Lecture Notes: Konnektoren (Connectors) – B2 Level
Konnektoren (connectors) are words or phrases that link sentences or clauses together.
They show relationships such as cause, contrast, condition, time, or result. Using a variety of
connectors makes your speech and writing more fluent and logical — an essential skill for
the B2 level.
💡 Types of Konnektoren and Their Functions
Each connector has a specific role in expressing relationships between ideas. Below are the
main types of connectors with examples and sentence patterns.
1. Begründung (Reason / Cause)
• weil – because – introduces a subordinate clause, verb goes to the end
• denn – because – connects two main clauses, verb stays in second position
• da – since – formal, verb goes to the end
• nämlich – namely – explains or adds reason, follows the verb
2. Folge (Consequence / Result)
• deshalb – therefore
• deswegen – because of that
• daher – thus / for that reason
• darum – that’s why
• folglich – consequently
• infolgedessen – as a result
3. Gegensatz (Contrast / Opposition)
• aber – but
• jedoch – however
• trotzdem – nevertheless
• obwohl – although – verb goes to the end
• während – whereas / while – contrast meaning
4. Bedingung (Condition)
• wenn – if / whenever
• falls – in case / if
• sofern – provided that
• unter der Bedingung, dass – under the condition that
5. Zeit (Time)
• als – when (past single event)
• wenn – when / whenever (repeated or future events)
• bevor – before
• nachdem – after
• seit / seitdem – since
• sobald – as soon as
• während – while
• bis – until
6. Ziel / Zweck (Purpose)
• damit – so that (with a different subject)
• um ... zu – in order to (same subject)
7. Zusatz / Ergänzung (Addition)
• außerdem – besides / in addition
• ferner – furthermore
• zudem – moreover
• auch – also
• ebenfalls – likewise
🧩 Example Sentences
Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich in Deutschland arbeiten möchte.
→ I am learning German because I want to work in Germany.
Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn es regnet.
→ I stay at home because it’s raining.
Es regnet, deshalb nehme ich den Regenschirm.
→ It’s raining, therefore I’m taking the umbrella.
Ich gehe spazieren, obwohl es kalt ist.
→ I’m going for a walk although it’s cold.
Wenn ich Zeit habe, lese ich ein Buch.
→ When I have time, I read a book.
Ich lerne viel, damit ich die Prüfung bestehe.
→ I study a lot so that I can pass the exam.
Zuerst frühstücke ich, danach gehe ich zur Arbeit.
→ First I eat breakfast, then I go to work.
📝 Tips for Using Konnektoren
✅ Pay attention to word order: subordinating connectors (e.g., weil, dass, obwohl) send the
verb to the end of the clause.
✅ Coordinating connectors (e.g., und, oder, aber, denn) do not change word order.
✅ Sentence connectors (e.g., deshalb, trotzdem, außerdem) take the first position; the verb
follows immediately after.
✅ Use a mix of connectors to make your speaking and writing more natural and fluent.
🧠 Mini Exercise
Fill in the blanks with a suitable connector:
1. Ich gehe nicht schwimmen, _______ ich krank bin.
2. Es ist spät, _______ wir gehen jetzt nach Hause.
3. _______ es regnet, spiele ich drinnen.
4. Ich trinke Kaffee, _______ ich müde bin.
5. Wir gehen ins Kino, _______ wir Zeit haben.