.
   2. Apply the overrides.yaml config file with the command:

      apigeectl apply -f overrides.yaml --datastore
      

   3. Wait for the Cassandra pods to complete a rolling restart.

   4. Verify the Cassandra cluster is healthy with the following commands:

      kubectl exec -it -n apigee apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- /bin/bash
      

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD status
      

      Make sure all Cassandra nodes in the output are in UN (Up/Normal) status:

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD describecluster
      

      Make sure there are no unreachable nodes listed in the output.

3. Set the kubectl context to the original cluster before retrieving the seed name:

   kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

4. Run the following kubectl command to identify a seed host address for Cassandra in the current region.

   A seed host address allows a new regional instance to find the original cluster on the very first startup to learn the topology of the cluster. The seed host address is designated as the contact point in the cluster.

   kubectl get pods -o wide -n apigee

   NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP          NODE                                          NOMINATED NODE
   apigee-cassandra-default-0        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.0.11   gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-a2206492-p55d
   apigee-cassandra-default-1        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.2.4    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e9daaab3-tjmz
   apigee-cassandra-default-2        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.3.5    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e589awq3-kjch

5. Decide which of the IPs returned from the previous command will be the multi-region seed host.
6. In data center 2, configure cassandra.multiRegionSeedHost in your overrides file, where multiRegionSeedHost is one of the IPs returned by the previous command:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true
     multiRegionSeedHost: seed_host_IP
     datacenter: data_center_name

   For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true
     multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11
     datacenter: "dc-1"

7. In the new data center/region, before you install hybrid, set the same TLS certificates and credentials in overrides.yaml as you set in the first region.

Set up the new region

After you configure the seed host, you can set up the new region.

To set up the new region:

1. Copy your certificate from the existing cluster to the new cluster. The new CA root is used by Cassandra and other hybrid components for mTLS. Therefore, it is essential to have consistent certificates across the cluster.
   1. Set the context to the original namespace:

      kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

   2. Export the current namespace configuration to a file:

      kubectl get namespace namespace -o yaml > apigee-namespace.yaml

   3. Export the apigee-ca secret to a file:

      kubectl -n cert-manager get secret apigee-ca -o yaml > apigee-ca.yaml

   4. Set the context to the new region's cluster name:

      kubectl config use-context new-cluster-name

   5. Import the namespace configuration to the new cluster. Be sure to update the "namespace" in the file if you're using a different namespace in the new region:

      kubectl apply -f apigee-namespace.yaml

   6. Import the secret to the new cluster:

      kubectl -n cert-manager apply -f apigee-ca.yaml

2. Install hybrid in the new region. Be sure that the overrides-DC_name.yaml file includes the same TLS certificates that are configured in the first region, as explained in the previous section.

   Execute the following two commands to install hybrid in the new region:

   apigeectl init -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

3. Verify the hybrid installation is successful by running the following command:

   apigeectl check-ready -f overrides_DC_name.yaml

4. Verify the Cassandra cluster setup by running the following command. The output should show both the existing and new data centers.

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  \
     -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   Example showing a successful setup:

   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.87.93   68.07 GiB  256     ?     fb51465c-167a-42f7-98c9-b6eba1de34de  c
   UN  10.132.84.94   69.9 GiB   256     ?     f621a5ac-e7ee-48a9-9a14-73d69477c642  b
   UN  10.132.84.105  76.95 GiB  256     ?     0561086f-e95b-4232-ba6c-ad519ff30336  d
   
   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.0.8     71.61 GiB  256     ?     8894a98b-8406-45de-99e2-f404ab10b5d6  c
   UN  10.132.9.204   75.1 GiB   256     ?     afa0ffa3-630b-4f1e-b46f-fc3df988092e  a
   UN  10.132.3.133   68.08 GiB  256     ?     25ae39ab-b39e-4d4f-9cb7-de095ab873db  b

5. Set up Cassandra on all the pods in the new data centers.
   1. Get apigeeorg from the cluster with the following command:

      kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      

      For example:

      Ex: kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      "rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c"
      

   2. Create a cassandra data replication custom resource (YAML) file. The file can have any name. In the following examples the file will have the name datareplication.yaml.

      The file must contain the following:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: REGION_EXPANSION
        namespace: NAMESPACE
      spec:
        organizationRef: APIGEEORG_VALUE
        force: false
        source:
          region: SOURCE_REGION

      Where:

      • REGION_EXPANSION is the name you are giving this metadata. You can use any name.
      • NAMESPACE is the same namespace that is provided in overrides.yaml. This is usually "apigee".
      • APIGEEORG_VALUE is the value output from the kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name command in the previous step. For example, rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
      • SOURCE_REGION is the datacenter name in the source region. This is the value set for cassandra:datacenter: in your overrides.yaml.

      For example:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: region-expansion
        namespace: apigee
      spec:
        organizationRef: rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
        force: false
        source:
          region: "dc-1"

   3. Apply the CassandraDataReplication with the following command:

      kubectl apply -f datareplication.yaml

   4. Verify the rebuild status using the following command.

      kubectl -n apigee get apigeeds -o json | jq .items[].status.cassandraDataReplication

      The results should look something like:

      {
        "rebuildDetails": {
          "apigee-cassandra-default-0": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105760
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-1": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105765
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-2": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105770
          }
        },
        "state": "complete",
        "updated": 1623105770
      }

6. Verify the rebuild processes from the logs. Also, verify the data size using the nodetool status command:

   kubectl logs apigee-cassandra-default-0 -f -n apigee

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   The following example shows example log entries:

   INFO  01:42:24 rebuild from dc: dc-1, (All keyspaces), (All tokens)
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Executing streaming plan for Rebuild
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.432KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.1.45 is complete
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.693KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.4.36 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 3 files(0.720KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.5.22 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] All sessions completed

7. Update the seed hosts. Remove multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11 from overrides-DC_name.yaml and reapply.

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

Check the Cassandra cluster status

The following command is useful to see if the cluster setup is successful in two data centers. The command checks the nodetool status for the two regions.

kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status


Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.12.1.45  112.09 KiB  256          100.0%            3c98c816-3f4d-48f0-9717-03d0c998637f  ra-1
UN  10.12.4.36  95.27 KiB  256          100.0%            0a36383d-1d9e-41e2-924c-7b62be12d6cc  ra-1
UN  10.12.5.22  88.7 KiB   256          100.0%            3561f4fa-af3d-4ea4-93b2-79ac7e938201  ra-1
Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.0.4.33   78.69 KiB  256          0.0%              a200217d-260b-45cd-b83c-182b27ff4c99  ra-1
UN  10.0.0.21   78.68 KiB  256          0.0%              9f3364b9-a7a1-409c-9356-b7d1d312e52b  ra-1
UN  10.0.1.26   15.46 KiB  256          0.0%              1666df0f-702e-4c5b-8b6e-086d0f2e47fa  ra-1

AKS

Create a virtual network in each region

Follow the Azure recommendations for establishing cross-region communication here: VNet-to-VNet: Connecting Virtual Networks in Azure across Different Regions.

Create multi-regional clusters

Set up Kubernetes clusters in multiple regions with different CIDR blocks. See also Step 1: Create a cluster. Use the locations and virtual network names you created previously.

Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

Configure the multi-region seed host

This section describes how to expand the existing Cassandra cluster to a new region. This setup allows the new region to bootstrap the cluster and join the existing data center. Without this configuration, the multi-region Kubernetes clusters would not know about each other.

1. In the overrides.yaml file for your original cluster, make sure cassandra:hostNetwork is set to true. For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true

   See Prerequisites for more information about when to set hostNetwork: true.

2. If the cassandra:hostNetwork is not set to true, do the following:
   1. Change cassandra.hostNetwork to true.
   2. Apply the overrides.yaml config file with the command:

      apigeectl apply -f overrides.yaml --datastore
      

   3. Wait for the Cassandra pods to complete a rolling restart.

   4. Verify the Cassandra cluster is healthy with the following commands:

      kubectl exec -it -n apigee apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- /bin/bash
      

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD status
      

      Make sure all Cassandra nodes in the output are in UN (Up/Normal) status:

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD describecluster
      

      Make sure there are no unreachable nodes listed in the output.

3. Set the kubectl context to the original cluster before retrieving the seed name:

   kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

4. Run the following kubectl command to identify a seed host address for Cassandra in the current region.

   A seed host address allows a new regional instance to find the original cluster on the very first startup to learn the topology of the cluster. The seed host address is designated as the contact point in the cluster.

   kubectl get pods -o wide -n apigee | grep apigee-cassandra

   apigee-cassandra-default-0  1/1   Running   0   4d17h   120.38.1.9  aks-agentpool-21207753-vmss000000

5. Decide which of the IPs returned from the previous command will be the multi-region seed host. In this example, where only a single node cassandra cluster is running, the seed host is 120.38.1.9.
6. In data center 2, copy your overrides file to a new file whose name includes the cluster name. For example, overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml.
7. In data center 2, configure cassandra.multiRegionSeedHost and cassandra.datacenter in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml, where multiRegionSeedHost is one of the IPs returned by the previous command:

   cassandra:
        multiRegionSeedHost: seed_host_IP
        datacenter: data_center_name
        rack: rack_name
        hostNetwork: true

   For example:

   cassandra:
     multiRegionSeedHost: 120.38.1.9
     datacenter: "dc-1"
     rack: "ra-1"
     hostNetwork: true

8. In the new data center/region, before you install hybrid, set the same TLS certificates and credentials in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml as you set in the first region.

Set up the new region

After you configure the seed host, you can set up the new region.

To set up the new region:

1. Copy your certificate from the existing cluster to the new cluster. The new CA root is used by Cassandra and other hybrid components for mTLS. Therefore, it is essential to have consistent certificates across the cluster.
   1. Set the context to the original namespace:

      kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

   2. Export the current namespace configuration to a file:

      kubectl get namespace namespace -o yaml > apigee-namespace.yaml

   3. Export the apigee-ca secret to a file:

      kubectl -n cert-manager get secret apigee-ca -o yaml > apigee-ca.yaml

   4. Set the context to the new region's cluster name:

      kubectl config use-context new-cluster-name

   5. Import the namespace configuration to the new cluster. Be sure to update the "namespace" in the file if you're using a different namespace in the new region:

      kubectl apply -f apigee-namespace.yaml

   6. Import the secret to the new cluster:

      kubectl -n cert-manager apply -f apigee-ca.yaml

2. Install hybrid in the new region. Be sure that the overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml file includes the same TLS certificates that are configured in the first region, as explained in the previous section.

   Execute the following two commands to install hybrid in the new region:

   apigeectl init -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

   apigeectl apply -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

3. Verify the hybrid installation is successful by running the following command:

   apigeectl check-ready -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

4. Verify the Cassandra cluster setup by running the following command. The output should show both the existing and new data centers.

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  \
     -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   Example showing a successful setup:

   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.87.93   68.07 GiB  256     ?     fb51465c-167a-42f7-98c9-b6eba1de34de  c
   UN  10.132.84.94   69.9 GiB   256     ?     f621a5ac-e7ee-48a9-9a14-73d69477c642  b
   UN  10.132.84.105  76.95 GiB  256     ?     0561086f-e95b-4232-ba6c-ad519ff30336  d
   
   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.0.8     71.61 GiB  256     ?     8894a98b-8406-45de-99e2-f404ab10b5d6  c
   UN  10.132.9.204   75.1 GiB   256     ?     afa0ffa3-630b-4f1e-b46f-fc3df988092e  a
   UN  10.132.3.133   68.08 GiB  256     ?     25ae39ab-b39e-4d4f-9cb7-de095ab873db  b

5. Set up Cassandra on all the pods in the new data centers.
   1. Get apigeeorg from the cluster with the following command:

      kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      

      For example:

      Ex: kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      "rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c"
      

   2. Create a cassandra data replication custom resource (YAML) file. The file can have any name. In the following examples the file will have the name datareplication.yaml.

      The file must contain the following:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: REGION_EXPANSION
        namespace: NAMESPACE
      spec:
        organizationRef: APIGEEORG_VALUE
        force: false
        source:
          region: SOURCE_REGION

      Where:

      • REGION_EXPANSION is the name you are giving this metadata. You can use any name.
      • NAMESPACE is the same namespace that is provided in overrides.yaml. This is usually "apigee".
      • APIGEEORG_VALUE is the value output from the kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name command in the previous step. For example, rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
      • SOURCE_REGION is the datacenter name in the source region. This is the value set for cassandra:datacenter: in your overrides.yaml.

      For example:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: region-expansion
        namespace: apigee
      spec:
        organizationRef: rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
        force: false
        source:
          region: "dc-1"

   3. Apply the CassandraDataReplication with the following command:

      kubectl apply -f datareplication.yaml

   4. Verify the rebuild status using the following command.

      kubectl -n apigee get apigeeds -o json | jq .items[].status.cassandraDataReplication

      The results should look something like:

      {
        "rebuildDetails": {
          "apigee-cassandra-default-0": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105760
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-1": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105765
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-2": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105770
          }
        },
        "state": "complete",
        "updated": 1623105770
      }

6. Verify the rebuild processes from the logs. Also, verify the data size using the nodetool status command:

   kubectl logs apigee-cassandra-default-0 -f -n apigee

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   The following example shows example log entries:

   INFO  01:42:24 rebuild from dc: dc-1, (All keyspaces), (All tokens)
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Executing streaming plan for Rebuild
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.432KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.1.45 is complete
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.693KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.4.36 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 3 files(0.720KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.5.22 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] All sessions completed

7. Update the seed hosts. Remove multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11 from overrides-DC_name.yaml and reapply.

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

Check the Cassandra cluster status

The following command is useful to see if the cluster setup is successful in two data centers. The command checks the nodetool status for the two regions.

kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status


Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.12.1.45  112.09 KiB  256          100.0%            3c98c816-3f4d-48f0-9717-03d0c998637f  ra-1
UN  10.12.4.36  95.27 KiB  256          100.0%            0a36383d-1d9e-41e2-924c-7b62be12d6cc  ra-1
UN  10.12.5.22  88.7 KiB   256          100.0%            3561f4fa-af3d-4ea4-93b2-79ac7e938201  ra-1
Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.0.4.33   78.69 KiB  256          0.0%              a200217d-260b-45cd-b83c-182b27ff4c99  ra-1
UN  10.0.0.21   78.68 KiB  256          0.0%              9f3364b9-a7a1-409c-9356-b7d1d312e52b  ra-1
UN  10.0.1.26   15.46 KiB  256          0.0%              1666df0f-702e-4c5b-8b6e-086d0f2e47fa  ra-1

EKS

Create a virtual network in each region

Follow the AWS recommendations for establishing cross-region communication as described in: What is VPC peering?. The AWS term for using different regions is inter-Region VPC peering.

Create multi-regional clusters

Set up Kubernetes clusters in multiple regions with different CIDR blocks. See also Step 1: Create a cluster. Use the locations and virtual network names you created previously.

Open Cassandra ports between Kubernetes clusters across all regions to enable worker nodes across regions and datacenters to communicate. See Configure ports for the Cassandra port numbers.

Configure the multi-region seed host

This section describes how to expand the existing Cassandra cluster to a new region. This setup allows the new region to bootstrap the cluster and join the existing data center. Without this configuration, the multi-region Kubernetes clusters would not know about each other.

1. In the overrides.yaml file for your original cluster, make sure cassandra:hostNetwork is set to true. For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true

   See Prerequisites for more information about when to set hostNetwork: true.

2. If the cassandra:hostNetwork is not set to true, do the following:
   1. Change cassandra.hostNetwork to true.
   2. Apply the overrides.yaml config file with the command:

      apigeectl apply -f overrides.yaml --datastore
      

   3. Wait for the Cassandra pods to complete a rolling restart.

   4. Verify the Cassandra cluster is healthy with the following commands:

      kubectl exec -it -n apigee apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- /bin/bash
      

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD status
      

      Make sure all Cassandra nodes in the output are in UN (Up/Normal) status:

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD describecluster
      

      Make sure there are no unreachable nodes listed in the output.

3. Set the kubectl context to the original cluster before retrieving the seed name:

   kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

4. Run the following kubectl command to identify a seed host address for Cassandra in the current region.

   A seed host address allows a new regional instance to find the original cluster on the very first startup to learn the topology of the cluster. The seed host address is designated as the contact point in the cluster.

   kubectl get pods -o wide -n apigee | grep apigee-cassandra

   apigee-cassandra-default-0  1/1   Running   0   4d17h   120.38.1.9  aks-agentpool-21207753-vmss000000

5. Decide which of the IPs returned from the previous command will be the multi-region seed host. In this example, where only a single node cassandra cluster is running, the seed host is 120.38.1.9.
6. In data center 2, copy your overrides file to a new file whose name includes the cluster name. For example, overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml.
7. In data center 2, configure cassandra.multiRegionSeedHost and cassandra.datacenter in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml, where multiRegionSeedHost is one of the IPs returned by the previous command:

   cassandra:
        multiRegionSeedHost: seed_host_IP
        datacenter: data_center_name
        rack: rack_name
        hostNetwork: true

   For example:

   cassandra:
     multiRegionSeedHost: 120.38.1.9
     datacenter: "dc-1"
     rack: "ra-1"
     hostNetwork: true

8. In the new data center/region, before you install hybrid, set the same TLS certificates and credentials in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml as you set in the first region.

Set up the new region

After you configure the seed host, you can set up the new region.

To set up the new region:

1. Copy your certificate from the existing cluster to the new cluster. The new CA root is used by Cassandra and other hybrid components for mTLS. Therefore, it is essential to have consistent certificates across the cluster.
   1. Set the context to the original namespace:

      kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

   2. Export the current namespace configuration to a file:

      kubectl get namespace namespace -o yaml > apigee-namespace.yaml

   3. Export the apigee-ca secret to a file:

      kubectl -n cert-manager get secret apigee-ca -o yaml > apigee-ca.yaml

   4. Set the context to the new region's cluster name:

      kubectl config use-context new-cluster-name

   5. Import the namespace configuration to the new cluster. Be sure to update the "namespace" in the file if you're using a different namespace in the new region:

      kubectl apply -f apigee-namespace.yaml

   6. Import the secret to the new cluster:

      kubectl -n cert-manager apply -f apigee-ca.yaml

2. Install hybrid in the new region. Be sure that the overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml file includes the same TLS certificates that are configured in the first region, as explained in the previous section.

   Execute the following two commands to install hybrid in the new region:

   apigeectl init -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

   apigeectl apply -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

3. Verify the hybrid installation is successful by running the following command:

   apigeectl check-ready -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

4. Verify the Cassandra cluster setup by running the following command. The output should show both the existing and new data centers.

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  \
     -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   Example showing a successful setup:

   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.87.93   68.07 GiB  256     ?     fb51465c-167a-42f7-98c9-b6eba1de34de  c
   UN  10.132.84.94   69.9 GiB   256     ?     f621a5ac-e7ee-48a9-9a14-73d69477c642  b
   UN  10.132.84.105  76.95 GiB  256     ?     0561086f-e95b-4232-ba6c-ad519ff30336  d
   
   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.0.8     71.61 GiB  256     ?     8894a98b-8406-45de-99e2-f404ab10b5d6  c
   UN  10.132.9.204   75.1 GiB   256     ?     afa0ffa3-630b-4f1e-b46f-fc3df988092e  a
   UN  10.132.3.133   68.08 GiB  256     ?     25ae39ab-b39e-4d4f-9cb7-de095ab873db  b

5. Set up Cassandra on all the pods in the new data centers.
   1. Get apigeeorg from the cluster with the following command:

      kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      

      For example:

      Ex: kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      "rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c"
      

   2. Create a cassandra data replication custom resource (YAML) file. The file can have any name. In the following examples the file will have the name datareplication.yaml.

      The file must contain the following:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: REGION_EXPANSION
        namespace: NAMESPACE
      spec:
        organizationRef: APIGEEORG_VALUE
        force: false
        source:
          region: SOURCE_REGION

      Where:

      • REGION_EXPANSION is the name you are giving this metadata. You can use any name.
      • NAMESPACE is the same namespace that is provided in overrides.yaml. This is usually "apigee".
      • APIGEEORG_VALUE is the value output from the kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name command in the previous step. For example, rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
      • SOURCE_REGION is the datacenter name in the source region. This is the value set for cassandra:datacenter: in your overrides.yaml.

      For example:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: region-expansion
        namespace: apigee
      spec:
        organizationRef: rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
        force: false
        source:
          region: "dc-1"

   3. Apply the CassandraDataReplication with the following command:

      kubectl apply -f datareplication.yaml

   4. Verify the rebuild status using the following command.

      kubectl -n apigee get apigeeds -o json | jq .items[].status.cassandraDataReplication

      The results should look something like:

      {
        "rebuildDetails": {
          "apigee-cassandra-default-0": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105760
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-1": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105765
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-2": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105770
          }
        },
        "state": "complete",
        "updated": 1623105770
      }

6. Verify the rebuild processes from the logs. Also, verify the data size using the nodetool status command:

   kubectl logs apigee-cassandra-default-0 -f -n apigee

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   The following example shows example log entries:

   INFO  01:42:24 rebuild from dc: dc-1, (All keyspaces), (All tokens)
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Executing streaming plan for Rebuild
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.432KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.1.45 is complete
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.693KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.4.36 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 3 files(0.720KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.5.22 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] All sessions completed

7. Update the seed hosts. Remove multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11 from overrides-DC_name.yaml and reapply.

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

Check the Cassandra cluster status

The following command is useful to see if the cluster setup is successful in two data centers. The command checks the nodetool status for the two regions.

kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status


Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.12.1.45  112.09 KiB  256          100.0%            3c98c816-3f4d-48f0-9717-03d0c998637f  ra-1
UN  10.12.4.36  95.27 KiB  256          100.0%            0a36383d-1d9e-41e2-924c-7b62be12d6cc  ra-1
UN  10.12.5.22  88.7 KiB   256          100.0%            3561f4fa-af3d-4ea4-93b2-79ac7e938201  ra-1
Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.0.4.33   78.69 KiB  256          0.0%              a200217d-260b-45cd-b83c-182b27ff4c99  ra-1
UN  10.0.0.21   78.68 KiB  256          0.0%              9f3364b9-a7a1-409c-9356-b7d1d312e52b  ra-1
UN  10.0.1.26   15.46 KiB  256          0.0%              1666df0f-702e-4c5b-8b6e-086d0f2e47fa  ra-1

OpenShift

Configure the multi-region seed host

This section describes how to expand the existing Cassandra cluster to a new region. This setup allows the new region to bootstrap the cluster and join the existing data center. Without this configuration, the multi-region Kubernetes clusters would not know about each other.

1. In the overrides.yaml file for your original cluster, make sure cassandra:hostNetwork is set to true. For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true

   See Prerequisites for more information about when to set hostNetwork: true.

2. If the cassandra:hostNetwork is not set to true, do the following:
   1. Change cassandra.hostNetwork to true.
   2. Apply the overrides.yaml config file with the command:

      apigeectl apply -f overrides.yaml --datastore
      

   3. Wait for the Cassandra pods to complete a rolling restart.

   4. Verify the Cassandra cluster is healthy with the following commands:

      kubectl exec -it -n apigee apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- /bin/bash
      

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD status
      

      Make sure all Cassandra nodes in the output are in UN (Up/Normal) status:

      nodetool -u $APIGEE_JMX_USER -pw $APIGEE_JMX_PASSWORD describecluster
      

      Make sure there are no unreachable nodes listed in the output.

3. Set the kubectl context to the original cluster before retrieving the seed name:

   kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

4. Run the following kubectl command to identify a seed host address for Cassandra in the current region.

   A seed host address allows a new regional instance to find the original cluster on the very first startup to learn the topology of the cluster. The seed host address is designated as the contact point in the cluster.

   kubectl get pods -o wide -n apigee

   NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP          NODE                                          NOMINATED NODE
   apigee-cassandra-default-0        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.0.11   gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-a2206492-p55d
   apigee-cassandra-default-1        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.2.4    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e9daaab3-tjmz
   apigee-cassandra-default-2        1/1     Running     0          5d    10.0.3.5    gke-k8s-dc-1-default-pool-e589awq3-kjch

5. Select the IP address of your source Cassandra host to use as the multi-region seed host. In this example, this is the apigee-cassandra-default-0cluster is running, the seed host is 10.0.0.11.
6. In data center 2, copy your overrides file to a new file whose name includes the cluster name. For example, overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml.
7. In data center 2, configure cassandra.multiRegionSeedHost and cassandra.datacenter in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml, where multiRegionSeedHost is one of the IPs returned by the previous command:

   cassandra:
        hostNetwork: true
        multiRegionSeedHost: seed_host_IP # Cassandra pod IP address from the source region.
        datacenter: data_center_name

   For example:

   cassandra:
     hostNetwork: true
     multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11
     datacenter: "dc-1"

8. In the new data center/region, before you install hybrid, set the same TLS certificates and credentials in overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml as you set in the first region.

Set up the new region

After you configure the seed host, you can set up the new region.

To set up the new region:

1. Copy your certificate from the existing cluster to the new cluster. The new CA root is used by Cassandra and other hybrid components for mTLS. Therefore, it is essential to have consistent certificates across the cluster.
   1. Set the context to the original namespace:

      kubectl config use-context original-cluster-name

   2. Export the current namespace configuration to a file:

      kubectl get namespace namespace -o yaml > apigee-namespace.yaml

   3. Export the apigee-ca secret to a file:

      kubectl -n cert-manager get secret apigee-ca -o yaml > apigee-ca.yaml

   4. Set the context to the new region's cluster name:

      kubectl config use-context new-cluster-name

   5. Import the namespace configuration to the new cluster. Be sure to update the "namespace" in the file if you're using a different namespace in the new region:

      kubectl apply -f apigee-namespace.yaml

   6. Import the secret to the new cluster:

      kubectl -n cert-manager apply -f apigee-ca.yaml

2. Install hybrid in the new region. Be sure that the overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml file includes the same TLS certificates that are configured in the first region, as explained in the previous section.

   Execute the following two commands to install hybrid in the new region:

   apigeectl init -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

   apigeectl apply -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

3. Verify the hybrid installation is successful by running the following command:

   apigeectl check-ready -f overrides_your_cluster_name.yaml

4. Verify the Cassandra cluster setup by running the following command. The output should show both the existing and new data centers.

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  \
     -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   Example showing a successful setup:

   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.87.93   68.07 GiB  256     ?     fb51465c-167a-42f7-98c9-b6eba1de34de  c
   UN  10.132.84.94   69.9 GiB   256     ?     f621a5ac-e7ee-48a9-9a14-73d69477c642  b
   UN  10.132.84.105  76.95 GiB  256     ?     0561086f-e95b-4232-ba6c-ad519ff30336  d
   
   Datacenter: dc-1
   ====================
   Status=Up/Down
   |/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
   --  Address        Load       Tokens  Owns  Host ID                               Rack
   UN  10.132.0.8     71.61 GiB  256     ?     8894a98b-8406-45de-99e2-f404ab10b5d6  c
   UN  10.132.9.204   75.1 GiB   256     ?     afa0ffa3-630b-4f1e-b46f-fc3df988092e  a
   UN  10.132.3.133   68.08 GiB  256     ?     25ae39ab-b39e-4d4f-9cb7-de095ab873db  b

5. Set up Cassandra on all the pods in the new data centers.
   1. Get apigeeorg from the cluster with the following command:

      kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      

      For example:

      Ex: kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name
      "rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c"
      

   2. Create a cassandra data replication custom resource (YAML) file. The file can have any name. In the following examples the file will have the name datareplication.yaml.

      The file must contain the following:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: REGION_EXPANSION
        namespace: NAMESPACE
      spec:
        organizationRef: APIGEEORG_VALUE
        force: false
        source:
          region: SOURCE_REGION

      Where:

      • REGION_EXPANSION is the name you are giving this metadata. You can use any name.
      • NAMESPACE is the same namespace that is provided in overrides.yaml. This is usually "apigee".
      • APIGEEORG_VALUE is the value output from the kubectl get apigeeorg -n apigee -o json | jq .items[].metadata.name command in the previous step. For example, rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
      • SOURCE_REGION is the datacenter name in the source region. This is the value set for cassandra:datacenter: in your overrides.yaml.

      For example:

      apiVersion: apigee.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
      kind: CassandraDataReplication
      metadata:
        name: region-expansion
        namespace: apigee
      spec:
        organizationRef: rg-hybrid-b7d3b9c
        force: false
        source:
          region: "dc-1"

   3. Apply the CassandraDataReplication with the following command:

      kubectl apply -f datareplication.yaml

   4. Verify the rebuild status using the following command.

      kubectl -n apigee get apigeeds -o json | jq .items[].status.cassandraDataReplication

      The results should look something like:

      {
        "rebuildDetails": {
          "apigee-cassandra-default-0": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105760
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-1": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105765
          },
          "apigee-cassandra-default-2": {
            "state": "complete",
            "updated": 1623105770
          }
        },
        "state": "complete",
        "updated": 1623105770
      }

6. Verify the rebuild processes from the logs. Also, verify the data size using the nodetool status command:

   kubectl logs apigee-cassandra-default-0 -f -n apigee

   kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status

   The following example shows example log entries:

   INFO  01:42:24 rebuild from dc: dc-1, (All keyspaces), (All tokens)
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Executing streaming plan for Rebuild
   INFO  01:42:24 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.1.45
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.432KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.1.45 is complete
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.4.36
   INFO  01:42:25 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Starting streaming to /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 1 files(0.693KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.4.36 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889, ID#0] Beginning stream session with /10.12.5.22
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889 ID#0] Prepare completed. Receiving 3 files(0.720KiB), sending 0 files(0.000KiB)
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] Session with /10.12.5.22 is complete
   INFO  01:42:26 [Stream #3a04e810-580d-11e9-a5aa-67071bf82889] All sessions completed

7. Update the seed hosts. Remove multiRegionSeedHost: 10.0.0.11 from overrides-DC_name.yaml and reapply.

   apigeectl apply -f overrides/overrides-DC_name.yaml

Check the Cassandra cluster status

The following command is useful to see if the cluster setup is successful in two data centers. The command checks the nodetool status for the two regions.

kubectl exec apigee-cassandra-default-0 -n apigee  -- nodetool -u JMX_user -pw JMX_password status


Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.12.1.45  112.09 KiB  256          100.0%            3c98c816-3f4d-48f0-9717-03d0c998637f  ra-1
UN  10.12.4.36  95.27 KiB  256          100.0%            0a36383d-1d9e-41e2-924c-7b62be12d6cc  ra-1
UN  10.12.5.22  88.7 KiB   256          100.0%            3561f4fa-af3d-4ea4-93b2-79ac7e938201  ra-1
Datacenter: dc-1
================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  10.0.4.33   78.69 KiB  256          0.0%              a200217d-260b-45cd-b83c-182b27ff4c99  ra-1
UN  10.0.0.21   78.68 KiB  256          0.0%              9f3364b9-a7a1-409c-9356-b7d1d312e52b  ra-1
UN  10.0.1.26   15.46 KiB  256          0.0%              1666df0f-702e-4c5b-8b6e-086d0f2e47fa  ra-1