GASEOUS STATE
Aron lemon
infante
3 states of
matter
what is the vital need for
humans to survive?
our atmosphere is made up of gas, and these layers of
atmosphere protect us from many things.
without air most
vertibrates will
Gas
Pressure
-Pressure is defined as the force applied divided by the
area over which it is applied. The idea of a force is a
push that tends to move something in a given
direction.
Pressure, P, the force, F, that acts on a
given area, A
Gas pressure=
force/area
once in motion, the gas inside the
container collides to the wall of container
or either themselves, as we know gas
exert pressure in any surface where they
are in contact.
Gas example, a balloon. Once it is inflated the
molecule
s gas pressure will be exerted inside the
balloon.
SI unit of pressure is the newton per square
meter (N/m2) called the pascal (Pa)
-it is very small so it is often
reported in thousands of pascals
or kilopascals (kPa)
Baromet
-a device that measures the
er
atmospheric pressure
-paved the birth of the units for
pressure.
Boyle’s
- describes the relationship of
Formula:
Law
pressure and volume at P1V1 = P2V2 where:
constant temperature and the P1 = initial pressure
-Robert number of particles.
Boyle observed that the P2 = final pressure
pressure of the gas is inversely V1 = initial volume
proportional to its volume. V2 = final volume
examp
a sample of helium gas in a ballon is compressed
le:
from 4.0l to 2.5l at constant temperature if the
initial temperature is at 3.0 atm at 4.0l, what is the
new pressure at 2.5l?
P1V1=P2 P2=(3.0atm)
given:
V V2 V =
P1= 3.0atm (4.0l)2.
V1= 4.0l 2 P2=2
5l
P2=?
P1V1 V
V2=2.5 = 4.8
2 atm
Charles’ Formula:
describes the relationship T1=T2
Law
between temperature and
volume at constant pressure V V
and the number of particles.
-Jacques Charles saw and 1 2
T1 = initial
proposed that the
T2 = final
temperature
temperature is directly temperature
V1 = initial
proportional to the volume. V2 = final
volume
volume
examp
Argon has a volume of 0.75l at 300k. What is the
le: if the temperature increased to 500k?
new Volume
T = T V2=(0.75l)
given:
V1
1 V2
2
=
T1= 300k (500k)
300
V1= 0.75l V2=
k
T2=500k
V1T2T
V2=? = 1.2
1 5l
Gay-Lussac’s
describes the relationship
P P
Law and
between temperature
1
T 2
=
T
pressure at constant 1T1 =2initial
describes
volume andthe the number P1 = initial
temperature
relationship of a number
of particles. P2 = final
pressure
of particles to its T2 = final
pressure
temperature
volume at constant
temperature and
pressure.
examp
The pressure in a bike tire is 1.88atm at 25.0°c,
whatle:
will be the new pressure if the temperature
warms up to 37.°c?
= P1T
P = P 2T
given:
T1
1 T2
2 P2=(1.88atm)
1
T1= 25.0°c 25.0°c + 273k°c
(37.°c+273k)
P1= 1.88atm P1T2= P2=(1.88atm)(310k)
T2=37°c
TP2T1 T
P2=? 298k
1 1 =198atm
Avogadro's
describes the relationship
V V
of a numberLaw
of particles to =
its 1
N N 2
1 = initial
V1 2
the volume
volume at
of constant
the gas N1 = initial
volume
depends upon theand
temperature V2 = final
pressure
pressure. N2 = final
volume
amount of gas. In other pressure
words, it is directly
proportional.
examp At a specific initial volume, 0.88 moles of oxygen gas (O₂) are
pumped into a balloon. Later, the balloon expands to a volume
of 22.4 liters when more oxygen gas is injected, bringing the
given
le:
V1=?l
total amount of gas to 1 mole. Given a constant temperature
and pressure, what was the balloon's initial volume prior to the
V V injection of extra oxygen?
=
N1=0.88molO2 N
1 2 N
V2=22.41 1 2V 22.4
=
N2=1molO2 1
.88molO2 1
1molO
2
= 19.7
THANK YOU!