Benutzerhandbuch für den

HTML5 Chart

Erste Schritte mit dem HTML5 Chart 2

Symbole und Charteinstellungen 3

Chart anpassen 6

Indikatoren 8

Zeichnen auf dem Chart 9

Tastaturbefehle 11

Study Reference 12

baha GmbH 1
Erste Schritte mit dem HTML5 Chart
Mit dem HTML5 Chart können Sie eines oder mehrere Symbole (zum Beispiel Indizes, Wertpapiere oder
Währungspaare) in einem interaktiven Chart anzeigen. Der Chart zeigt eine visuelle Repräsentation der historischen
und aktuellen Daten eines Symbols (die Zeitreihe). Sie können viele Parameter interaktiv anpassen, wie etwa den
Charttyp und den Zeitbereich, sowie Indikatoren und Zeichenwerkzeuge zur technischen Analyse einfügen.

Darstellung eines oder mehrerer Symbole, Wahl von Charttyp und Zeitkompression
Sie können eines oder mehrere Symbole imHTML5 Chart anzeigen. Die historischen Daten im Chart können mit
verschiedenen Charttypen (zum Beispiel Linie, Balken, Candlestick) und Datenkompressionen (monatlich,
wöchentlich, täglich, Intraday und Tick-Charts) visualisiert werden
Erfahren Sie mehr: Symbole und Charteinstellungen

Hinzufügen von Teilfenstern und anderen Daten, Navigation im Chart

Jeder Chart kann aus einem oder mehreren Teilfenstern bestehen. Das Hauptfenster zeigt die Zeitreihe des Symbols;
zusätzliche Teilfenster können für Volumensdaten oder zur Anzeige von Indikatoren hinzugefügt werden. Das
spezielle Historien-Teilfenster zeigt die komplette geladene Zeitreihe und kann zur Navigation im Chart verwendet
werden. Zusätzliche Daten, wie etwa die Daten-Info-Box, können interaktiv zum Chart hinzugefügt werden. Sie
können auch die Preisachse anpassen, so dass sie zum Beispiel Prozentangaben oder logarithmische Preise
anzeigt.
Erfahren Sie mehr: Chart anpassen

Fügen Sie zusätzlich benötigte Chartobjekte ein

Zusätzlich zu Symbolen können Sie auch andere Objekte, die für die technische Analyse wichtig sind, in einem Chart
anzeigen: Zeichenobjekte (wie etwa Trendlinien), und Indikatoren (wie der Moving Average / gleitende Durchschnitt).
Erfahren Sie mehr: Indikatoren und Zeichnen auf dem Chart

Arbeiten mit dem Fenster des HTML5 Charts

▪ Um den Chart in Vollbildansicht anzuzeigen, klicken Sie auf den Button Vollbild .

▪ Um den Chart in einem separaten Browserfenster anzuzeigen, klicken Sie auf den Button Loslösen .

Erste Schritte mit dem HTML5 Chart 2

Symbole und Charteinstellungen
Im HTML5 Chart können Sie eines oder mehrere Symbole (zum Beispiel Indizes, Wertpapiere oder Währungspaare)
in einem interaktiven Chart anzeigen.

Hauptsymbol und Vergleichssymbole

▪ Das Hauptsymbol ist das Symbol, dessen Zeitreihe derzeit am Chart angezeigt wird. Sie können mit der
Auswahlliste am oberen Rand des Charts ein anderes Hauptsymbol auswählen. Das Hauptsymbol wird
automatisch als Basis für jeden Indikator verwendet, den Sie zum Chart hinzufügen.
▪ Sie können mit der Auswahlliste Vergleichswert hinzufügen (am oberen Rand des Charts ) eines oder mehrere
Vergleichssymbole hinzufügen. Vergleichssymbole werden als Überlagerung im Hauptfenster des Charts
angezeigt. Sie können nicht als Basis für einen Indikator verwendet werden.
▪ Zur besseren Sichtbarkeit von Vergleichssymbolen können Sie den Mauszeiger über den Symbolnamen
positionieren – alle anderen Symbole werden temporär gedimmt während sich der Mauszeiger dort befindet.

▪ Um ein Vergleichssymbol vom zu Chart entfernen, klicken Sie auf den Button Entfernen neben dem
Symbolnamen.
▪ Um ein Vergleichssymbol auf dem Chart zu verstecken ohne es zu entfernen, klicken Sie auf den Button
Verstecken neben dem Symbolnamen.
▪ Um ein Vergleichssymbol in einen eigenen Chartbereich zu verschieben, klicken Sie auf den Button Nach Unten
neben dem Symbolnamen.
▪ Um ein Vergleichssymbol zurück in das Hauptfenster zu verschieben, klicken Sie solange auf den Button Nach
Oben neben dem Symbolnamen bis das Symbol das Hauptfenster erreicht hat.

▪ Um die Daten für das Hauptsymbol im Chart zu aktualisieren, klicken Sie auf den Button Aktualisieren .

Datenkompression und Zeitbereich des Charts

▪ Wählen Sie in der Auswahlliste am oberen Rand des Charts die Datenkompression des Charts. Sie können
Tagesdaten, Wochendaten, Monatsdaten oder Intraday-Daten mit vordefinierten Intervallen (etwa 5 Minuten oder
1 Stunde) verwenden, alle Einzel-Ticks anzeigen, bzw. mehrere Ticks oder andere Bars zu einem Datenpunkt
zusammenfassen.

Hinweis Die Anzahl der Ticks (Transaktionen), die zu einem Datenpunkt zusammengefasst werden sollen,
können Sie unter Ticks festlegen. Wenn Sie etwa eine Tick-Kompression von 10 Ticks
verwenden, werden alle Ticks in Zehnergruppen zusammengefasst. Der Eröffnungskurs eines 10-
Ticks-Balken ist der erste Tick der Gruppe, der Schlusskurs der zehnte Tick. Die Höchst- und
Tiefstkurse sind die jeweils höchsten und tiefsten Preise innerhalb jeder Zehnergruppe. Tick-
Kompressionen verwenden keine lineare Zeitskala – abhängig von der Häufigkeit der eingehenden
Ticks kann ein 10-Ticks-Balken einen Zeitraum von Sekunden, Minuten oder selbst Tagen (für
wenig gehandelte Wertpapiere) umfassen. Eigene Einstellungen für die Aggregation von Ticks
oder auch von anderen Zeitperioden (Tages-, Wochen- oder Monatsdaten) können Sie festlegen,
indem Sie auf Custom in der Chart-Toolbar klicken.

▪ Wählen Sie in der nächsten Auswahlliste den gewünschten Zeitbereich, zum Beispiel Tag, 6 Monate, 10 Jahre,
oder geben Sie die Anzahl der Datensätze an, die auf dem Chart gezeigt werden sollen (zum Beispiel 510
Datensätze).
▪ Um weitere Daten im Chart zu laden, können Sie auch das Historien-Teilfenster verwenden: Ziehen Sie die
linke Begrenzung der hervorgehobenen Sektion weiter an den linken Rand des Historien-Teilfensters, um die
nächste verfügbare Sektion von historischen Daten zu laden.

Symbole und Charteinstellungen 3

 Charttypen
▪ Wählen Sie einen der folgenden Charttypen aus der Auswahlliste am oberen Rand des Charts. Dieser Charttyp
bezieht sich auf das Hauptsymbol des Charts.

Linien Die Schlusskurse des Symbols (bzw. Ticks) werden als kontinuierliche Linie
gezeichnet. Dies ist der einfachste Charttyp. Er bietet eine unkomplizierte,
direkte Sicht auf die Preisentwicklung eines Symbols.
Kerzen Die Eröffnungs-, Höchst-,Tiefst- und Schlusskurse eines Symbols werden als
Kerzen (Candlesticks) gezeichnet. Eine Kerze besteht aus einem Körper, der
zwischen dem Eröffnungs- und dem Schlusskurs gezeichnet wird, einem Docht
(Höchstkurs - obere Linie) und einer Lunte (Tiefstkurs - untere Linie).
Standardmäßig wird der Körper verschiedenfärbig dargestellt – je nach
Beziehung zwischen dem Eröffnungs- und Schlusskurs (Standard), oder der
Beziehung zwischen dem Vortages-Schlusskurs und dem aktuellen
Schlusskurs (diese Einstellung können Sie bei den Farbeinstellungen eines
Charts treffen, siehe unten). Der Körper ist grün, wenn der Schlusskurs höher
als der Eröffnungskurs ist (Steigend), und rot wenn der Schlusskurs niedriger
als der Eröffnungskurs ist (Fallend). Sind Eröffnungs- und Schlusskurs gleich,
so hat die Kerze keinen Körper (Unverändert).
Leere Kerzen Wie im Kerzenchart werden die Eröffnungs-, Höchst-,Tiefst- und Schlusskurse
eines Symbols als Kerzen (Candlesticks) gezeichnet. Zusätzlich werden in
diesem Charttyp "leere" Kerzen (transparente Füllung) angezeigt, wenn der
Letztkurs höher als der Eröffnungskurs einer Kerze ist, oder gefüllte Kerzen,
wenn der Letztkurs niedriger als der Eröffnungskurs ist.
Die Farbe der Kerze spiegelt die Preisänderung im Verhältnis zur vorherigen
Kerze wider – Kerzen sind grün wenn der Letztkurs höher als der Letztkurs der
vorherigen Kerze ist, und rot wenn der Letztkurs niedriger als der Letztkurs der
vorherigen Kerze ist.
Balken (OHLC) Die Eröffnungs-, Höchst-,Tiefst- und Schlusskurse eines Symbols werden als
Balken (Bars) gezeichnet. Die Höchst- und Schlusskurse (High und Low)
werden an den oberen und unteren Grenzen des Balkens dargestellt. Der
Eröffnungskurs (Open) wird auf der linken Seite des Balkens dargestellt, der
Schlusskurs (Close) auf der rechten Seite. Dieser Charttyp wird oft verwendet.
Er zeigt in einer verdichteten Ansicht mehr Informationen über die
Preisentwicklung eines Symbols als der Linienchart. Er hat dieselben
Farbeinstellungen wie der Kerzenchart.
Balken (HLC) Dieser Charttyp ist dem OHLC-Balkenchart sehr ähnlich, zeigt allerdings nur die
Höchst-, Tiefst- und Schlusskurse des Symbols.
Flächen Die Schlusskurse des Symbols werden als kontinuierliche Linie gezeichnet. Der
Bereich zwischen der Preislinie und der Nulllinie des Charts wird mit
transparenter Farbe gefüllt.
Histogramm Die Schlusskurse des Symbols werden als vertikale Säulen gezeichnet. Dieser
Charttyp zeigt dieselbe Information wie ein Linienchart mit einer anderen
Visualisierung. Er hat dieselben Farbeinstellungen wie der Kerzenchart.

Um den Charttyp eines Vergleichssymbols zu ändern:

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Symbolnamen.
▪ Ein Dialog erscheint. Wählen Sie den gewünschten Charttyp.

Last / Bid / Ask Charts

Sie können die Preisart ändern, die im Chart verwendet wird:
▪ Klicken Sie auf den Symbolnamen.
▪ Ein Dialog erscheint. Wählen Sie die Preise, die verwendet werden sollen um den Chart zu zeichnen: Last
(Standard), Bid oder Ask.

Farben im Chart
Um die Farben eines Symbols zu ändern:
▪ Klicken Sie auf den Symbolnamen.

Symbole und Charteinstellungen 4

▪ Ein Dialog erscheint. Wählen Sie die passenden Farbeinstellungen.
Abhängig vom Charttyp stehen verschiedene Farbeinstellungen zur Verfügung:
▪ Für Liniencharts können Sie eine Linienfarbe und Linienstärke festlegen.
▪ Für Balken-, Kerzen- und Histogrammcharts können Sie eine Farbe für steigende Kurse, fallende Kurse und
unveränderte Kurse festlegen. Sie können wählen, ob die Färbung auf der Beziehung zwischen dem Eröffnungs-
und Schlusskurs basieren soll (Eröffn./Schluss, standardmäßig aktiviert), oder ob die Färbung auf der
Beziehung zwischen dem Vortages-Schlusskurs und dem aktuellen Schlusskurs basieren soll
([Link]/Schluss). Als Standard wird die Farbe für steigende Kurse verwendet, wenn der Schlusskurs höher
als der Eröffnungskurs ist (Eröffnung < Schluss); die Farbe für fallende Kurse, wenn der Schlusskurs niedriger
als der Eröffnungskurs ist (Eröffnung > Schluss); sowie die Farbe für unveränderte Kurse, wenn der Eröffnungs-
und Schlusskurs gleich sind (Eröffnung = Schluss).
▪ Für Flächencharts können Sie eine Linienfarbe und einen zweifarbigen Farbverlauf festlegen.

Einstellungen zur Preisskala

Sie können für jedes Symbol, Vergleichssymbol oder Indikator eine eigene Preisskala anzeigen, die Position am
Chart auswählen, und die Reihenfolge mehrerer Preisskalen ändern:
▪ Klicken Sie auf den Symbolnamen.
▪ Aktivieren Sie die Option Preisachse ein um die Preisskala für dieses Symbol ein-/auszublenden.
▪ Aktivieren Sie die Option Preisachse relativ um eine prozentuelle Preisskala für dieses Symbol zu verwenden.
▪ Klicken Sie auf Seite wechseln um die Preisskala dieses Symbols auf der rechten/linken Seite des Charts
anzuzeigen.
▪ Klicken Sie auf Nach innen um die Preisskala für dieses Symbol zur Innenseite zu verschieben, wenn auf
derselben Seite des Charts mehrere Preisskalen angezeigt werden.
▪ Klicken Sie auf Nach außen um die Preisskala für dieses Symbol zur Außenseite zu verschieben, wenn auf
derselben Seite des Charts mehrere Preisskalen angezeigt werden.

Symbole und Charteinstellungen 5

Chart anpassen
Sie können zusätzliche Daten (wie das Volumen) zum Chart hinzufügen und Sektionen eines Charts heranzoomen.

Zusätzliche Daten im Chart anzeigen

▪ Klicken Sie auf eines der folgenden Werkzeuge um zusätzliche Daten im Chart anzuzeigen. Aktivierte
Werkzeuge werden in einer anderen Farbe angezeigt. Manche Werkzeuge sind standardmäßig bereits aktiviert –
Sie können diese mit einem Klick wieder deaktivieren.

Zeigt das Volumen des Hauptsymbols in einem zusätzlichen Bereich. Durch einen Klick auf die
Bezeichnung Volume können Sie die Linienart (Linie, Histogramm, Flächenchart oder Punkte) und die
Farbgebung (steigend / fallend / unverändert) festlegen, ähnlich wie bei Symbolen oder Indikatoren.
Wenn Vergleichssymbole am Chart gezeigt werden, können Sie auch das aggregierte Volumen aller
verfügbaren Symbole anzeigen – entweder in einfärbigen Balken (linke Option), oder in gestapelten
mehrfärbigen Balken, die nach Wertpapier farbcodiert sind (rechte Option).
Prozentuelle Preisskala verwenden. Der erste geladene Schlusskurs entspricht 0%. Alle folgenden
Preisentwicklungen werden in Prozent bezogen auf diesen Startpunkt dargestellt. Sie können mit dem
Werkzeug Nullpunkt festlegen einen anderen Startpunkt festlegen (siehe unten). Diese Skala ist
nützlich, um die Preisentwicklung mehrere Symbole zu vergleichen. Die prozentuelle Preisskala wird
auch verwendet, wenn Sie die Option Preisachse relativ in den Chart-Einstellungen eines Symbols
aktivieren.
Alternativ können Sie auch eine logarithmische Skala verwenden. Auf dieser Skala bedeuten gleiche
Entfernungen auf der Skala auch gleiche relative Preisänderungen.
Sind beide Werkzeuge deaktiviert, so wird eine lineare Preisskala verwendet. Sie zeigt die absoluten
Preise des Hauptsymbols zwischen dem Minimum und Maximum des sichtbaren Zeitbereichs.
Verwenden Sie das Werkzeug Nullpunkt festlegen um in Charts mit prozentueller Skala einen
Startpunkt bei einem bestimmten Datum / Zeitpunkt zu setzen. Klicken Sie auf dem Chart auf das
Datum / die Zeit die Sie als Startpunkt für die relative Entwicklung aller eingefügten Symbole
verwenden möchten. Dieses Datum / diese Zeit ist nun der gemeinsame Nullpunkt für die relative
Entwicklung aller im Chart vorhandenen Symbole; er wird am Chart mit einer vertikalen Linie markiert.
Zeigt den letzten Kurs des Hauptsymbols als Linie auf dem Chart und als Markierung auf der
Preisachse.
Zeigt die Daten-Info-Box wenn der Mauszeiger am Chart positioniert wird. Die Daten-Info-Box zeigt
Datum und Zeit des markierten Datenpunkts und verschiedene weitere Werte für alle sichtbaren
Symbole und Indikatoren.
Zeigt die Infoleiste wenn der Mauszeiger am Chart positioniert wird. Die Infoleiste zeigt am oberen
Rand des Charts Informationen zu Kurswerten, Änderung und Volumen des markierten Datenpunkts.
Zeigt das Maximum und Minimum des Hauptsymbols als Werte am Chart.

Zeigt Gitternetzlinien auf dem Chart.

Zeigt das Fadenkreuz an, welches die aktuelle Position der Maus mit Markern auf den Zeit- und
Preisachsen markiert.
Alternativ können Sie auch das Fadenkreuz mit Kurs anzeigen, was bedeutet, dass, für die aktuelle
Position der Maus relativ zur Zeitachse, der Schlusskurs des nächstgelegenen Bars verwendet wird,
um die Position des Fadenkreuzes auf der Preisachse festzulegen.
Zeigt das Historien-Teilfenster. Dieses Teilfenster zeigt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung des
Hauptsymbols für den kompletten im Chart geladenen Zeitbereich. Die derzeit im Hauptfenster des
Charts sichtbare Sektion ist im Historien-Teilfenster hervorgehoben.

Sektionen des Charts heranzoomen

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Button Zoom In um in den Chart hineinzuzoomen.

▪ Stattdessen können Sie auch den Mauszeiger über die Zeitachse des Charts bewegen, bis er sich in ein
Lupensymbol verwandelt: Klicken Sie nun auf den Anfangspunkt der Sektion die Sie vergößern wollen, halten
Sie die Maustaste gedrückt, bewegen Sie den Mauszeiger zum Endpunkt der Sektion und lassen Sie die
Maustaste wieder los.

Chart anpassen 6
▪ Klicken Sie auf den Button Zoom Out um aus dem Chart herauszuzoomen.
▪ Für einen präziseren Zoomvorgang können Sie das Historien-Teilfenster verwenden, um einen bestimmten
Datums- und/oder Zeitbereich am Chart auszuwählen: Bewegen Sie entweder die Begrenzungen auf der linken
und rechten Seite der hervorgehobenen Sektion im Historien-Teilfenster, oder klicken Sie auf das jeweilige
Datum / Uhrzeit in der linken oberen Ecke des Teilfensters und wählen Sie ein Datum aus dem Kalender bzw.
ändern Sie die Uhrzeit. Um auf die komplette geladene Zeitreihe herauszuzoomen, klicken Sie auf den Button
Expandieren .
▪ Sie können auch das Scrollrad Ihrer Maus verwenden bzw. auf Tablets den Chart mit zwei Fingern aufziehen um
in den bzw. aus dem Chart zu zoomen.
▪ Um den Chart auf seine Standardeinstellungen bezüglich Zoom und Skalierung zurückzusetzen, klicken Sie auf

den Button Zurücksetzen .

Chartausschnitt bewegen

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Button Auswählen .

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Chart, halten Sie die Maustaste gedrückt, und ziehen Sie den Chart nach rechts oder nach
links. Die Zeitreihe wird entsprechend am Bildschirm positioniert. Die hervorgehobene Sektion im Historien-
Teilfenster bewegt sich automatisch mit dem Chart mit.

Chart anpassen 7
Indikatoren
Indikatoren werden auf die Kursdaten des Hauptsymbols in Ihrem Chart angewendet. Sie helfen dabei, die
verfügbaren Daten auf neue Weise zu visualisieren, so dass Sie die Kursbewegungen leichter interpretieren können.

Indikator zum Chart hinzufügen

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Button Indikator hinzufügen und dann auf den Namen des gewünschten Indikators.
Kurzbeschreibungen der verfügbaren Indikatoren finden Sie in der Study Reference (nur in englischer Sprache
verfügbar).

▪ Um einen Indikator in einen eigenen Chartbereich zu verschieben, klicken Sie auf den Button Nach Unten

neben dem Namen des Indikators:

▪ Um einen Indikator zurück in das Hauptfenster zu verschieben, klicken Sie solange auf den Button Nach Oben
neben dem Namen des Indikators bis der Indikator das Hauptfenster erreicht hat.

Eigenschaften eines eingefügten Indikators ändern

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Namen des Indikators. Ein Dialog erscheint.
▪ Auf dem Reiter Parameters auf der linken Seite können Sie die Parameter dieses Indikators anpassen. Klicken
Sie auf einen Wert um ihn zu verändern. Für Indikatoren die auf Basis von Kursdaten berechnet werden, können
Sie außerdem die Berechnungsbasis wählen: Schlusskurs (C, Standard), Eröffnungskurs (O), Höchstkurs (H)
oder Tiefstkurs (L).
▪ Auf dem Reiter Style können Sie die Farben und die Linienart des Indikators anpassen. Bei Indikatoren, die aus
mehreren Linien bestehen (z.B. Bollinger Bands mit drei Linien Mid, Upper und Lower), wählen Sie zuerst die
entsprechende Linie mit den Pfeilen aus.

Indikator aus dem Chart entfernen

▪ Klicken Sie auf den Button Entfernen neben dem Namen des Indikators.
▪ Wenn der Indikator in einem eigenen Bereich angezeigt wurde, wird dieser ebenfalls entfernt.

Indikatoren 8
Zeichnen auf dem Chart
Um auf dem Chart zu zeichnen verwenden Sie Zeichenwerkzeuge wie Trendlinien oder Trendkanäle. Für die meisten
Zeichenwerkzeuge müssen Sie einen oder mehrere Referenzpunkte definieren, um zu bestimmen wo auf dem Chart
das Zeichenobjekt positioniert werden soll. Sie können diese Referenzpunkte später verändern indem Sie sie mit der
Maus ziehen (Drag & Drop).

Zeichenwerkzeuge verwenden
▪ Klicken Sie auf ein Zeichenwerkzeug (siehe unten für eine Liste aller verfügbaren Zeichenwerkzeuge).
▪ Klicken Sie am Chart auf den ersten Referenzpunkt des Zeichenobjekts und halten Sie die Maustaste gedrückt.
▪ Bewegen Sie den Mauszeiger zum zweiten Referenzpunkt des Zeichenobjekts und lassen Sie die Maustaste los.
Ausnahme: Die Werkzeuge Text und Horizontale / Vertikale Linie benötigen keinen zweiten Referenzpunkt.
▪ Beim Zeichnen eines Trendkanals erscheint ein dritter Referenzpunkt. Klicken Sie auf diesen und bewegen Sie
ihn, um die zusätzliche Linie zu positionieren (Drag & Drop).

Linie Trendlinien werden verwendet um Trends und bestimmte Entwicklungen auf

dem Chart zu markieren.
Um eine Trendlinie zu zeichnen benötigen Sie zwei Referenzpunkte. Die
Referenzpunkte werden bei Extrempunkten positioniert, zum Beispiel bei
zwei Hochpunkten (Aufwärtstrend) oder zwei Tiefpunkten (Abwärtstrend).
Horizontale Linie Horizontale Linien werden üblicherweise als Unterstützungs- oder
Widerstandslinien verwendet.
Um eine horizontale Linie zu zeichnen benötigen Sie lediglich einen
Referenzpunkt, der auf dem Preisniveau platziert wird auf dem die Linie
erscheinen soll.
Vertikale Linie Eine vertikale Linie kann verwendet werden, um bestimmte Zeitpunkte auf
einem Chart zu markieren.
Um eine vertikale Linie zu zeichnen benötigen Sie lediglich einen
Referenzpunkt, der bei dem Zeitpunkt platziert wird an dem die Linie
erscheinen soll.
Trendkanal Ein Trendkanal besteht im Grunde aus zwei parallelen Trendlinien, welche
die sich im Trend bewegende Zeitreihe umschließen.
Um einen Trendkanal zu zeichnen benötigen Sie drei Referenzpunkte. Die
ersten beiden Punkte definieren eine normale Trendlinie, während der dritte
Punkt die Entfernung der zweiten Linie von der ersten Trendlinie definiert.
Text Mit dem Textwerkzeug können Sie andere Objekte auf dem Chart
beschriften, Beschreibungen hinzufügen usw.
Um Text hinzuzufügen, klicken Sie am Chart an der Stelle an der der Text
erscheinen soll. Geben Sie dann den entsprechenden Text in die Box ein
und wählen Sie die gewünschte Formatierung, Größe und Farbe. Sie
können den Text später verändern, indem Sie darauf klicken.

Mehrere Linien nacheinander zeichnen

▪ Um ein Zeichenwerkzeug mehrmals hintereinander zu verwenden, ohne es jedes Mal auswählen zu müssen,

klicken Sie auf den Button Wiederholt zeichnen .

▪ Wählen Sie danach das gewünschte Zeichenwerkzeug (zum Beispiel die Trendlinie).
▪ Das Zeichenwerkzeug bleibt nun so lange aktiv, bis Sie ein anderes Werkzeug auswählen oder die Option
Wiederholt zeichnen wieder deaktivieren.

Zum nähesten Preis springen mit dem Magnet

▪ Um während des Zeichnens automatisch die Referenzpunkte zum nähesten Preis eines Balkens zu setzten,

aktivieren Sie das Magnetwerkzeug .

Zeichnen auf dem Chart 9

▪ Wenn Sie das Magnetwerkzeug nur kurzfristig verwenden möchten, halten Sie die STRG-Taste gedrückt während
Sie auf dem Chart zeichnen.

Exaktes Positionieren von Referenzpunkten

▪ Um Referenzpunkte präzise zu positionieren, bewegen Sie den Mauszeiger in die Nähe der Position an der Sie
den Referenzpunkt einfügen möchten, und drücken Sie dann die passende Taste auf Ihrer Tastatur um den
Referenzpunkt auf einem präzisen Preisniveau zu positionieren: O für den Eröffnungskurs, H für den Höchstkurs,
L für den Tiefstkurs, C für den Schlusskurs.

Farben, Linienart und Länge, andere Einstellungen

▪ Um die Eigenschaften eines Zeichenobjekts zu ändern, klicken Sie auf das Zeichenobjekt (zum Beispiel eine
Trendlinie). Ein Dialog erscheint.
▪ Wählen Sie die gewünscht Farbe und ggf. Linienart.
▪ Bei Linien und Trendkanälen können Sie mit der Eigenschaft Extend außerdem festlegen, ob die entsprechende
Linie über die gezeichneten Referenzpunkte hinaus bis zum linken bzw. rechten Rand des Charts
verlängert werden soll.
▪ Bei horizontalen Linien können Sie auf der Preiskala ein Label mit dem Preisniveau auf dem die Linie gezeichnet
wurde ein-/ausblenden (Option Wert auf Preisskala anzeigen).
▪ Bei Text können Sie die Schriftgröße und Formatierung verändern.

Zeichenobjekte löschen
▪ Um Zeichenobjekte zu entfernen, klicken Sie auf das entsprechende Zeichenobjekt und dann auf das den Button

Löschen .

Zeichnen auf dem Chart 10

Tastaturbefehle
Im HTML5 Chart können folgende Tastaturbefehle zur Navigation im Chart und zur Interaktion mit den einzelnen
Chartelementen genutzt werden:

Navigation durch Symboleisten und Dialoge TAB : Zum nächsten Element wechseln
UMSCHALT + TAB : Zum vorherigen Element wechseln
Pfeiltasten und BILD AUF / BILD AB : Vertikal / horizontal
in Listen oder aufgeklappten Dialogen bewegen
POS1 : Zum Anfang einer Liste springen
ENDE : Zum Ende einer Liste springen
Elemente aktivieren EINGABE : Gewähltes Element aktivieren
LEERTASTE : Gewählten Button oder Kontrollkästchen
aktivieren
Menüs und Dialoge verlassen ESC : Aufgeklappte Dialoge oder Pop-Ups schließen
Befehle im Chartfenster Pfeiltasten : Höhe des Fensters ändernl
Bei Fokus im Chartfenster UMSCHALT + Pfeiltasten : Sichtbaren Bereich des Charts
ändern
STRG + Pfeiltasten : Sichtbaren Bereich des Charts in
größeren Schritten ändern
ALT + Pfeiltasten : Im Chart zoomen
Auswählen von Zeichenwerkzeugen UMSCHALT + T
Bei Fokus im Chartfenster
Auswahl der Kontrollpunkte des UMSCHALT + P
Zeichenwerkzeugs
Bei Fokus im Chartfenster und ausgewähltem
Zeichenwerkzeug
Exaktes Positionieren von Referenzpunkten O für Open
Während des Zeichnens H für High
L für Low
C für Close
Vorübergehende Verwendung des Magneten Während des Zeichnens die STRG-Taste gedrückt
Während des Zeichnens halten

Tastaturbefehle 11
Study Reference
This study reference gives you an overview about the indicators that are available in the HTML5 Chart. Please note
that depending on your chart version, some indicators listed here might not be available in your chart.

Accumulation Distribution Line

Function Name: ADL
Category: Momentum, ACDI Oscillator
A momentum indicator that attempts to gauge supply and demand by determining whether investors are generally
"accumulating" (buying) or "distributing" (selling) a certain stock by indentifying divergences between stock price and
volume flow.
In practice, this indicator is used to find situations in which the indicator is heading in the opposite direction as the
price. Once this divergence has been identified, the trader will wait to confirm the reversal and make his or her
transaction decisions using other technical indicators.

Aroon Oscillator
Function Name: AROO
Category: Momentum, Oscillator
Developed in 1995, Aroon is an indicator system that can be used to determine whether a stock is trending or not and
how strong the trend is.

The Aroon indicator system consists of two lines, Aroon Up and Aroon Down. It takes a single parameter which is the
number of time periods to use in the calculation. Aroon Up is the amount of time (on a percentage basis) that has
elapsed between the start of the time period and the point at which the highest price during that time period occurred.
If the stock is setting a new low for the given time period, Aroon Up will be zero. On the other hand, if the stock closes
higher than it has during the rest of the time period, Aroon Up will be +100. For each subsequent period that passes
without another new high, Aroon Up moves down by an amount equal to (1 / number of periods) x 100. Aroon Down
is calculated in just the opposite manner, looking for new lows instead of new highs.

Aroon Oscillator is designed by subtracting Aroon Down from Aroon Up. Since Aroon Up and Aroon Down oscillate
between 0 and +100, the Aroon Oscillator oscillates between -100 and +100 with zero as the center crossover line.
The Aroon Oscillator signals an upward trend is underway when it is above zero and a downward trend is underway
when it falls below zero. The further away the oscillator is from the zero line, the stronger the trend.

Author: Tushar Chande

Link: [Link]

Aroon Up/Down
Function Name: AROOUD
Category: Momentum
The Aroon indicator was developed in 1995. This indicator consists of two lines, Aroon Up and Aroon Down. Aroon
Up is the amount of time (on a percentage basis) that has elapsed between the start of the time period and the point
at which the highest price during that time period occurred. If the stock is setting a new low for the given time period,
Aroon Up will be zero. On the other hand, if the stock closes higher than it has during the rest of the time period,
Aroon Up will be +100. Aroon Down is calculated in just the opposite manner, looking for new lows instead of new
Highs.

Study Reference 12
Author: Tushar Chande
Link: [Link]

Auto Trend Lines

Function Name: N/A
Category: Trend
Auto Trend Lines are trend lines that are drawn automatically, based on support and resistance levels which are
calculated by using an algorithm that attempts to autodetect local extreme points.

Use the Parameter "Show All" to add/remove more trend lines on past extreme points.

Average Directional Index

Function Name: ADX
Category: Trend
The Average Directional Index (ADX) measures the strength of a prevailing trend as well as whether or not there is
movement or direction in a market.

A rising ADX indicates a strong trend. If the ADX is over 40 and begins to fall, it can signal a slowdown of a current
trend.

A falling ADX suggests a non-trending market. A low ADX value (generally less than 20) can indicate a non-trending
market with low volatility whereas a cross above 20 may signal the start of a trend (either up or down).

The ADX does not, however, indicate whether a trend is up or down. This indicator can be used to identify non-
trending markets, or a deterioration of an ongoing trend. Although market direction is important in its calculation, the
ADX is not a directional indicator.

Author: J. Welles Wilder

Link: [Link]

Average True Range

Function Name: ATR
Category: Volatility
The Average True Range indicator is used when calculating the directional movement of a market.

Range is defined as the distance a price moves per an increment of time, for example, from the highest price to the
lowest price in a trading day. True Range measures the conventional range of a bar but checks the previous bar's
closing price to see if it is outside the current bar's range. If it is, then that closing price is used instead of the High or
Low. That is, the previous bar's Close is considered part of the current bar's range. This helps account for gaps
between bars. The Average True Range indicator calculates and plots the average of these values over a certain
number of bars. This indicator may be considered a tool for measuring the volatility of a market using a price range
concept. Often, extremes in Average True Range are associated with a change in character of a market, from
trending to trading range and vice versa.

Author: J. Welles Wilder

Study Reference 13
Link: [Link]

Awesome Oscillator
Function Name: AWSO
Category: Trend, Oscillator
The Awesome Oscillator determines the market momentum on the last five bars, comparing them to the momentum
of the last 34 bars. The oscillator is calculated as the difference between the 34-period and 5-period Moving Average
at the mid price and is displayed as a histogram.

It can be used in combination with the Alligator indicator, i.e. buy and sell signals are only triggered outside of the
Alligator's "mouth". Buy and sell signals are supposed to be signified by a cross of the zero line, when the bar chart
reverses direction or when two consecutive pikes are rising / falling.

Author: Bill Williams

Bearish Engulfing
Function Name: BEENG
Category: Candlestick
A bullish engulfing pattern occurs when, in a downtrend, you find a solid candle immediately followed by a hollow
candle. The body of the hollow candle has to enclose he body of the solid candle, in other words the Open of the
hollow candle has to be lower than the Close of the solid candle and the Close of the hollow candle has to be higher
than the Open of the solid candle. The Bullish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bullish engulfing pattern occurs. A
bearish engulfing pattern occurs when, in an uptrend, you find a hollow candle immediately followed by a solid
candle. The body of the solid candle has to enclose the body of the hollow candle, in other words the Close of the
solid candle has to be lower than the Open of the hollow candle and the Open of the solid candle has to be higher
than the Close of the hollow candle. The Bearish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bearish engulfing pattern occurs.

Links: [Link]
[Link]

Bollinger Band Width

Function Name: BBW
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands
The Bollinger Band Width indicator shows the width of the bollinger bands in relative terms. It sets the difference
between the upper and the lower band in relation to the middle band.

Author: John Bollinger

Link: [Link]

Bollinger Bands
Function Name: BOLL
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands

Study Reference 14
The Bollinger Bands indicator is one of the most commonly used technical indicators. It draws two bands that are
plotted usually two standard deviations above and below a moving average. An upper band is plotted a specified
number of standard deviations above this average and a lower band is plotted a specified number of standard
deviations below the average.

The Bollinger Bands indicator combines the trend identifying aspects of a moving average with a dynamic factor,
each market's own volatility, to plot an envelope. The distance between the bands is, therefore, a reflection of
volatility. During sideways periods, prices reaching the bands may indicate overbought or oversold conditions. Strong
movement up through the upper band or down through the lower band may indicate the beginning of a trend.

Author: John Bollinger

Link: [Link]

Bullish Engulfing
Function Name: BUENG
Category: Candlestick
A bullish engulfing pattern occurs when, in a downtrend, you find a solid candle immediately followed by a hollow
candle. The body of the hollow candle has to enclose he body of the solid candle, in other words the Open of the
hollow candle has to be lower than the Close of the solid candle and the Close of the hollow candle has to be higher
than the Open of the solid candle. The Bullish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bullish engulfing pattern occurs. A
bearish engulfing pattern occurs when, in an uptrend, you find a hollow candle immediately followed by a solid
candle. The body of the solid candle has to enclose the body of the hollow candle, in other words the Close of the
solid candle has to be lower than the Open of the hollow candle and the Open of the solid candle has to be higher
than the Close of the hollow candle. The Bearish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bearish engulfing pattern occurs.

Links: [Link]
[Link]

Camarilla Pivot Points

Function Name: CPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with the Camarilla method

Link: [Link]

Chaikin Money Flow

Function Name: CHAIMF
Category: Trend
The Chaikin Money Flow indicator is showing whether a given equity is within a buying trend (money flow in) or a
selling trend (money flow out).

Author: Marc Chaikin

Study Reference 15
Chaikin Oscillator
Function Name: CHAIO
Category: Volatility, Oscillator
The Chaikin Oscillator compares a slow exponential moving average and a fast exponential moving average of the
Volume Accumulation Distribution, and plots the result in a line that oscillates above and below a zero line. The
Volume Accumulation Distribution uses the relationship between the Open and the Close of the bar, and the range of
the bar, to weight and characterize the volume as Accumulation (buying) or Distribution (selling).

The Chaikin Oscillator uses averages and differences to provide a different view of this data. Because the Chaikin
Oscillator uses exponential averages, the numeric value of the Chaikin Oscillator will depend on the data available in
the chart.

The most common use of this indicator is to identify divergences between a market's price activity and the oscillator.

Author: Marc Chaikin

Commodity Channel Index

Function Name: CCI
Category: Trend
The Commodity Channel Index is used to identify the beginning and ending of cycles and works best when applied to
futures markets that are cyclical or seasonal in nature. It is commonly used to identify buy and sell opportunities. A
long position is indicated when the CCI exceeds +100 while a short position is indicated when the CCI falls below -
100 but these values should be based more on your market analysis. For example, you may decide that for the
market you are evaluating, a -125 indicates taking a short position while a +150 indicates taking a long position.

The Commodity Channel Index can be used as a signal for overbought and oversold markets, much like an oscillator.
Breakouts above the CCIlong (L1) line indicate an overbought market and breakouts below the CCIshort (L2) line
indicate an oversold market. The CCI often misses the early part of a new move because of the amount of time it
spends in the neutral position (between the CCIlong and CCIshort lines). Many analysts believe the CCI Average
crossing above or below zero identifies market conditions before the CCIlong and CCIshort lines are crossed.

Link: [Link]

Coppock Curve
Function Name: COPP
Category: Momentum
The Coppock Curve is a long-term price momentum indicator, designed by applying a front-weighted smoothing to an
average of two momentums and used primarily to pinpoint major bottoms in the stock market.

There are two commonly accepted ways of determining buy and sell signals from a Coppock Curve.

The first is to trade on reversals from extremes. When first introduced in 1962, it was intended to generate buy signals
in the S&P 500 only, and the suggested signal was an upturn in the Coppock Curve from an extreme low.

The second interpretation involves divergence analysis. The initial thrust off of a low in the stock market is often
accompanied by the highest Coppock Curve reading (peak momentum). Subsequent advances tend to be

Study Reference 16
accompanied by diminishing momentum (lower peaks on the Coppock Curve). That combination of a higher peak in
price accompanied by a lower peak in the Coppock Curve creates a bearish divergence. Those signals warn of a
weakening, aging advance, but often precede the ultimate top.

Author: Edwin Sedgwick Coppock

Link: [Link]

Cutler RSI
Function Name: RSIC
Category: Momentum
The Cutler RSI indicator is a slight variation of Welles Wilder's original Relative Strength Index. The RSI is a
momentum oscillator used to identify overbought and oversold conditions by keying on specific levels, generally 30
and 70, on a chart scaled from 0 to [Link] signal can also be used to detect the following:

- Movement which might not be as readily apparent on the bar chart

- Failure swings above 70 or below 30 which indicate reversals

- Support and resistance

- Divergences between RSI and price.

Author: Cutler
Link: [Link]

Dark Cloud
Function Name: DARK_CL
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The dark cloud pattern occurs if the first candle is a long white body which continues the up-trend, the second candle
of this pattern is a filled body candle with the Open above the previous candle's High and with a Close within the
midpoint and the Low of the first bar. The greater the penetration into the previous candle's hollow body, the better
chance for a successful reversal.

The Dark Cloud study marks a bar if a dark cloud pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Demark's Pivot Points

Function Name: DMPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with Demark's method

Study Reference 17
Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Index

Function Name: DMIIND
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Index (DMI) is used to determine whether a market is in a trending or non-trending mode
as well as to help identify whether it is bullish or bearish.

Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Minus

Function Name: DMIMINUS
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Minus represents the difference between today's Low and yesterday's Low.

The Directional Movement Minus measures the downward movement of a market. This can be used as an indication
of a bullish market, which occurs when the Directional Movement Minus crosses under the Directional Movement
Plus. This signals an opportunity to establish a long position. Conversely, an indication of a bearish market occurs
when the Directional Movement Minus crosses above the Directional Movement Plus. This provides an opportunity to
establish a short position and/or liquidate any existing long positions.

Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Plus

Function Name: DMIPLUS
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Plus indicator is calculated from a comparison of the highs on a series of consecutive bars
versus the true range.

The Directional Movement Plus indicator measures the upward movement of a market. Many analysts believe an
indication of a bullish market occurs when the Directional Movement Plus crosses over the Directional Movement
Minus. This signals an opportunity to establish a long position. Conversely, an indication of a bearish market occurs
when the Directional Movement Plus crosses below the Directional Movement Minus. This provides an opportunity to
establish a short position and/or liquidate any existing long positions.

Directional Movement System

Function Name: DMIS
Category: Trend
The concept of the Directional Movement System is based on the assumption that in an upward trend today's highest
price is higher than yesterday's highest price and in a downward trend today's lowest price is lower than yesterday's
lowest price.

The Directional Movement System indicator calculates and plots the DMI Plus and DMI Minus values. DMI Plus is
calculated from a comparison of the highs on a series of consecutive bars versus the true range; DMI Minus is
calculated from the lows on a series of consecutive bars versus the true range. These values are used to calculate

Study Reference 18
ADX, which is also plotted by this indicator. ADX is commonly used to indicate whether a market is trending. Rising
ADX values indicate a trending market without indication of the trend direction. The DMI Plus and DMI Minus,
components of the ADX, can aid in identifying direction. DMI Plus crossing over DMI Minus is a bullish sign, and vice
versa.

Link: [Link]

DMI Signal
Function Name: DMISIG
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Index (DMI) is used to determine whether a market is in a trending or non-trending mode
as well as to help identify whether it is bullish or bearish.

Link: [Link]

Doji
Function Name: DOJI
Category: Candlestick
Doji is a name for candlesticks that provide information on their own and also feature in a number of important
patterns. Dojis form when a security's open and close are virtually equal. A doji candlestick looks like a cross, inverted
cross, or plus sign. Alone, doji are neutral patterns.

Link: [Link]

Donchian Channel
Function Name: DONCHIAN
Category: Price
A simple Price Channel of the Highest High of Last x Periods and Lowest Low of Last x Periods. In addition the
median of the upper and lower channel is plotted.

Author: Richard Davoud Donchian

Link: [Link]

Elliott Wave Oscillator

Function Name: EWO
Category: Oscillator
This indicator plots the difference between a slow and fast simple moving average as an oscillator. It oscillates above
and below zero.

Envelopes
Function Name: ENV
Study Reference 19
Category: Trend
The Envelopes represent bands that are plotted in a certain, identical relationship above and below the Moving
Average.

Link: [Link]

Evening Star
Function Name: EVENING_STAR
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The evening star pattern is a sign of a bearish market and consists of a pattern shown through three bars. The first
candle is a long white body that continues the up-trend; the second candle of this pattern is a candle with a small
body that can be either hollow or filled but where the body is over the Close of the first bar. The third candle is a filled
body candle on which the body is gapping down under the second bar.

The Evening Star study marks a bar if an evening star pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Fast Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: FSTO
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Fast indicator is an oscillator that works similarly to the Relative Strength Index. It plots between 0 and
100; however, its overbought/oversold boundaries are wider which tend to make this oscillator more volatile.

The Stochastic Fast indicator calculates the location of a current price in relation to its range over a period of bars.
The default settings are to use the most recent 14 bars (k_period parameter), the High and Low of that period to
establish a range and the Close as the current price . This calculation is then indexed and plotted as %KF. A
smoothed average of %KF, known as %DF, is also plotted. %KF and %DF plot as oscillators with values from 0 to
100. The direction of the Stochastic should confirm price movement. For example, a rising Stochastic confirms rising
prices.

Stochastic can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in Stochastic may indicate a false breakout. Stochastic is also used to identify
overbought and oversold conditions when the Stochastic reaches extreme highs or lows. Additionally, %KF crossing
above the smoother %DF can be a buy signal and vice versa.

Link: [Link]

Fibonacci Pivot Points

Function Name: FPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with the Fibonacci method

Link:
[Link]
Study Reference 20
Fisher Histogram
Function Name: FISHER_HISTOGRAM
Category: Trend
Histogram for the Fisher indicator

Fisher Transform
Function Name: FISHER
Category: Trend
Fisher Transform (FT) is based on the assumption that prices don't have a Gaussian probability density. When the
trend changes the indicator reverses very sharply.

This indicator can be very useful for pinpointing entries for short-term trades. When the FT crosses above the signal
line from below, it's a bullish signal and it's time to buy. When FT crosses below the signal line from above, it's a
bearish signal and it's time to sell.

Author: John Ehlers

Source: S&C Nov 2002: "Using The Fisher Transform"
Link: [Link]

Full Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: FUSTO
Category: Momentum
Developed by George C. Lane in the late 1950s, the Stochastic Oscillator is a momentum indicator that shows the
location of the close relative to the high-low range over a set number of periods. According to an interview with Lane,
the Stochastic Oscillator "doesn't follow price, it doesn't follow volume or anything like that. It follows the speed or the
momentum of price. As a rule, the momentum changes direction before price." As such, bullish and bearish
divergences in the Stochastic Oscillator can be used to foreshadow reversals. This was the first, and most important,
signal that Lane identified. Lane also used this oscillator to identify bull and bear set-ups to anticipate a future
reversal. Because the Stochastic Oscillator is range bound, is also useful for identifying overbought and oversold
levels.

Calculation:
Fast %K = (Current Close - Lowest Low)/(Highest High - Lowest Low) * 100
Full %K = Fast %K smoothed with X-period SMA
Full %D = X-period SMA of Full %K

Parameters:
LBperiod: Look-back period (the period in which highest and lowest are calculated)
Kperiod: MA smoothing parameter for full %K
Dperiod: MA smoothing parameter for full %D

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 21
GMMA
Function Name: GMMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The GMMA is a Multi Exponential Moving Average Indicator with 12 different periods.

Link: [Link]

GMMA Oscillator
Function Name: GMMAO
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The GMMA Oscillator is a combination of:

- The difference between the EMA(3) and the EMA(15) as a line.

- The difference between the EMA(30) and the EMA(60) as a line.

- The difference between the EMA(15) and the EMA(60) as a histogram.

Link: [Link]

Hammer
Function Name: HAMMER
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The hammer pattern usually occurs on a downtrend, and it is named so because this pattern is believed to hammer
out a bottom. Hammers indicate a bullish market on the horizon. A hammer requires that the bar have a short body
and that the lower shadow has to be at least twice as long as the real body of the candlestick.

The Hammer study marks a bar if a hammer pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Highest High
Function Name: HIGH
Category: Other
Highest High of last X periods

Ichimoku Kinko Hyo

Function Name: ICHI
Category: Price

Study Reference 22
The indicator consists of 5 lines:

Kijun Sen (Standard Line)

Average of the highest and the lowest price of the past 26 days.

Tenkan Sen (Turning Line)

Average of the highest and the lowest price of the past 9 days

Chikou Span (Delayed Line)

Backward projection of today's price (26 days delayed)

Senkou Span A (1st preceeding Line)

Forward projection of the average of Standard Line and Turning Line (26 days)

Senkou Span B (2nd preceeding Line)

Forward projection of the highest and the lowest price of the past 52 days (26 days)

The calculation of the lines is based on the highest high and the lowest low of a period.

Link: [Link]

Keltner Channel
Function Name: KELTNER
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands
The Keltner Channel is a channel that is based on a multiplication (Factor) of Average True Ranges above and below
a moving average. Keltner Channel is most commonly used with studies or strategies that measure or take advantage
of market volatility. It is similar in concept to the Bollinger Bands.

The Keltner Channel returns the Simple Moving Average of the Close prices for the previous bars in a chosen Period,
added to the Average True Range value and multiplied with the Factor parameter.

Author: Chester W. Keltner

Link: [Link]

Know Sure Thing

Function Name: KST
Category: Momentum, Oscillator
The indicator consists of two lines (KST line and Signal line). It oscilllates above and below zero.

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 23
Linear Regression
Function Name: LR
Category: Trend, Statistics
The Linear Regression indicator is a statistical tool used to predict future market values relative to their past values,
and is normally plotted on a price chart as a straight line like a trend line. The Linear Regression indicator, however,
does not plot a straight line when it is plotted, it curves through price activity. Its curve is a result of plotting a line
through each end point of invisible linear regression trend lines. Each invisible trend line plots the minimal distance
between closing prices, using the least squares method, over the number of bars defined in the input Period.

The indicator helps to determine where a market's price might be in the near future using current and past price
history. If prices are trending up, linear regression attempts to logically determine what the upward bias of the price
may be relative to the current price. If prices are trending down, it will attempt to determine the downward bias of the
price. Some analysts believe that when prices rise above or fall below the linear regression line, they are
overextended and will begin to move back towards the line. Thus, the line is used to monitor when a price move may
change direction.

Link: [Link]

Lowest Low
Function Name: LOW
Category: Other
Lowest Low of last X periods

MACD
Function Name: MACD
Category: Trend, Moving Average Convergence Divergence, Moving Averages
The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator calculates moving averages that can monitor and
signal trends. It is both a trend-following indicator as well as an oscillator.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence indicator calculates two exponential moving averages of the lengths
specified by the inputs mov1 and mov2. The difference between these two averages is then plotted as the MACD.
This value is also averaged for the number of bars specified by the input Trigger and then plotted as the TRIGG.
Finally, the difference between the MACD and the TRIGG is calculated and plotted as the OscE. As a trend-following
indicator, the MACD may be interpreted similarly to other moving averages. When the MACD crosses above the
MACD Average, an uptrend may be beginning, indicating a buy signal. Conversely, when the MACD crosses below
the TRIGG, a downtrend may be beginning. As an oscillator, the MACD can signal overbought and oversold
conditions.

Link: [Link]

MACD Cross and Overzero Signal

Function Name: MACDCROZSIG
Category: Trend, Crossover, Moving Average Convergence Divergence
A trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of prices. The
MACD is calculated by subtracting the 26-day exponential moving average (EMA) from the 12-day EMA. A nine-day
EMA of the MACD, called the "signal line", is then plotted on top of the MACD, functioning as a trigger for buy and sell
signals

Study Reference 24
There are three common methods used to interpret the MACD:

1. Crossovers - As shown in the chart above, when the MACD falls below the signal line, it is a bearish signal, which
indicates that it may be time to sell. Conversely, when the MACD rises above the signal line, the indicator gives a
bullish signal, which suggests that the price of the asset is likely to experience upward momentum. Many traders wait
for a confirmed cross above the signal line before entering into a position to avoid getting getting "faked out" or
entering into a position too early, as shown by the first arrow.

2. Divergence - When the security price diverges from the MACD. It signals the end of the current trend.

3. Dramatic rise - When the MACD rises dramatically - that is, the shorter moving average pulls away from the longer-
term moving average - it is a signal that the security is overbought and will soon return to normal levels.

Traders also watch for a move above or below the zero line because this signals the position of the short-term
average relative to the long-term average. When the MACD is above zero, the short-term average is above the long-
term average, which signals upward momentum. The opposite is true when the MACD is below zero. As you can see
from the chart above, the zero line often acts as an area of support and resistance for the indicator.

Signal criteria:
- Previous MACD value more than previous Signal value and today MACD value less than today Signal value then
displays "sell" signal.
- Previous MACD value less than previous Signal value and today MACD value more than today Signal value and
today MACD value more than zero then displays "buy" signal.

Parameters:
mov1, mov2: Periods for MACD calculation (MACD=EMA(P,mov1)-EMA(P,mov2))
Trigger: Period for MACD trigger signal calculation
UseOverzeroCondition: If set to true, "Buy" signal will require the additional condition that MACD must be greater
than zero.
ShowHistogram, ShowMacd, ShowTrigger, ShowTraderMark: Display flags

MACD Cross Signal

Function Name: MACDCRSIG
Category: Crossover, Moving Average Convergence Divergence
This signal works similar to the "MACD Cross and Overzero Signal", but without the additional condition that MACD
must be greater than zero.

MACD Forest
Function Name: MACDF
Category: Trend
The MACD Forest displays the difference between MACD and the trigger line. The Moving Average Convergence
Divergence indicator calculates moving averages that can monitor and signal trends. It is both a trend-following
indicator as well as an oscillator.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence indicator calculates two exponential moving averages of the lengths
specified by the inputs mov1 and mov2. The difference between these two averages is then plotted as the MACD.
This value is also averaged for the number of bars specified by the input Trigger and then plotted as the TRIGG.
Finally, the difference between the MACD and the TRIGG is calculated and plotted as the MACD Forest.

Study Reference 25
As a trend-following indicator, the MACD may be interpreted similarly to other moving averages. When the MACD
crosses above the MACD Average, an uptrend may be beginning, indicating a buy signal. Conversely, when the
MACD crosses below the TRIGG, a downtrend may be beginning. As an oscillator, the MACD can signal overbought
and oversold conditions.

Link: [Link]

Momentum
Function Name: MOM
Category: Momentum
The Momentum is calculated by computing the continuous difference between prices at fixed intervals. The default
settings calculate and plot the net change between the Close of a bar and the Close 20 bars earlier. Measuring
current prices versus earlier prices sheds light on the pace of a trend and possible trend reversals. It may also be
useful in identifying overbought and oversold conditions when the Momentum becomes extremely strong or weak.

Link: [Link]

Money Flow Index

Function Name: MFI
Category: Other
The Money Flow Index is a momentum indicator used to measure the strength of money flowing in and out of an
asset. It calculates an indexed value based on price and volume for the number of bars specified in the input Period.
Calculations are made for each bar with an average price greater than the previous bar and for each bar with an
average price less than the previous bar. These values are then indexed to calculate and plot the Money Flow. The
use of both price and volume provides a different perspective from price or volume alone. The Money Flow indicator
tends to show dramatic oscillations and can be useful in identifying overbought and oversold conditions.

Link: [Link]

Morning Star
Function Name: MS
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The morning star pattern is a sign of a bullish market; these characteristics are shown through three bars. The first
continues the downtrend; the second is under the Close of the first bar. The third is gapping up over the second bar.

The Morning Star study marks a bar if a morning star pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Moving Average
Function Name: SMA

Study Reference 26
Category: Trend, Moving Averages, SMA
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Simple Moving Average gives equal weight to all the
prices in the series.

The Simple Moving Average indicator is generally used to identify or confirm a trend and works best in trending
markets. It will not signal that a trend change is imminent, but it will help determine if an existing trend is still in motion
and help confirm when a trend reversal has taken place.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Moving Average Cross Signal

Function Name: SMACRSIG
Category: Trend, Moving Averages, Crossover
This study marks a bar at any intersection point of two moving averages with different periods, and gives a buy/sell
signal.

Moving Average Exponential

Function Name: EMA
Category: Trend, EMA, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Exponential Moving Average indicator calculates
and plots an exponentially weighted average of prices (Close prices), from each of the most recent number of bars
specified by the Period parameter.

The Exponential Moving Average indicator assigns more weight to recent price data, and less weight to prices further
back in time. It is more sensitive to price activity than the simple moving average and tends to stick closer to the
trend.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Parameters:
period: Number of bars used for calculating the moving average.
shift: Vertical shift of the moving average line, given as percentage.

Moving Average Momentum

Function Name: MOVS_MOM
Category: Momentum, Trend, Moving Averages
The Moving Average Momentum study intensifies the smoothing affect of a MA. It is calculated as the difference of
the MA value at time t and the MA value at t-1.

Moving Average Rolling

Function Name: RMA

Study Reference 27
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Rolling Moving Average indicator calculates and
plots a moving average of prices (closing prices), from each of the most recent number of bars specified by the
Periods parameter. The Rolling Moving Average indicator assigns a weight to the price data as the average is
calculated, though less weight is assigned to each later price in the series.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Moving Average Triangular

Function Name: TRIMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The Moving Averages Triangular indicator places the majority of the weight on the middle portion of the price series.
They are actually double-smoothed simple moving averages. The periods used in the simple moving averages varies
depending on if you specify an odd or even number of time periods.

Moving Average Triple

Function Name: TMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Triple Moving Average indicator calculates and plots
three simple arithmetic averages of the same prices (Close prices), from each of the most recent number of bars
specified by the Period parameter. How the three averages relate to each other can help determine the strength or
weakness of a trend. It can also be used to determine bullish and bearish trends as well as to generate buy and sell
signals.

Moving averages are generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the averages
are moving and to the relative position of prices and the averages. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the short moving average and the shorter moving averages above the longer moving averages
(position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices below the short moving average
and the shorter moving averages below the longer moving averages would indicate a downtrend. Using multiple
moving averages may make it easier to gauge neutral periods, or differentiate between strong and weak trends.

Moving Average Weighted

Function Name: WMA
Category: Trend, WMA
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Weighted Moving Average indicator calculates and
plots a weighted average of prices, from each of the most recent number of bars specified by the Period parameter.
The Weighted Moving Average indicator assigns more weight to recent price data, and less weight to prices further
back in time. It is used for the same purpose and in the same way as a moving average. However, it can provide
stronger and earlier indications to trend direction and reversals because it tracks the recent data more closely.

Moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Negative Volume Index

Function Name: NVI
Category: Volume

Study Reference 28
The Negative Volume Index (NVI) displays changes only on days when volume decreases from the previous day. The
interpretation is based on the assumption that on days with increasing trade volumes, the crowd-following
"uninformed" investors are in the market.

Link: [Link]

On Balance Volume
Function Name: OBV
Category: Price, Volume
The On Balance Volume indicator is calculated as the continuous consecutive sum of volumes, whereby the entire
volume of the day is added to the volume of the previous day's OBV, if today's closing price is above yesterday's
closing price, and entire volume of the day is subtracted from the volume of the previous day's OBV if today's closing
price is below yesterday's closing price.

The use of both price and volume provides a different perspective from price or volume alone. For example, higher
prices with light volume will cause On Balance Volume to rise slowly, possibly indicating that the trend lacks
conviction.

Link: [Link]

Open Interest
Function Name: OI
Category: Other, OI
The Open Interest (OI) indicator plots the number of open contracts for the futures market. It can help confirm trends
and trend reversals. An increase in the OI along with an increase in price confirms an upward trend. A decrease while
prices are making new highs is often seen as a signal of a possible trend reversal.

Link: [Link]

Parabolic Stop and Reversal

Function Name: SAR
Category: Trend, SAR
The Parabolic Stop and Reversal is based on the relationship between a market's price and time, and plots a series
of trailing stops. The Parabolic Stop and Reversal indicator is used to determine when to stop and reverse your
position (SAR) in a market utilizing time/price-based stops. Once a Parabolic SAR is reached, the current position is
exited and a new position in the opposite direction is taken. This indicator is primarily used in trending markets and is
based on always having a position in the market. This indicator helps to determine stop points and when you might
reverse a position and trade the opposite direction.

Link: [Link]

Percentage Price Oscillator

Function Name: PPO

Study Reference 29
Category: Trend, Oscillator
The Price Oscillator calculates and plots on the chart difference between LongPeriod and ShortPeriod simple moving
averages of the Close price, shown as percentages.

The Price Oscillator illustrates the cyclical and often profitable signals generated by these one or two moving average
systems. It is a trend following indicator and does an outstanding job of keeping you on the right side of the market
during trending periods. However, during less decisive periods, the Price Oscillator produces small losses.

Moving average analysis typically generates buy signals when a short-term moving average rises above a longer-
term moving average. Conversely, sell signals are generated when a shorter-term moving average falls below a
longer-term moving average.

Piercing
Function Name: PIERCING
Category: Candlestick
A technical trading signal that is marked by a closing down day with a good-sized trading range, followed by a trading
gap (drop) lower the following day that covers at least half of the upward length of the previous day's real body (the
range between the opening and closing prices), and then closes up for the day. A piercing pattern often signals the
end of a small to moderate downward trend. A piercing pattern can serve as an indicator that it is time to either buy a
stock or close out short positions because the stock may be trending upward soon. It should not, however, be used
as a stand-alone indicator, but should be compared against other bullish and bearish indicators.

Link: [Link]

Positive Volume Index

Function Name: PVI
Category: Volume
The Positive Volume Index (PVI) concentrates on the market in times of increasing trade volumes. Like the Negative
Volume Index, it is a cumulative indicator. It is only calculated when the volume increases compared to the previous
day; otherwise, it stays the same.

Link: [Link]

Pretty Good Oscillator

Function Name: PGO
Category: Oscillator
The Pretty Good Oscillator measures the distance between the current close price and its moving average.

Price Cross EMA Signal

Function Name: PRCREMASIG
Category: Trend, Crossover, Exponential Moving Average
The lastest bar crossover or below of exponential moving average with different period then gives a buy/sell signal

Parameters:

Study Reference 30
 Period: Period for EMA expressed in number of bars.
ShowEMA: EMA display control flag.

Note:
The last bar might trigger a buy/sell signal intermittently when the indicator is calculated on each new tick. This
can be avoided if the "calculate on each new bar" option is selected, that way the indicator will not be calculated on
the last bar.

Price Rate of Change

Function Name: ROC
Category: Momentum, Rate of Change, ROC
The Price Rate of Change indicator calculates the difference between the current price and the price x-periods ago as
a percentage. Crossing above the zero line is considered to be positive indication and to some a buy signal. Crossing
below the zero line is considered to be negative and to some a sell signal. Measuring current prices versus earlier
prices sheds light on the pace of a trend and possible trend reversals. It may also be useful in identifying overbought
and oversold conditions when the Price Rate of Change becomes extremely strong or weak.

The Price Rate of Change indicator is one of the easiest and most effective indicators you'll find. The Price Rate of
Change indicator lends itself to overbought and oversold interpretation. The problem is that there are no hard-and-
fast rules about where the lines should be drawn (even more reason to make them variables), since the magnitude of
the oscillations will vary according to the volatility of the underlying security and the time span being considered. For
this reason overbought and oversold lines are constructed on the basis of judgment.

Relative Strength Index

Function Name: RSI
Category: Momentum, Relative Strength Index
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicator calculates a value based on the cumulative strength and weakness of
price (Close price), over the period specified by the Period parameter. For that number of bars, RSI accumulates the
points gained on bars with higher Closes and the points lost on bars with lower Closes. These two sums are indexed,
with the index plotted on the chart.

The Relative Strength Index is an oscillator with values that range from 0 to 100. The RSI plots upper and lower
boundaries to determine overbought and oversold market conditions. The direction of RSI should confirm price
movement. For example, a rising RSI confirms rising prices.

The RSI can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in RSI may indicate a false breakout. RSI is also used to identify overbought and
oversold conditions when the RSI value reaches extreme highs or lows. This indicator automatically changes the
color of the RSI plot when it exceeds either of the levels specified in the inputs BuyZone and SellZone. Horizontal
reference lines are also plotted at these levels as visual aids.

Link: [Link]

RSI Levy
Function Name: RSL
Category: Momentum
Relative Strength Index after Levy

Study Reference 31
Sequence Counter
Function Name: SEQC
Category: Other
Sequence counter displayed over bars

Shooting Star
Function Name: SHOOTING_STAR
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
A type of candlestick formation that results when a security's price, at some point during the day, advances well
above the opening price but closes lower than the opening price. In order for a candlestick to be considered a
shooting star, the formation must be on an upward or bullish trend. Furthermore, the distance between the highest
price for the day and the opening price must be more than twice as large as the shooting star's body. Finally, the
distance between the lowest price for the day and the closing price must be very small or nonexistent.

Link: [Link]

Slow Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: SSTO
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Slow indicator is an oscillator that works similarly to the Relative Strength Index. It plots between 0
and 100; however, its overbought/oversold boundaries are wider which tend to make this oscillator more volatile. The
Stochastic Slow is a smoother version of the Stochastic Fast.

The Stochastic Slow indicator calculates the location of a Close price in relation to its range over a period of bars. The
default settings are to use the most recent 14 bars (k_period), the High and Low of that period to establish a range
and the Close as the current price.

This calculation is then indexed, smoothed and plotted as %KS. A smoothed average of %KS, known as %DS, is also
plotted. %KS and %DS plot as oscillators with values from 0 to 100. The direction of the Stochastic should confirm
price movement. For example, rising Stochastic confirms rising prices.

Stochastic can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in Stochastic may indicate a false breakout. Stochastic is also used to identify
overbought and oversold conditions when the Stochastic reaches extreme highs or lows. Additionally, %KS crossing
above the smoother %DS can be a buy signal and vice versa.

Link: [Link]

Standard Deviation
Function Name: SD
Category: Volatility, Statistics
The Standard Deviation indicator is a statistical measurement of volatility. It is derived by calculating an n-time period
Simple Moving Average of the data item; summing the squares of the difference between the data item and its
Moving Average over each of the preceding n-time periods; dividing this sum by n and calculating the square root of
this result.

Study Reference 32
Standard deviation is a statistical concept that illustrates how a specific set of values spread around an average
value. This statistical tool is used in several analysis techniques such as Bollinger Bands.

Link: [Link]

Standard Pivot Points

Function Name: PPL
Category: Price
A technical indicator derived by calculating the numerical average of a particular stock's high, low and closing prices.
The pivot point is used as a predictive indicator. If the following day's market price falls below the pivot point, it may
be used as a new resistance level. Conversely, if the market price rises above the pivot point, it may act as the new
support level.

Link: [Link]

Starc Bands
Function Name: STARC_BANDS
Category: Volatility, Bands
The STARC Bands indicator creates a channel that surrounds a Simple Moving Average. The width of the channel
varies with a period of the average range; thus the name ('ST' for Stoller, plus 'ARC' for Average Range Channel).
The STARC Bands indicator plots two curves on the chart - above (STARC1) and below (STARC2) the Simple
Moving Average.

Link: [Link]

Stochastic Momentum
Function Name: STMOM
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Momentum Index (SMI) incorporates an interesting twist on the popular Stochastic Oscillator. While
the Stochastic Oscillator provides you with a value showing the distance the current Close is relative to the recent x-
period high/low range, the SMI shows you where the Close is relative to the midpoint of the recent x-period high/low
range.

Author: William Blau

Stochastic RSI
Function Name: STRSI
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic RSI indicator calculates the level of RSI over a given period of time, and it varies between 0 and 1.

Study Reference 33
There are two conditions that you look for when interpreting the Stochastic - RSI indicator: When the Stochastic - RSI
indicator advances from below to above 0.20 a buy signal is generated. A sell signal is generated when the indicator
crosses from above to below 0.80.

To confirm signals and reduce whipsaws a centerline (0.50) was introduced. The sell signal is generated when the
indicator crosses the centerline from below. Conversely, when the indicator crosses the centerline from above, a sell
signal is generated.

Author: Tushar Chande, Stanley Kroll

Link: [Link]

Supertrend
Function Name: SUPERTREND
Category: Volatility
SuperTrend is a moving stop and reversal line based on the volatility.

Parameters:
Period - calculation period for average volatility
Factor - determines the distance to the market

Trend Intensity Index

Function Name: TII
Category: Trend
TII is used to indicate the strength of the current trend in the market. The stronger the current trend, the more likely
the market will continue moving in the current direction.

Author: M.H. Pee

Link: [Link]

TRIX
Function Name: TRIX
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The TRIX oscillates around a zero line. Its triple exponential smoothing is designed to filter out insignificant cycles and
show the prevailing trend of the base instrument.

The TRIX indicator is an oscillator used to identify oversold and overbought markets and it can also be used as a
momentum indicator. When used as an oscillator, a positive value indicates an overbought market while a negative
value indicates an oversold market. As a momentum indicator, a positive value suggests momentum is increasing
while a negative value suggests momentum is decreasing. TRIX crossing above the zero line is a buy signal while
closing below the zero line is a sell signal. Also, divergences between price and TRIX can indicate significant turning
points in the market.

TRIX calculates a triple exponential moving average of Close price over the period of time specified by the Period
parameter. The current bar's value is subtracted by the previous bar's value. This value along with zero line is plotted
it on the chart.

Study Reference 34
Two main advantages of TRIX compared to other trend-following indicators are its excellent filtration of market noise
as well as its tendency to be a leading rather than a lagging indicator. It filters out market noise using the triple
exponential average calculation thus eliminating minor short term cycles that may otherwise signal a change in
market direction. Its ability to lead a market stems from its measurement of the difference between each bar's
"smoothed" versions of the price information. When interpreted as a leading indicator, TRIX is best used in
conjunction with another market timing indicator to minimize the effect of false indications.

Link: [Link]

True Range
Function Name: TR
Category: Volatility
The True Range indicator is a tool for a precise and realistic calculation of the market's price activity. This value is
considered when calculating the directional movement of a market.

Author: Welles Wilder

Link: [Link]

True Strength Index

Function Name: TSI
Category: Momentum
A technical momentum indicator that helps traders determine overbought and oversold conditions of a security by
incorporating the short-term purchasing momentum of the market with the lagging benefits of moving averages.
Generally a 25-day exponential moving average (EMA) is applied to the difference between two share prices, and
then a 13-day EMA is applied to the result, making the indicator more sensitive to prevailing market conditions.

Parameters:
period1: Period of the first EMA pass.
period2: Period of the second EMA pass.

Link: [Link]

Ultimate Oscillator
Function Name: UO
Category: Volatility, Oscillator
The Ultimate Oscillator is an oscillator that combines short, intermediate and long-range market cycles. It is primarily
used to identify divergences between the indicator and price activity, and works best in choppy or non-trending
markets.

The Ultimate Oscillator indicator calculates the sums of the True Ranges of the number of bars specified by the
Period1, Period2 and Period3 parameters. These sums are divided into the sums of the distance from the Close to
the Low. This value is weighted for the three lengths and plotted on the chart.

Study Reference 35
Divergences between the Ultimate Oscillator as well as a breakout in the trend of the indicator are significant signals.
For example, a bullish divergence is said to occur if market prices reach a new low but the indicator does not follow.
Conversely, a bearish divergence is said to occur if market prices reach a new high but the indicator does not follow.

Vertical Horizontal Filter

Function Name: VHFILT
Category: Trend
The Vertical Horizontal Filter ("VHF") indicator determines whether prices are in a trending phase or a congestion
phase. The VHF indicator attempts to determine the "trendiness" of prices to help you decide which indicators to use.

There are three ways to interpret the VHF indicator:

- You can use the VHF values themselves to determine the degree that prices are trending. The higher the VHF, the
higher the degree of trending and the more you should be using trend-following indicators.

- You can use the direction of the VHF to determine whether a trending or congestion phase is developing. A rising
VHF indicates a developing trend; a falling VHF indicates that prices may be entering a congestion phase.

- You can use the VHF as a contrarian's indicator. Expect congestion periods to follow high VHF values; expect prices
to trend following low VHF values.

Volatility
Function Name: VOLA
Category: Volatility, Statistics
The Volatility indicator calculates and plots a smoothed average of the True Range. True Range measures the
conventional range of a bar but checks the previous bar's closing price to see if it is outside the current bar's range. If
it is, then that closing price is used instead of the High or Low. That is, the previous bar's Close is considered part of
the current bar's range. This helps account for gaps between bars. This indicator may be considered a tool for
measuring the volatility of a market using a price range concept. Often, extremes in Volatility are associated with a
change in character of a market, from trending to trading range and vice versa. This volatility calculation, based on
True Range, returns a value in points.

Link: [Link]

Volatility Stops
Function Name: VOLST
Category: Volatility
Volatility Stops indicator

Volume Accumulation-Distribution
Function Name: VAD
Category: Volume
The Volume Accumulation-Distribution indicator is a further stage of the On Balance Volume indicator. In contrast to
the On Balance Volume, the overall trade volume is not taken into account, but rather a measured proportion
according to the relationship between closing price and the median price.

Study Reference 36
Author: Marc Chaikin
Link: [Link]

Volume Moving Average

Function Name: VMA
Category: Volume
The Volume Average indicator plots a 50-bar average of the volume overlaid on the current volume. You can change
the number of bars used to calculate the average.

Link: [Link]

Vortex Indicator
Function Name: VORT
Category: Trend
Link: [Link]

William's %R
Function Name: W%R
Category: Momentum
The Williams Percent R indicator shows the relationship between the current Close and the trading range over the
look back period. The values are then treated as an overbought/oversold indicator.

It can be used to indicate when to buy on troughs in bull markets and sell on rallies in bear markets. In general, this
indicator can help you take advantage of shorter-term counter trend moves occurring within longer-term trends as well
as indicate the best time to exit or enter a market.

An oversold market is believed to occur when the William's Percent R line is less than the BuyZone line. Conversely,
an overbought market is believed to occur when the Percent R line is greater than the SellZone line.

Link: [Link]

Woodie's Pivot Points

Function Name: WPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with Woodie's method

Link: [Link]

Zig Zag
Function Name: ZZ

Study Reference 37
Category: Swing
A trend following indicator that is used to predict when a given security's momentum is reversing. The indicator is
used by traders to eliminate random price fluctuations and attempts to profit when the trend changes. The Zig Zag
tool is often used in wave analysis to determine the positioning of the stock in the overall cycle. Like many trend
following indicators, the disadvantage is that the result is based off past price history and doesn't change direction
until a certain move occurs. Given the lag, many traders will want to use the Zig Zag indicator to confirm the direction
of the trend rather than timing an entry/exit.

Parameters:
Sensitivity - Minimum relative difference (given in percentage) between consecutive turnpoints on the zigzag line.

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 38
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October 2024

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