Personalpronomen, Personal Pronouns

ich I
du you (singular, informal)
er, sie, es he, she, it
wir we
ihr you (plural)
Sie, sie you (formal), they

bestimmte Artikel, Definite Articles = the

Singular Plural
Maskulin Feminin neutral
Nominativ die
der die das
- Der vater, the father
- Die mutter, the mother
- Das kind, the child
- Die kinder, the children

unbestimmte Artikel, indefinite Articles = a, an

Singular Plural
Maskulin Feminin neutral
Nominativ -------
ein eine ein
- ein vater, a father
- eine mutter, a mother
- ein kind, a child
- kinder, children
• The noun must be memorized with its definite article; otherwise, we won't
know the correct pronoun for the noun or its grammatical case.
• A plural noun has no indefinite article in German, but it can be replaced by
words like 'viele' (many) or by a number.
- Viele kinder, many children
 Conjugation of the verb in the present tense
- Every infinitive in the German language ends with "en" or "n", and
if we want to conjugate the verb according to the personal
pronouns, we follow these steps: -
1- Remove the infinitive ending "n" or "en" from the verb.
2- Add conjugation endings to the verb according to each personal pronoun.
- There are three types of verbs in the German language.
1- The weak verb.
2- The strong regular verb.
3- The strong irregular verb.
❖ The weak verb
The endings (e – st – t – en – t – en( come in this order according to the pronouns.
Notice the conjugation of the verb "wohnen". to live.
ich wohne
du wohnst
er, sie, es wohnt
wir wohnen
ihr wohnt
Sie, sie wohnen

▪ Ich wohne in Riyadh. I live in Riyadh.

▪ Du wohnst in Dammam. You live in Dammam.
▪ Er wohnt in Khobar. He lives in Khobar.
▪ Sie wohnt in Khobar. She lives in Khobar. (Singular form)
▪ Wir wohnen in kairo. We live in Cairo.
▪ Sie wohnen in Damaskus. You live in Damascus. (Form of respect)
▪ Sie wohnen in Damaskus. They live in Damascus. (Plural form)
Notes
- If you want to conjugate any weak verb in the German language, you must
use the conjugation endings that we mentioned earlier. Some examples of
these verbs are:
spielen to play kochen to cook
gehen to go kaufen to buy
lernen to learn holen to fetch
wohnen to live sagen to say
fragen to ask brauchen to need
schreiben to write beginnen to start
malen to paint schwimmen to swim
suchen to search erklären to explain
treiben to practice besuchen to visit
hören to hear bekommen to get

- if the verb stem ends with s, z, or ß, the ending "t" is used with "du" in
conjugation.
For example.
reisen to travel übersetzen to translate
heiβen to be called heizen to heat

- Du reist nach London.

- Du heiβt Nader.
- Du übersetzt den Text.
- Du heizt das Zimmer.
The verb stem here ends with one of the letters we mentioned, so with the pronoun
"du," the ending is not "st" but only "t," in order to avoid repeating the letter "s"
again.
 - If the verb stem ends with the letter "d" or "t," we add the letter "e" before
the conjugation endings with the pronouns "du, er, sie, es" and "ihr" in order
to avoid the meeting of consonants.
arbeiten to work kosten to cost
antworten to answer bilden to create

- Du arbeitest
- Er arbeitet
- Ihr arbeitet, And so on…

❖ The strong regular verb.

- These are strong verbs in which the vowel changes to another vowel, but
they have the same conjugation endings as weak verbs.
- This change occurs with the pronouns "du, er, sie, es" only.
- These verbs have three types: -

1- Verbs in which the vowel "e" changes to "i".

Notice the conjugation of the verb "sprechen". to speak
ich spreche
du sprichst
er, sie, es spricht
wir sprechen
ihr sprecht
Sie, sie sprechen
Some examples of these verbs are:
essen, isst to eat
nehmen to take
helfen to help
geben to give
treffen to meet
 2- Verbs in which the vowel " a" changes to " ä".
Notice the conjugation of the verb "fahren". to drive
ich fahre
du fährst
er, sie, es fährt
wir fahren
ihr fahrt
Sie, sie fahren
Some examples of these verbs are:
waschen to wash
laufen to run
schlafen to sleep
tragen to wear
braten to roast

3- Verbs in which the vowel "e" changes to "ie".

Notice the conjugation of the verb " sehen". to see
ich sehe
du siehst
er, sie, es sieht
wir sehen
ihr seht
Sie, sie sehen
Some examples of these verbs are:
Lesen to read
empfehlen to recommend
geschehen to happen
 ❖ The strong irregular verb
This type of verb has no specific rule; the verb is memorized with its conjugations
as it is.
For example, sein (to be) & haben (to have)
sein
ich bin
du bist
er, sie, es ist
wir sind
ihr seid
Sie, sie sind

haben
ich habe
du hast
er, sie, es hat
wir haben
ihr habt
Sie, sie haben

- Herr Ahmed ist Lehrer. Mr. Ahmed is a teacher.

- Huda ist hübsch. Huda is pretty.
- Wir sind hier. We are here.
- Ich habe kein Geld. I have no money.
- Mein vater hat ein Auto. My father has a car.