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Math Circle

Ein Kreis ist eine Sammlung von Punkten, die alle den gleichen Abstand von einem festen Punkt, dem Zentrum, haben. Es gibt verschiedene Beziehungen zwischen einem Kreis und einer Linie, einschließlich der Konzepte von Tangenten und Sekanten. Tangenten berühren den Kreis an genau einem Punkt, während Sekanten ihn an zwei Punkten schneiden, und es wird auch erklärt, dass die Längen der von einem externen Punkt gezogenen Tangenten gleich sind.

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mukesh kumar patel
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4 Ansichten30 Seiten

Math Circle

Ein Kreis ist eine Sammlung von Punkten, die alle den gleichen Abstand von einem festen Punkt, dem Zentrum, haben. Es gibt verschiedene Beziehungen zwischen einem Kreis und einer Linie, einschließlich der Konzepte von Tangenten und Sekanten. Tangenten berühren den Kreis an genau einem Punkt, während Sekanten ihn an zwei Punkten schneiden, und es wird auch erklärt, dass die Längen der von einem externen Punkt gezogenen Tangenten gleich sind.

Hochgeladen von

mukesh kumar patel
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
Wir nehmen die Rechte an Inhalten ernst. Wenn Sie vermuten, dass dies Ihr Inhalt ist, beanspruchen Sie ihn hier.
Verfügbare Formate
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CHAPTER : = Ee A circle is a collection of points in a plane, which are at a constant be Ty Tater distance from a fixed point in that plane. In other words, a circle is a closed curve formed by the set of points in a eke ene plane which are equidistant from a fixed point in the plane, + Tangent and Radius through Point the fixed point is called the centre of the circle and the constant distance of, Contact: is called the radius of the circle, + Quick Recap Since, all the points on the circle are equidistant from the centre, therefore + Assignment al the radi (plural of radius) of the circle are equal. P if Os the centre’[Link] circle and OP = ris the radius of the circle, then ithe circle canbe represented as C(O, r). ACIRCLE AND A LINE IN A PLANE Let us consider a circle and a line PQ. There can be three possibilities = ® (i) The line PQ and the circle have no common point. In this case, PQ is called non-intersecting line with respect to the circle i.e. the line lies in the exterior of the circle, (ii) In this case, the line PQ and the circle have two common points A and B. We call line PQ a secant. If AB passes through centre, then it is called the diameter of the circle (i.e. the longest chord of the circle). Corporate Office : AESL, 3rd Floor, Incuspaze Campus-2, Plot-13, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram, Haryana-122015 EP r > & We can draw two tangents from the exterior point A to the circle. Case Il: When the point lies on the circle ie. OA = r When point lies on the circle, then one and only one tangent is possible through that point. In other words, there is only one tangent at a point on the circle. ‘School Plus Circles WE Casi When the point lies inside the circle i.e. OA ZCOB = 60° ACOBis a right-angled triangle right-angled at B. 4 o Gp = 00t60 44 CB 3 = CB=4,3 Lengths of tangents 443 cm. Answers & Solutions_School Plus ‘Answers & Solutions_School Plus Circles 5. A Since OP is Perpendicular to AB. AP = PB= > =8om In AAOP, OP? = OA? — AP® [Pythagoras theorem] OP* = 10? - 8 = 36 OP = 6 cm In AOAC and APOA, ZOAC = ZOPA = 90° ZAOC = ZPOA =» ZAQC ~ APOA [By AA] AC _ AO > AP op 2 ace Oe Ac =—> cm DPQ 3: 1. Answer (2) Answer (3) Answer (3) ZPOT = 133° = 2PTIR=4T° = LPTO=23.5° at" NY RON 4 Circles Answers & Solutions_School Plus Join OM, 0Q. 21+ 22=90° (i) — (as radius OP 1 tangent MP) Now, AOPM = AGQM (By SSS rule) PMO = ZQMO— (CPCT) ...(ii) Now, in APMN and AQMN, MP = MQ (Equal tangents) ZPMO = ZQMO (Using (ii)) MN = MN (Common) APMI AQMN (By SAS rule) PNM = ZQNM — (CPCT) But ZPNM + ZQNM = 180° ZPNM = ZQNM = 90° Now, in APNM, ZPNM = 90° = 22+ £3=90° (iii) (Angle sum property) 21+ 22= 22+ 23 [By (i) and (ii)] = 23 2ZPMQ 2 & => 2PMQ=2/0PQ Ae ZPMN = ZQMN SECTION-A: Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1. ADIs the altitude of AABC. It will also be a median. Now, BD = CD=3 cm ZS. => AB = AD* + BD? Qe? => (6% = AD? + (3) = AD= 313 cm Since, the circumcentre and incentre of an equilateral triangle is the same point. OD will be the inradius. oD =ta0 [0 will be centroid and centroid divide the median in 2 : 1 therefore AO: OD = OD = 43cm Answers & Solutions_School Plus Circles 2. In AABC, ZABC = 90° [Angle in a semi-circle] Now, ZABC + ZACB + BAC = 180° => 90° + 55° + y= 180° => y=35 ZBAD = 35° + 40° ZBAD = 75° In AACD, ZDAC + ZADC + ZACD = 180° = 40° +.90° + ZACD = 180° = ACD =50° Now, ZADM = ZACD [Angle made by the chord with a tangent is equal to the angle it makes in the opposite segment] ZADM = 50° Here, Join OC, such that O is centre of-circle. Now, ZACB = 90° ZABC = 60° Also, OB = OC = ZOBC = ZOCB = 60° Now, ZCBD = 180° - 60° = 120° and ZBCD = 90° - 60° = 30° ZBDC = 30° = BC=BD [- Z8DC = ZBCD = 30°] Hence proved. Since, the radius through the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent. ZOPD = ZOSD = 90° and 2D = 90° Also, OP = OS [Radii of same circle] Therefore, OPDS is a square. Since, tangents from an external point to a circle are equal in length. BQ = BR, CR= CS and DP = DS a2 5 Now, BQ = BR => BR = 8 cm = BC-CR=8em P R = 14-CR=80m [© BC = 14 cm] b = CR=14cem-8com=6cm os Ge 6 Circles Answers & Solutions_School Plus cCS=6om = CD-DS=6cm = 18cem-DS=6cm [¥ CD= 18cm) = 18cm-6cm=DS = DS=12em But OPDS is a square, so OP = DS = 12 cm Hence, radius of circle = 12 cm. 5. Given : AOBis diameter of circle with centre O and PP’ and QQ’ are tangents at points A and B respectively. pA P, Q 8 Q Toprove: PP || QQ’ Proof: Since, PP’ is [Link] OA is radius, ZOAP = 90% * {Radius [Link] point of contact is perpendicular] Similarly, QQ’ is tangent and OB is radius. ZOBQ' = 90° = ZOAP = ZOBQ’ [Each equal to 90°) = ZPAB= ZABQ’ But these are alternate angles. Hence PP’ || QQ’. 6. (a) Chord (b) > Minor are (6) Arc (4) Semicircie (e) Tangent (f) Major segment (9) Diameter (h) Secant (i) Radius Short Answer Type Questions : 1. PA and PB are the tangents from point P to the circle with centre O. Let, A and B be the points of contact of these tangents. We need to prove that ~AOB + ZAPB = 180° Now, in quadrilateral OAPB ZPAO + ZAOB + ZPBO + ZAPB = 360° = ZAOB + ZAPB = 360° — ZPAO—- ZPBO = 360° - 90° - 90° = 180° Hence, “AOB + APB = 180° Answers & Solutions_School Plus Circles. 1 2. Let, AD = x= AF (Lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal) BD = 12-x BD = BE BE=12-x BC=8 BE+CE=8 CE=x-4 CE=CF=x-4 AC = 10 CF + AF = 10 x-4+x=10 x=7 AD =7 om BE = 12-7=5cm CF = 30m Let PU = x cm Now, and u yuduy PU = PT {Lengths of tangents drawn from [Link] point to circle are equal] QT=as RS = RU PQ = (x +3) cm PR = (x + 5) om QR = (3 +5) cm Area of APQR = 1043 cm? ar(APOQ) + ar(APOR) + ar(AQOR) = area of APQR Flee ape Se fae 8) x98 +f 8413 = 1068 3 y+ 3) +(x 45) +8] = 1013 (x +3) + (x+5)+8=20 2x + 16 = 20 2x=4 x=2 Hence, PQ=x+3=5cm PR=x+5=7om 4, Circles Answers & Solutions_School Plus ‘Two circles of centres A and B with radii 12 cm and 4 cm. Length of direct common tangent PQ is 15 om. From B, draw BT 1 AP, then PQBT is a rectangle. AT = AP — TP = AP — BQ = (12 — 4) cm = 8 om and TB = PQ= 15 om Now, in right AABT, we have PR iscm _Q AT? + BT? = AB => (8) + (15) = AB? => 64 +225 = AB = AB = 289 = AB= {289 = 17 cm Hence, distance between their centres is 17 cm. Lengths of tangent from an exterior point to a circle are equal. PX = QX ali) a PA=RA il) ~ QB = RB 0) x Now, XP = XQ = XA+AP=XB+BQ [Using (ii), (il) @ A = XA+AR=XB+BR Join AC. Since, BOC is a diameter of circle. ZBAC = 90° In ABAC, we have ZBAC + ZABC + ZACB 80° P A DO => 90° + 25° + ZACB = 180° => ZACB = 180° - (90° + 25°) = 180° - 115° = 65° Since, PAQ is a tangent at point A and AB is a chord of a circle. ZPAB = ZACB [Angles in alternate segments] = ZPAB= 65°. In the given figure, AQ, AR and BC are tangents to the circle. The circle touches sides BC at P and AB and AC (produced) at Q and R. Perimeter of AABC = AB + BC + CA Also, AQ = AR BP = BQ Answers & Solutions_School Plus Circles gh and CP=CR [Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal] Perimeter of AABC = [AB+BC+CA\ 28 =AB+BC+CA = AB+BP+PC+CA = (AB + BQ) + (CR + CA) =AQ+ AR [* AQ=AR] Q+ AQ 2AQ = S=AQ AQ= $ Perimeter of AABC Long Answer Type Questions : 1. We are given a circle with centre P. QR is a tangent to the circle at the point Q. PR || AQ, where A is the end point of a diameter AB. We need to prove that BR is a tangent at B. Construction : Join PQ. PR || AQ [Given] A523 (i) fAltemate angles} and 22= 24 (ii) {Corresponding angles} But in AAPQ, AP = PQ [Radii of the same circle] 1524 (il) From (i), (ii), (i), we get 422243 Now, in APQR and APBR PQ = PB [Radii of the same circle] PR=PR [Common] and 23 = 22 [Proved] APQR = APBR ZPBR = ZPQR = 90° Hence, BR is a tangent to the circle at B. 10 2. Circles Answers & Solutions_School Plus ABCD is a parallelogram circumscribing the circle (O, r) which touch the sides AB, BC, CD and DA at points P, @, Rand S. Now, we know tangents from an external point of a circle are equal. AP = AS i) BP = BQ Ail) CO=CR --Aii) DR = DS liv) Since ABCD is a parallelogram = AB=CD Av) [Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal] and AD = BC (vi) Adding (i), (ii), AP + BP + CR+ DR= AS + BQ+CQ+DS (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ) AB + CD = AD + BC 2AB = 2BC AB = BC ), (iv), we get uu uy Thus, AB = BC = CD = DA. Hence, ABCD is a rhombus. Suppose the incircle of ABC touches its sides BCat D, CA at E and AB at F. Since, the segment into which one side is divided by the point of contact are 6 om and 8 cm. Let D divides BC in two parts BD =.6 cm and DC = 8 em As tangents to a circle from an external point are equal. BF = BD = 6 cm and CE = CD = 8 cm Also, let AF = AE = x cm Again, OD = OE = OF = 4 cm B 6am D Bam C AB = (x + 6) cm, BC = (6 + 8) = 14 cm and AC = (x + 8) cm Perimeter of ABC = AB + BC + CA = (x + 6) + 14 + (x + 8) = (2x + 28) cm 2s = (2x + 28) cm = s=(x+ 14) om Area of AABC = s(s—a\('s—b\s—c) Vx 14) (x 14-14) (x+ 14—x—8) (x+14—x-6) = V(x 14) (x) (6) (8) = 48x (x44) Corporate Office -AESI 3rd Floor Incuenaze Camnus-2 Plot-13. Sector-18 Udvoa Vihar Gurucram Harvana-122015, Answers & Solutions_School Plus Circles Also, area of AABC = Area of AOBC + Area of AOCA + Area of AOAB 1 =ix 14x44 Ex(x48) x4 + Dex 6) x4 2 = 28 +2x+ 16+ 2x +12 = (Ax + 56) = (4Bx(x+14) = 4x +56 = ABx (x + 14) = (4x + 56)? => ABx(x + 14) = 16(x + 14)? > 3x (xt 14) = (x + 14 = Bxextt4 = m= > xethe7 2 AB=x+6=7+6=13 cmand AC=x+8=7+8= 15cm Hence, the other two sides of the triangle are 13 cm and 15 om. In APQR, we have PQ=RQ ZQPR = ZQRP Now, ZQPR + ZQRP + ZROP = 180° => ZORP + ZORP + 78° = 180° => 22ZQRP = 180° - 78° = 102° 102° = ZQRP= > = 51°, Now, PQ subtends 2POQ at the centre and ZPRQ in the remaining part of the circle. 2POQ = 22PRQ = £POQ=2 x 51° = 102° Now, OP is radius of circle and CP is a tangent ZOPC = 90° [Radius through the point of contact is perpendicular to tangent] Similarly, ZOQC = 90° ZOPC + ZOQC = 90° + 90° = 180° = OPCQis a cyclic quadrilateral. ZPOQ + ZPCQ = 180° = ZPCQ= 180° - ZPOQ = ZPCQ = 180° - 102° = 78° Hence, /POQ = 102° and ZPCQ = 78° n 12 Circles Answers & Solutions_School Plus SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions : 1. Answer (2) 2. Answer (4) 3. Answer (1) 4. Answer (3) 5. Answer (2) 6. Answer (3) 7. Answer (2) 8. Answer (4) 9. Answer (3) 40. Answer (1) 11. Answer (1) 12. Answer (2) _ xXty tz “2 DR=RE=x-a — (Tangents from same external point are equal) PE= PF=y-x+a QF = PQ- PF = QF=z-ytx-a = QD=z-ytx-a = a=ztx-y-a = 2a=28-y-y = a=S-y Qp=s-y 13, Answer (4) 14. Answer (3) 15, Answer (1) M ° N Let the smallest circle be C(O’, r’) which touches all the semi-circles. PM = 9 om MO’ = (9 +r) Now, in AO'OM ZO'OM = 90° [Tangent 0’0 is perpendicular to radius OM through point of contact] (O'My = (O10 + (OM)? _—_ [By Pythagoras theorem] = Frys (18-ry + QP = 81+ (r+ 18r = 324 + (r)*— 36r + 84 => 54 = 324 => [f=6em Hence, radius of smallest circle is 6 cm. SECTION-C : Assertion & Reason Type Questions : 4. Answer (4) 2. Answer (3) SECTION-D : Case Study Type Questions : Case Study-1 : (a) Let the radius of incircle be r, CQ = 3x and AP = 2x, then = AC=AR+CR =AP+CQ = 8x + 2x = 5x = 15cm => x53 = AP=6cmand CQ=9cm Now, (CQ + 1)? + (AP +r)? = AC? => (G++ 6+r) = 2% +30r- 108 = 0 = P+ 15r-54=0 = (r+ 18) (r-3)=0 = 15? = 1=30m (b) 6m (c) 90m (4) Perimeter of AABC = AB + BC+ AC =6+3+9+3+15 = 36 cm Corporate Office : AESL, 3rd Floor, Incuspaze Campus-2, Plot-13, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram, Haryana-122015

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