Scribd
Hochladen
6 Ansichten38 Seiten

Circles

Das Dokument behandelt die Eigenschaften von Kreisen, insbesondere die Konzepte von Sekanten und Tangenten. Es definiert eine Sekante als eine Linie, die einen Kreis in zwei Punkten schneidet, und eine Tangente als eine Linie, die einen Kreis in genau einem Punkt berührt. Zudem werden verschiedene Aktivitäten und Theoreme vorgestellt, die die Beziehung zwischen Tangenten, Radien und anderen geometrischen Elementen eines Kreises veranschaulichen.

Hochgeladen von

ashmita07w2010
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
Wir nehmen die Rechte an Inhalten ernst. Wenn Sie vermuten, dass dies Ihr Inhalt ist, beanspruchen Sie ihn hier.
Verfügbare Formate
Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
6 Ansichten38 Seiten

Circles

Das Dokument behandelt die Eigenschaften von Kreisen, insbesondere die Konzepte von Sekanten und Tangenten. Es definiert eine Sekante als eine Linie, die einen Kreis in zwei Punkten schneidet, und eine Tangente als eine Linie, die einen Kreis in genau einem Punkt berührt. Zudem werden verschiedene Aktivitäten und Theoreme vorgestellt, die die Beziehung zwischen Tangenten, Radien und anderen geometrischen Elementen eines Kreises veranschaulichen.

Hochgeladen von

ashmita07w2010
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
Wir nehmen die Rechte an Inhalten ernst. Wenn Sie vermuten, dass dies Ihr Inhalt ist, beanspruchen Sie ihn hier.
Verfügbare Formate
Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
CIRCLES cant ANDTANGENT have studied that a circle isa collection of a ant ae, sq aistanee from B ae a The fixed point is called the centre and the constant i known as the ra fs ae navealso studied various terms related to a circle like ent, sector, arcete, Let us now see, how many different positions a line can take all points in a plane which are at a st at givencirele, pets _ ca cicle C(O, 1) and a Tine / in a plane, We find that there are three different er eshowwn in Fig 8.1 to! CX y 1 0 @ i) Fig. 8.1 Wien the line 1 intersects the circle in two distinct points : Since a circle cannot pass ugh three collinear points, So, the line J intersects the citcle in two points only. In ha case the line | is called a secant of the circle. Thus, we have the following ddinition: secant A line which intersects a circle in tvo distinct points is called a secant of the circle. i) When the line | intersects the circle in only one point : In this «ae the line is said to be a tangent to the circle and point is alld the point of contact of the tangent. The concept of tangent obe understood as follows: Consider a secant PQ of a circle intersecting it in two points P 24 [Link] we rotate the secant about the point P so that the point comes nearer and nearer to the point P, we find that stimately the point Q will coincide with P. In this case the two fn of intersection will coincide aid the secant will touch the ‘cleat P. Thus, we have the following definition: WNGENT A tangent to a circle isa line that intersects the circle in exactly one point Bereint is called the point of contact of the tangent and the line is said to touch the at this point. ‘ord tangent is originated from the Latin word TANGERE which means Fig.8.2 “to touch’. at Mating, es NOL The point of contact is the only point which is common to the tangent aud the cireh other point on the tangent lies outside the circle. Thus, of al the points on a tangeny b Cand, ‘ Airey point of contact is nearest to the centre of the circle. a and the existence of the tangent to a circle at a point let yg Potton y In order to under following activities ACTIVITY 1 Draw a circle and a secant AB of the circle on a paper, Now, dra lines parallel to the secant AB onboth sides oft, You will find that the lengthsea', "toy, by the lines will decrease as we go away from the secant AB as shown in py 'sqg will also notice that on two sides of secant AB, A, B, and A, B, are the limiting ea 3. Yoy secants when the lengths of the chords cut become zer0. These are the tamper circle parallel to the secant AB. It is evident from the above activity that there cannotbe, than two tangents parallel to the given secant or in general, to a given line, 4 establishes that a tangents the secant when both ofthe end points ofthe corre ing chord coincide. By a ep Es. Fig. 8.3 ACTIVITY 2 Take a circular wire and a straight wire AB. Attach the straight wire AB ata point P of the circular wire in such a way that AB can rotate about the point P in a plane. Put the system on a table and rotate wire AB about point P to get different positions ofthe wire as shown in Fig. 8.4. You will see that the wire AB intersects the circular wire at P and at another point Q, or Q, etc. when it is rotated in clockwise sense about point P. And in one position A, B; it will intersect the circle just at point P only. In fact, it becomes tangent to the circular wire at P. This shows that a tangent exists at a point P on the circle. Now, if we rotate wire AB in anticlockwise sense about point P, it will intersect the citcle at P and an another point R, or R, etc. In position A, B, it intersects the circle at P only Thus, there is only one tangent at point P. This activity establishes that the tangent at a point P to a circle is the limiting position of secants PQ), PQz, PRy, PRyetc. through P when Q,, Q,, Ry, Ry etc. coincide with P. Fig. 8.4 8.2 SOME PROPERTIES OF TANGENT TO A CIRCLE . If you look at the wheels of a bicycle you will find that its all spokes are along its radi. When a bicycle runs, its wheels move along the lines which are tangents at the poll where they touch the ground. You will also notice that in all positions, the radii throu the points of contact with the ground appear to be at right angle to the tangent Wee now prove this property and some other properties of tangents to a circle as theorems 2012, 14! INCERT, CBSE 2009, 2012, 14 ircle is t. THEOREM 1 A tangent toa circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contac 83 circle (0, “anda tangent ABatapoint P: pt op LAB - +. Take any point Q, other than Pon the 4 OQ meets the circleat R, . angent AB, oo) supP® Jo geknowrthatamong all ine segmentsjoining the point Wey Al the shortest one perpendicular AB bs OP 1 AB, itis sufficient to prove that OP is sho ‘et “eaegmentjoiningOtoany pointofAB, op = OR OR + RQ Fig.8.5 i of the same circle] z 00 Nw 9Qg> OR fog OP [- oP = OR] fF op<0Q © psshorerttanany other segmenting 0toany pinto AB A OP LAB. Hee QED. «oh Theconcerseofthe above theorem isasotruens given belo. panne? A line drawn through theend point of a radius and perpendicular to it isa tangent to the {NCERT, CBSE 2012, 2013] fren A radius OP of a circle C (O, 1) and a line APB, sependicular to OP. F poe: ABisa tangent to the circle at the point P. root Take a point Q, different from P, on the line AB. Now, OP LAB. = Among all the line segments joining O to a point on he ‘AB, OP is the shortest : : LNB EB oP<0Q Fig. 86 > 0Q>0P = Qlies outside the circle. Thus every point on AB, other than P, lies outside the circle. This shows that AB meets thecircle only at the point P. Hence, AB is a tangent to the circle at P. QED. EEUARK The above theorem provides us a method of constructing a tangent at a given point to tom cre, For this we dro a line through the given point perpendicular to the radius at the sepa, ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES BASED ON BASIC CONCEPTS (BASIC) SAMPLE 1 A tangent PQ at a point P ofa circle of radius Sem meetsa ine through the centre O ata int Qs0 that OQ = 13 em. Find the length of PQ {NCERT] ar to the radius through that point. 'SHION Since tangent at a point is perpendicul *elore, OP is perpendicular to PQ. In right triangle OPQ, we have MATHEMATIgg ? sa ng, Pythagoras theorem] 0g? = op? + PQ? [U 13? + PQ? > ‘5, > PQ? = 169-25 = 144 , Fig. 8.7 6 > PQ = 12cm. KAMPLE 2 Aline through the centre O ofa circle of radius 7 em cuts the tangent, atapoint Pon ty, eat Qsuch that PQ = 24cm. Find OQ- SOLUTION Since tangent ata point on a circle is perp lar to the radius through the point. Therefore, OP is perpen- dicular to PQ. In right triangle OPQ, we have [> end OQ? = OP? + PQ? > OQ? = 7? +24? P hem 5 > OQ? = 494576 = OQ? = 625 > OQ = 25cm. ace BASED ON LOWER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (LOTS) EXAMPLE 3 Show that tangent linesat theend points ofadiameter ofacircleare parallel. [CBSE 2014, 2017, 2024, NCERT] 8 8 $ SOLUTION Let AB bea diameter ofa given circle, and let PQand RS be the tangent lines drawn to the circle at points A and B respectively. Since tangent at a point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point. AB L PQand AB 1 RS > ZPAB = 90° and ZABS = 90° é a a > ZPAB = ZABS Fig.0.9 > PQ|RS [-: ZPABand ZABS are alternate angles] ts all those chords which are parallel to [NCERT EXEMPLAR} EXAMPLE 4 Prove that a diameter AB of a circle the tangent at the point A. SOLUTION Let O be the centre of the circle and let line ‘I’ be A the tangent to the circle at point A. Let PQ be a chord of the circle such that PQ || 1. We have to prove that the diameter | AB bisects chord PQ i.e. PM = QM. Since the radius drawn By P a a 3 through the point of contact of a tangent to the circle is perpendicular to the tangent. “ OA LI => 21=90° (i) Since, PQ||/ and transversal AB cuts them at A and M respectively. Fig. 8.10 5 M222 [Corresponding angles] > 22 = 90° [Using (] > OM 1 PQ [ Perpendicular drawn from the centre “| > PM =QM . the circle to any chord bisects the chord cus pbiseets chord PQ. eter AB bisects all those chords which are dian Parallel to the tangent line [at the 14 mes Abisachord ofa circle with ceutre O, AOC isa diameter and AT is the tangent at A as S11. Provethat ZBAT. ni ives ne ZACB + ZCAB = 90° afi) i 7 Fig. 8.11 OA LAT = ZOAT = 90° = ZCAT = 90° => ZCAB+ ZBAT =90° (ii) From (and (i), we obtain ZACB + CAB = ZCAB + ZBAT = ZACB = ZBAT panrLe 6 I Fig. 8.12, the tangent at a point C of a circle and diameter when extended in that AT is tangent to the circle at A and OA is radius [Link] ZPCA = 110°, find ZCBA. INCERT EXEMPLAR] {quti0N Join CO. Clearly, AB isa diameter ofthe circle. SUN TAC = 90° [Angle in a semi-circle] gu, ZPCA = 110° [Given ZPCB + ZACB = 110° => ZPCB + 90° = 110° => ZPCB = 20° PCis tangent to the circle at C and OC is the radius through C. Therefore, Oc L PC = ZOCP = 90° = ZOCB + ZPCB = 90° = ZOCB + 20° = 90° = ZOCB = 70° (i) Jn AOCB, we have 2 OC = OB [Radii of the same circle] ZOBC = ZOCB ZOBC = 70° [Using (i)] ZCBA = 70° [- ZOBC = ZCBA] Fig.6.12 BAMPLE 7 Prove that the segment joining the points of contact of two parallel tangents passes through the centre. [CBSE 2014] e A Q SOLUTION Let PAQ and RBS be two parallel tangents to a : Grele with centre O. Join OA and OB. Draw OC || PQ. Now, [Link] ; 4 Sum of the angles on the same 4PAO + ZCOA = 180° | side of a transversal is 180° R 8 s Fig. 8.13 > 90+ ZCOA = 180° [ 2PAO = Angle between a tangent and radius = 90°} > COA = 90° 86 MATH Similarly, ZCOR = 90° ECOA + COR = 90° + 90° = 180° Hence, AOB isa straight line passing through O. BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) EXAMPLES A chord PQ ofa circle is parallel tothe tangent drawn ata point Ron the cine p, |! t cts theare PRQ. INCERT Expy | SOLUTION Let line ’be the tangent to the circle with centre Oat R point R such that PQ |j]. We have to prove that R bisects arc! PRQ. Join OP, OQ and OR. Suppose OR cuts the chord PQat M. We know that the radius drawn through the point of contact of a tangent to the circle is perpendicular to it. OR 11 21=90° (i) i Since, PQ||I and transversal OR cuts them at M and R Fig.a14 ! respectively. : of [Corresponding angles = 22=90° Wsing (yy) But 224.23 . (Linear pais) > 90° + 23 = 180° = 23 = 90° ly In AsOMP and OMQ, we have - a = 2-23 [Each equal to. 90 = OP =0Q. [Each equal to radius] > OM = OM [Common] So, by using RHS congruence criterion, we obtain AOMP = AOMQ > ZPOM = ZQOM [[Link]] > ZPOR = ZQOR = m(PR) = m(QR) = PR = OR Hence, R bisects the arc PQ. EXAMPLE 9 Prove that the tangent drawn at the mid-point of an arc of a circle is parallel to the chord joining the end-points of the arc, [NCERT EXEMPLAR) [ SOLUTION Let P be the mid-point of an arc APB of a circle with centre O and let‘ be the tangent to the circle at P. We have to prove that chord AB is parallel to ‘I’. Join OA, OB and OP. Suppose OP cuts chord AB at M. It is given that P is the mid- pointofarc APB. le i AP = BP iigc Pp ° Fig.8.15 p = ZAOP = ZBOP [++ Equalarcs of a circle subtend equal angles at the circle] = ZAOM = ZBOM li) Thus, in As AOM and BOM, we have AOE [Radi of the same circle] ZAOM = ZBOM [From (i)] and, OM = OM [Common] So, by using SAS congruence criterion, we obtain 87 MoM = ABOM = ZAMO = 28MO 4mo.+ ZBMO = 180° UAMO = 180° => ZAMO = 99° fepct] [Linear pair axiom] ) e radius drawn th ° one tal Ln ea n through the point of contact of a tangent to the circle is ee aiclae © " pr op it => ZOPC = 90° cl (iii), we Bet yn id fom "AMO = ZOPC (ili) sais AB and [are cut by the transversal OP at Mand P such that ZAMO = ZOPC line dim onding angles are equal. Therefore, AB | io Prove that the perpendicular at the point o le pa gh the centre of the circle. point of contact to the tangent to a circle Hee Let P be a point on a circle with centre O and li SON Let P Be intre O and line I stu to the circle at P. Let PQ be perpendicular to the th 5.00 ng line at P. 4 vase to prove that PQ passes through the centre 0 of the ° Je, Lot us assume that PQ does not pass through the centre Afthe circle. Join OP. Gee the radius drawn through the point of contact of a P f tangent (0 the circle is perpendicular to the tangent. Fig. 8.16 perefore, OP LT Ako, QPL I. fut, this is not possible unless PO and PQ coincide each other. So, our supposition is rong, Hence, PQ passes through the centre O of the circle. parle 11 AB is a diameter and AC is a chord of a circle with centre O such that ZBAC = 30°- The tangent at C intersects AB produced at a point D. Prove that BC = BD. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Join OC. In AOAC, we find that 0A =OC [Radii of the same circle] = ZACO= ZOAC [Angles opposite to equal sides] = ZACO = 30° Itis given that AB is a diameter of the circle and C is a Toint on the semi-circle, Therefore, ZACB = 90° ZOCB = ZACB - ZACO = 90° - 30° = 60°. Using angle sum property in ABC, we obtain ZBAC + ZACB + ZABC = 180° > 30° +.90°+ ZABC = 180° > ZABC = 60° = £cBD = 120° ZABC and ZCBD form linear pair] a the radius drawn through the point of contact of a tangent to a circle is “pendicular to the tangent. 0c 1. cD Vi ZOCD = 90° = ZOCB + ZBCD = 90° > 60° + ZBCD = 90° = BCD = 30° 'Sangle sum property in ABCD, we obtain Fig. 8.17 MATHEN, | ATicg, BCD + ZCBD + ZBDC = 180° : 30° + 120° + ZBDC = 180° = ZBDC = 30 Thus, in ABCD, we have ; UCD = ZRDC = 30° > BD = BC [Sides opposite to equal angles in kc) itis BASIC a) 1, Fillin the blanks: (i) The common point of a tangent and the circle is called . — (ii) Accircle may have ss... parallel tangents. were (ii) A tangent to a circle intersects it in... point(s) isceny (iv) A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a... INcERy) (0) Theangle between tangent at point ona circle and the radius through the points. 2. How many tangents can a circle have? (NCEE, 3. is the centre ofa circle of radius 8 cm. The tangentata point A on the circle cuts line throug, Oat B such that AB = 15 cm. Find OB. 4. If the tangent at a point P to a circle with centre O cuts a line through O at Q such tha PQ = 24 cm and OQ = 25 cm. Find the radius of the circle. x ANSWERS 1. (i) Pointofcontact (i) infinitely many (iii) one (iv) secant (v) 90°, 2. Infinitely many 3. 17cm. 4. 7cm. 8.3 TANGENTS FROM APOINTTO A CIRCLE In this section, we will learn about the number of tangents drawn from a point to a circle. We will also learn some properties of these tangents. In order to have an idea of the number of tangents drawn from a point to a circle, let us perform the following activity: ACTIVITY Draw a circle on a paper and take a point P inside it. Let us now try to draw a tangent to the circle through this point QZ P. We observe that all the lines through point P intersect the ‘> circle in two distinct points. Therefore, none of them can be a wa tangent to the circle as shown in Fig. 8.18. Now, take a point P on the circle. We have discussed in section 8.2 that there exists one and only one tangent to a circle at a given point on it. So, there is only one tangent to the circle at Fig. 8.18 point P as shown in Fig. 8.19(i). : 0 Fig. 8.19 ® ‘ae 89 ier etakea point Poutside the cit ae ethat we ean draw exactly two eo 8 nd try to draw tangents to the circle from point angents to the circle through point Pas shown (i) reat? marized as follows: No tangent can be drawn to a circle from a point lying inside it. i) O" and only one tangent can be drawn toa circle ata point on the circle. © Gy Te tangents can be drawn to a circle from a point lying outside it. _, 819i), PT; and PT; are two tangents drawn from a point P lying outside the circle. * tangents touch the circle at T; and T, respectively. So, T, and T; are known as the Ysofcontactof tangents PT, and PT, respectively. sexcTt OFTANGENT The length of the segment ofthe tangent between the point and the given point geontact itl the circle is called the length of the tangent from the point to the circle. jpFg.619(0), PT) and PT; are the lengths of tangents from point Pto the circle. spberallowing theorem, we will prove that these two lengthsare equal. sone 9 The legis of two tangents dracon from an external point toa circleare equal. INCERT, CBSE 2008, 09, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18] wer: AP and AQ are two tangents from a point A toa Pp A Inorder to prove that AP = AQ, we shall first prove e a tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to ° Fig. 8.20 - OP LAP and OQ 1 AQ. => ZOPA = ZOQA = 90° i) Now, in right triangles OPA and OQA, we have oP = 0 [Radii of a circle ZOPA = ZOQA [From (i) OA =0A [Common] $0, by RHS-criterion of congruence, we get AOPA=AOQA = AP=AQ OED. OREM 4 If two tangents are drazon to a circle from an external point, then: (i) they subtend equal angles at the centre, {ii) they are equally inclined to the segment, joining the centre to that point i.e. the centre lies (on the bisector of the angle between the tangents. INCERT EXEMPLAR] en: A circle C (O, r) and a point A outside the circle such that AP and AQ are the tangents drawn to the circle from p Jo Prove: (i) ZAOP = ZAOQ (ii) ZOAP = Z0AQ. , In right triangles OAP and OAQ, we have AP = AQ [Tangents from an external point are equal ] OP =0Q [Radii of a circle] a Fig.821 OA =0A [Common] MATE 810 ence, we have S-criterion of congruence, We , \OAP = AOAQ => ZAOP = ZAOQ and ZOAP = ZOAQ. prem that the contre of the circle li fact can be used in drawing circles acircle can be drawn to So, by REMARK It follows from the above the ctor of ZPAQ. This, fouching two intersecting lines. In particular, touch all the three sides ofa triangle as discussed below: -_ sanele bisectors ofany Hwvoangles, say ZBan Let ABC bea triangle. Draw angle bisectors ofany m ZC. Suppose they intersect at O. Then, as Oliies on the angle bisectors of Band ZC. acirele can be drawn with centre O to touch AB, BCand AC. The radius of the circle will be the length of the perpendicular from oon any side. This circle is called the incircle of A ABC and its centre is callec the incentre of ABC. on the angle bi ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES BASED ON BASIC CONCEPTS (BASIC) Type TON FINDING THE LENGTH OF THE TANGENT OR RADIUS OF A CIRCLE EXAMPLE 1 A point P is 13cm from the centre of the circle. The length of the tangent drawn, ifromp to the circle is 12 cm. Find the radius of the circle. SOLUTION Since tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the ? radius through the point of contact. Therefore, o ZOTP=90°. Applying Pythagoras Theorem in right x triangle OTP, we obtain 2 2 2 P 130m OP? = OT? + PT? = OT? = Op? - PT? > OT? = 13? - 12? = (13-12)(13+12) = 25 => OT =5. Fig. 0.23 Hence, radius of the circle is 5 cm. EXAMPLE 2 Find the length of the tangent drawn from a point whose distance from the centre of a circle is 25 cm. Given that the radius of the circle is 7 cm. SOLUTION Let P be the given point, O be the centre of the circle and PT be the length of tangent from P. Then, OP = 25 cm and OT = 7 cm. Since tangent to a circle is always perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. Therefore, ZOTP = 90° Using Pythagoras Theorem in right triangle OTP, we obtain OP? = OT? + PT? = PT? = OP? - oT? ro02 > PT? = 25° -7? =(25-7)(25+7)=576 => PT = 24cm. Hence, length of tangent from P is 24 cm. Po 25cm BASED ON THE RESULT THAT THE TANGENTS DRAWN FROM AN EXTERIOR POINT TO A CIRCLE ARE EQUAL IN LENGTH EXAMPLE 3 In Fig. 8.25, if AB= AC, prove that BE = EC. ABC is an isoscel Ma is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC, circumscribed mi ! le i = AC, about a circle, as shown Fig. 8.25. Prove that the base is bisected by the point of contact. {CBSE 2008, 2012, 20141 Type IL ail [Tangents from A] [Tangents from B] [Tangents from C] ... AC ~ AD [Subtracting AD from both sides] ® £ 1c - AF [Using (i)] Fig. 8.25 (Using (ii)] Bi [Using (iii)] put 4 In Fig. 8.26, XP and XQ are tangents from X to the circle with centre O. R is on the circle. Prove that, XA + AR = XB + BR [CBSE 2014] ELUTION Since lengths of tangents from an exterior point to a je are equal. XP = XQ_ [Tangents from X] AP = AR [Tangents from A] BQ=BR_ [Tangents from B] ae Fig. 8.26 XA+AP = XB+BQ => XA+AR=XB+BR [Using (i) and (ii)] AMPLE 5 In Fig. 8.27, t3vo circles touch each other at the point C. Prove that the common tangent thecircles at C, bisects the common tangent at Pand Q. E 2013, 20] SOLUTION We know that the tangents drawn from an fk e gxtemal point to a circle are equal. \/7 RP = RCand RC = RQ RP =RQ Ris the mid-point of PQ. Fig.8.27 PLE 6 A circle touches all the four sides ofa quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that: AB+CD = BC + DA. {NCERT, CBSE 2008, 09, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17] DLUTION Since tangents drawn from an exterior point toa circle Te equal in length. 4 P P AP = AS [Tangents from A] ...(i Va Ni BP = BQ {Tangents from B] i e a cCR=CQ [Tangents from C] ...(iii) v/\ DR = DS {Tangents from D] ...(iv) NN rn ding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ+CQ+ DS (AP + BP) +(CR + DR) = (AS + DS) +(BQ+CQ) => AB+CD = AD +BC- ‘MPLE 7 PA and PB are tangents from P to the circle with centre O. At point M, a tangent is Mion cutting PA at Kand PBat N. Prove that KN = AK + BN. Fig. 8.28 812 nts drawn from an external SOLUTION We know that the tans Point to a circle are equal in length. PA = PB [Tangents from P} «(i KA = KM [Tangents from K] (ii) and, -NB= [Tangents from N] «(ii Adding (ii) and (iii), we get KA+NB=KM+NM = AK+BN = KM+MN => AK+BN=KN gf EXAMPLE 8 Prove that the tangents at the extremities of any chord make equal Angles rwiy { INCERT EXEMPLAR cost the 17, chord. SOLUTION Let AB bea chord ofa circle with centre O, and let AP and BP be the tangents at A and B respectively. Suppose 4 the tangents meetat P. Join OP. Suppose OP meets ABat C. We have toprove that ZPAC = ZPBC. In triangles PCA and PCB, we have 7 @ PA = PB [‘: Tangents from an external point are equal ] ZAPC = ZBPC [+> PA and PB are equally inclined to OP] and, PC=PC [Common] Fig. 8.30 So, by SAS-criterion of congruence, we obtain APAC = APBC = ZPAC = ZPBC lepct) EXAMPLE 9 Prove that the angle between two tangents drawn from an external point tp 4 circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line segments joining the points contact at the centre. INCERT, CBSE 2973 SOLUTION Let PA and PB be two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle with centre O. We have to prove that angles ZAOBand ZAPB are supplementary ie. ZAOB + ZAPB = 180°. In right triangles OAP and OBP, we have [Tangents drawn from an external point are equal] PA =PB OA=08 [Each equal to radius] and, OP = OP [Common] So, by $$S-criterion of congruence, we obtain -T\ AOAP = AOBP P => ZOPA= ZOPBand ZAOP = ZBOP N/ => ZAPB=[Link] ZAOB = 2.2 AOP (i) But, ZAOP = 90°- zopA _[‘" AOAP is right triangle ] Fig.0.31 c [Link] = 180°~2 ZOPA > ZAOB = 180° ~ ZAPB [Using (i)] > ZAOB + ZAPB = 180° i.e. the quadrilateral APBO is a cyclic quadrilateral. ‘Type III BASED ON THE RESULT THAT THE TANGENT TO A CIRCLE AT A POINT IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE RADIUS THROUGH THE POINT EXAMPLE 10 In two concentric circles, prove that a chord. oflarger circle which is tangent tosmaller circle is bisected at the point of contact. {cBse 20121 813, et Obe the common centre of two concentric circles, and chord of the larger citcle touching the smaller circle at P. (OPisthe radius of thesmaller circle and AB isa yTi0N pees gap since a langent orseata point! op LAB at the perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to he circle, bisects the chord. owt ghondot th 4 op | AB => AP = BP Fig. 6.32 Be, ABS bisected at P. ane 17 I FCO concentric circles, a chord of length 24 cm of larger circle becomesa tangent to Baer cit chose radius 5c, Find the adiusof the larger circle. {TION Let O be the centre of concentric circles and APB be the chord of length 24 cm, = pe larger citcle touching the smaller circle at P. Then, OP L ABand P is the mid- OA? = 8 +12? = 169 > OA= 13cm Force, the radius of the larger circle is 13 em. Fig. 8.33 SXAMPLE 12 Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the wer circle which touches the smaller circle. [NCERT, CBSE 2023] SOLUTION Let Obe the centre of the concentric circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm respectively. Let ABbea chord of the larger circle touching the smaller circle at P. Then. AP = PBand OP L AB Applying Pythagoras theorem in AOPA , we obtain OA? = OP? + AP* ae 4 AP? = OA? - OP’ We A AP? = 25-9 =16 => AP =4em Saez AB = 2AP = 8 cm Fig.8.34 PLE 13. Out of the two concentric circles, the radius of the outer circle is 5 cm and the id AC of length 8 cm is tangent to the inner circle. Find the radius of the inner circle. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Let O be the centre of concentric circles and AC be a chord of the outer circle buching the inner circle at P. Then, OP 1 AC and P is the mid-point of AC. It is given sthat AC = 8 cm. Therefore, AP = CP = 4 cm. It isalso given that OA =5 cm. ‘pplying Pythagoras theorem in right triangle APO, we obtain OA? = AP? + OP? OP? = OA? ~ AP* = 5? - 4? = 9 => OP =3cm fnce, the radius of the inner circle is 3 cm. Fig. 8.35 PAMPLE 14 IF dy, dy (dy > d,) be the diameters of two concentric circles and C be the length 4 chord of a circle which is tangent to the other circle, prove that d,* = c? + dy”. INCERT EXEMPLAR] e 8 EM At ; $ SOLUTION LetObethecommon cenie afte concent circles of diameter Gang g that dy > dj. Let Altbe achord of engthe of hebigger citclesuch Hat AB touchy: gf Su Tall lr circle at P, Then, OP L AB and Pis the mid-point of AB. PA=PB=f a d p= Itis given that OA = eo and OP = i ; Applying Pythagoras theorem in AOPA ,weoblain 2 rT OA? = AP? + OP? = 4) -(5) (3) Sdgadsd?, Pex - 2) “\2) *k2 EXAMPLE 1 In ig. 8.37, Oisthe centreafthe circle, PA and PB are tangent segments, Y ‘Ow tp the quadrilateral AOBP is cyclic. INCERT EXE Np ne SOLUTION Since tangent at a point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point. OA 1 AP and OB 1 BP N > ZOAP = 90° and ZOBP = 90° | > ZOAP + ZOBP = 90° + 90° = 180° i) | Using angle sum property in quadrilateral OAPB, we obtain ZOAP + ZAPB + ZAOB + ZOBP = 360° > (ZAPB + ZAOB) + (ZOAP + ZOBP) = 360° = ZAPB + ZAOB + 180° = 360° [Using (i > ZAPB + ZAOB = 180° i) From (i) and (ii), we can say that the quadrilateral AOBP is cyclic. BASED ON LOWER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (LOTS) Type BASED ON THE RESULT THAT TANGENTS DRAWN FROM AN EXTERIOR POINT TO A CIRCLE ARE EQUAL IN LENGTH EXAMPLE 16 A circle is touching the side BC of & ABC at Pand touching AB and AC producedat Quand R respectively. Prove that AQ= ; (Perimeter of A ABC). [CBSE 2000, 01, 02, 2023, NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Since tangents from an exterior point to a circle are equal in length. BP = BQ [Tangents from B] _...(i) CP=CR [Tangents from C] i and, AQ=AR [Tangents from A] From (iii), we have AQ=AR > AB+BQ= AC+CR > AB+ BP = AC+CP [Using (i) and (ii) wiv) Now, Perimeter of 4 ABC = AB+ BC + AC = AB+(BP + PC) + AC Fig. 8.38 = (AB + BP) +(AC + PC) =2(4B + BP) [Using ()] = 2(AB+ BQ) = 2AQ [Using (i) ma BF 40 ' (Perimoterof A ABC) 5 From an external point P, oo tangents PA and PB are di il 1 sa fis rete i are drawn to a circle with vt" atone point E on the circle tangent is dracon which intersects PA and PB at C and D al yf PA = 10cm, find the perimeter of APCD, INCERT EXEMPLAR] jangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal in length. pp = Wem {Given} cA= CE and DB = DE x and DB= y. Then, CE = x and DE = y pc = (10 - x)emand PD = (10 y)em, perimeter of APCD = PC +CD + PD = PC+(CE+DE)+PD = (10— x) + (x+y) + (10-y) = 20cm Fig. 8.38 x From Example 16, we find that Perimeter of APCD = 2PA = 2x 10cm = 20cm MPLE 18 A is a point at a distance 13 cm from the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm. AP |AQare the tangents to the circle at P and Q. Ifa tangent BC is drawn at a point R lying on minor arc PQ to intersect AP at Band AQat C, find the perimeter of AABC- q [NCERT EXEMPLAR] 2 tA yTioN Applying Pythagoras theorem in right triangle we obtain OA? = AP? + OP? AP* = OA? - OP? = 13? - 5? = 144 AP = 12cm fing as in the above example, we obtain Perimeter of AABC = 2 AP = 24cm. Fig. 8.40 \MPLE 19 In Fig. 8.41, the incircle of 4 ABC touches the sides BC, CA and AB at D, E and jvely. Show that AF + BD + CE = AE + BE+CD= (Perimeter of A ABC) LUTION Since lengths of the tangents from an exterior point to a circle are equal. AF = AE [Tangents from A] ) ‘ BD = BE [Tangents from B] ) | CE=CD [Tangents from C] ) iding (i), (i) and (iii), we get AF + BD + CE = AE + BF +CD 5 E Perimeterof AABC = AB+ BC + AC =(AF+FB)+(BD+CD)+(AE+EC) 5 5 . =(AF+AE)+(BF+BD)+(CD+CE) Fig.8.41 =2AF+2BD+2CE [Using(i), (i) andii)] =2(AF+BD+CE) € OS 816 MATH Many Kes AP + BD «CE = 1(Perimeter of A ABC) 2 _ Hence, AF + BD + CE = AE + BF +CD Perimeter of A ABC) ine sites AB, BCand CA of triangle ABC touclva circte ty cy MO EXAMPLE 20 Int Fig, 8.4 raditis rat P, Qand R resp Prove that: (i) AB+CQ=AC+BQ (ii) Area (AABC) = 4 (Perimeter of ABC) xr rely. [CBSE 2013] SOLUTION We know that lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. AP = AR, BP = BQand CQ = CR @ AB+CQ = AP +PB+CQ = AR+BQ+CQ [- AP = (AR + CR) + BQ = AC+BQ f = Ag} Gi) Area (AABC) = Area (AOBC) + Area (AOAB) + Area (AOAC) = Fuec x0Q)+ jap oP) + duac OR) = FBC 1) + ABs 1) + (AC 1) = FU8C+ AB +AC)xr = 4 @erimeter of AABC) xr REMARK Jf 2s is the perimeter of AABC and A denotes its area, then from the above example, weobiain A= sr ar=4. 3 EXAMPLE 21 Ifa hexagon ABCDEF circumscribes a circle, prove that AB+CD+EF =BC+DE+FA. [NCERT EXEMPLAR) SOLUTION Let O be the centre of the circle touching sides AB, aa) BC, CD, DE, EF and FA at P, Q, R, S, Tand U respectively. The YY lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. F( )e AP=AU, BP=BQ,CQ=CR, DR=DS, ES=ET and FU=FT (i) o Now, weL_Z7 APB AB + CD + EF = (AP + PB) + (CR + DR) + (ET + TF) Fig. 8.43, [Using (] = (AU + PB) + (CQ + DS) + (ES + FU) = (AU + FU) + (BQ + CQ) + (DS + ES) = AF +BC+DE =BC+DE+FA EXAMPLE 22 Let sdenote the semi perimeter ofa triangle ABC in which BC =a, CA = band AB=¢./f@ circle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F respectively, prove that AF = AE =5~% BD = BF =s-band CD =CE=s~c, [NCERT EXEMPLAR] 8l7 neo a drawn from an external pointtoa circle are equal. 2 AE, ap=t BF and CD = CE A = (D+ DC) + (CE + AE) + (AF + BF) / \ 0 pp + DC) + (CD + AF) + (AF + BD) 2(BD + DC) + 2AF Fig. 0.44 aBC + 2AF = 2s=20+2AF => AF=s-a = AF=AE=s-a C+ CA+ AB gD +CD) + (CE + AE) + (AF + FB) BF + CE) + (CE + AE) + (AE + FB) 5 = 2BF + 2(AE + CE) © 332 2BF +2AC => 2s = 2BF +2b = BF =s-b > BD=BF=s-b geil we can prove that CD =CE=s-c. Sant 23 Ufa, c-are the sides of «right triangle where cis the hypotenuse, xm prove that the atb-c Hus r of the circle which touches the sides of the triangle is given by r = 2 {NCERT EXEMPLAR] rose, here si the semi: perimeter ofthe triangle Gqusi0N Let the circle touches the sides BC, CA and AB of the right triangle ABC at D, E od errecively. Further, let BC = @,CA=b and AB=c. isgiven tha the triangle ABC is right angled at C. ‘ ABE =BC2+ AC? => cP =a? +h? Te length of tangents drawn from a point to a circle are equal. AE = AF,CD = CE and BD = BF Yiecbserve that CD = OE and CE = OD. CD=rand CE=r and BD = BF CE and BF = BC-CD AF + BF =(b-r)+(a-1) AB=atb-2r > c=atb-2r a+b c- 2 2 AUTER From example 22., we obtain rs atbee | _atb-e 2 2 . Se 24 In Fig. 8.46, AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of unequal radii. tAB=CD_ [NCERT EXEMPLAR] CD=CE=s-c > r=s-c> r= sis MATING SOLUTION Produce AB and CD to meet at P. The lengths of 4 tangents drawn from P to the two cirelesare equal. 5 PA = PC and PB = PD SC = PA- PB =PC-PD — : m B= CD | = AB = CL be Fig. 8.4 EXAMPLE 25 AB and CD are common tnngents two citcles of equal rat Pay AB=CD, INCERT Expt 4 SOLUTION Join 0O', OA and O'[Link], OA L AB and OBL AB. A OA || O'B 8 Als, OA =O8B [Given] \ 7 OABO' isarectangle => AB =OO' a Similarly, it can be shown that CD = OO’. c Hence, AB =00'=CD. Fo-8.47 EXAMPLE 26 In Fig. 8.48, common tangents AB and CD of two circles intersect at E. Proye that ‘AB = CD. INCERT EXEMPLAR CBsé ai SOLUTION Since tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal in length. Therefore, EA = ECand EB = ED 0 > EA+EB=EC+ED > AB =CD. ig. EXAMPLE 27 If all the sides of a parallelogram touch a circle, show that the parallelogram is 9 rhombus. OR Prove that a parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus. INCERT, CBSE 2000C, 02, 08, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 2) SOLUTION Let ABCD bea parallelogram such that its sides touch a circle with centre O. We know that the tangents toa circle from an exterior point are equal in length. AP = AS [Tangents from A] vali) BP = BQ [Tangents from B] pla CR=CQ —__[Tangents fromC] iy \/ and, DR = DS [Tangents from D] < Adding (i), (i), (ii) and (iv), we get A . AP + BP +CR + DR = AS + BQ +CQ+ DS A = (AP + BP) + (CR+ DR) =(AS + DS) +(BQ+CQ) ar > AB+CD = AD + BC ce = [Link] =2BC [+ ABCD isa parallelogram :. AB = CD and BC = AD] = AB = BC Thus, AB = BC = CD = AD. Hence, ABCD isa rhombus. EXAMPLE 28 ABCD isa quadrilateral such that /D = 90°. Acircle C(O,r) touches the sides AB, BC, CDand DA at P,Q, Rand S respectively. If BC= 38 cm, CD = 25 cmand BP = 27 em, find r. a 819 rs oN since tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point. ZORD = 4OSD = 90°. Itis given that ZD = 90°, Also, OR = OS. Therefore, are. Since tangents from an exterior point toa circle are equal in length. = BQ, CQ=CR and, DR = Ds, DA 2 a 7 [> BP = 27 em Given)] : 2 ac -CQ=27 3-CQ=27 [BC = 38 em] NK ‘ P [+ cR=cQ] Fig. 8.50 : CD~DR = 11cm 25-DR=1em = DR=14cm [+ CD = 25cm] gy ORDSisa square. Therefore, OR = DR= 14cm, Hence, r= 14cm. {AMPLE 29 From an external point P, tzvo tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle with centre Prove that OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB. [CBSE 2015, 2024] {UTION Suppose OP intersects AB at C. In triangles PAC and PBC, we have PA = PB [+ Tangents from an external point are equal] ZAPC = ZBPC [+ PA and PB are equally inclined to OP] md, PC = PC [Common] by $AS-criterion of similarity, we obtain APAC = APBC “ AC = BC and ZACP = ZBCP . ZACP + ZBCP = 180° ZACP = ZBCP = 90° K OP 1 AB. Fig. 8.51 IAMPLE 50 Two tangents TP and TQare draton toa circle with centre O from an external point T. methat ZPTQ = 2 ZOPQ. INCERT, CBSE 2009, 14, 17, 20, 23] ION We know that lengths of tangents drawn from an external point toa circle are TP =7Q ATPQ is an isosceles triangle. A £TPQ = ZTQP ae Png angle sum property in ATPQ, we obtain TPQ + ZTQP + ZPTQ = 180° ; 2.£TPQ = 180° - ZPTQ Sane £19Q = 90°- 42 TQ 5 $2PTQ = 90° ZTPQ od MATHEM At 8x0 Now, OP LTP LOPT = 90° => ZOPQ +4 ZTPQ = 90" => ZOPO = 9 ~ ZT / 7 i From (i) and (ii), we get i) 1 2PTQ= ZOPQ = ZPTQ=2ZOPQ FNAMPLE 31 PQisachond oflength Sem ofa circle of radius Sem. The langents at Pang Oinr, 1 T. Find the length TP. INCERT, CBSE 2014 5% SOLUTION Let TR = y. Since OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ. 1 y PR =QR=4cm In right triangle ORP, we have OP? = OR? + PR? = OP? — PR? = 5? => =3am. In right triangles PRT and OPT, we have Pees TP? = TR? + PR and, OT? = TP? + OP? > OT? = (TR? + PR?) + OP? [Substituting the value of TP? 16 16 > (43h =P +16+25 > by=2 = =z => R= 2 20 TP? = TR? + PR? =1-(#8) +8228 416-90 = T= Dem ALITER Since ATPQ is isosceles and TO is the angle bisector of ZPTQ. Therefore, OT 1 PQ and OT bisects PQ. Therefore, PR = QR = 4cm. In right triangle ORP, we have OP? = OR? + PR? => OR? = OP? — PR? = 25-16 =9 => OR=3cm. In triangles TRP and PRO, we have ZTPR + ZPTR = 90° and ZTPR + ZRPO = 90° > ZTPR + ZPTR = ZTPR+ ZRPO > ZPTR = ZRPO Also, ZTRP = ZORP = 90° and, PR = PR [Common] ATRP ~ apro > 72 - RE, = Tp = 70 PO RO 53 “3m EXAMPLE 32 In Fig. 8.54, land m are two parallel tangents at A and B. The tangent at C makes an intercept DE between Land m. Prove that ZDFE = S0°. [NCERT, CBSE 2000, 13, 19, 22, 24] SOLUTION Since tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. Therefore, DA = DC. Thus, in triangles ADF and DFC, we have L A D DA = DC F Common] F [Radii of the same circle] So, by SSS-criterion of congruence, we obtain AADF = ADFC = ZADF = ZCDF > ZADC = 2 ZCDF Similarly, we can prove that . CEB =2ZCEF Now, — ZADC + ZCEB = 180° [Interior angles on the same side of transversal] () 8 F854 Gi) 621 B 2zcDF +2 CEP = 180° [Using (i)and Gi)] cnr + ZcEF = 9° SEE = 90° [: 4CDF, ZCEF and ZDFE are angles of a triangle ee ate + £CDF + ZCEF + ZDFE = 180° pre = 90 ine radii of ttv0 concentric circles are 13 om and 8 cm. AB isa diameter of the bigger ent fothesmaller circle touching it at. Find the length AD. * Preuice BD tomeet the bigger circleatE, Join AE. Then, A ph LAEB= 90 [Angle in a semicircle] op 1B [-- BE is tangent to the smaller circle at D and OD is its radius] sD =DE [v BE is a chord of the circle and OD 1 BE] OD || AE [: ZAEB = ZODB = 90°] AEB Qand D are mid-points of AB and BE. Therefore, by mid-point theorem, we eit 1 OD=5AE = AE =2x8= 16cm [:0D =8cm] 5.3008, we have A OB? = OD? + BD* [By Pythagoras Theorem] 13 =8? + BD? (> ee & 2 BD? = 169 - 64 = 105 B >» BD= Vi05em = DE=Vi05cm —[-» BD = DE] NY sng Pythagoras Theorem in A AED, we obtain Fig. 8.55 AD? = AE? + ED* = 16° + (105)? = 256 + 105 = 361 = AD=19cm Tipell BASED ON THE RESULT THAT THE TANGENTS DRAWN FROM AN EXTERNAL POINT OF ACIRCLE SUBTEND EQUAL ANGLES AT THE CENTRE [AAMPLE 34 A circle touches the sides ofa quadrilateral ABCD at P, Q, R, S respectively. Show that ‘eagles subtended at the centre by a pair of opposite sides are supplementary. [NCERT, CBSE 2012, 14, 17, 19, 24] SOUHON A circle with centre O touches the sides AB, BC, CDand DAofa quadrilateral ABCD at the points P, Q, Rand S respectively. |Nehavetoprove that } ‘. ZAOB + ZCOD = 180° and, ZAOD + ZBOC = 180° hn op, 09, OR and OS. Since two tangents drawn from an [kal point to a circle subtend equal angles at the centre. Al= 22,23 £4, 25= £6 and 27= 28 > of all the angles subtended at a point is 360°. EB epee anes Ei 23+ 26+ £7) = 360" and 2(Z1+ 28 + 24+ 25) = 360 43) + (26 + 27) = 180° and (21 + 28) + (24 + 25) = 180° a2 MATHS, AOB + 21=22 — [epest] \enilaty, ADO'E = ABO'E = 23 = 24 [cpt] , 25246 [Vertically opposite angles] ‘Goce the sum of the angles at a point is 360°. Therefore, | 11+.22+ 25+ 26+ 23+ 24 = 360° |b 22142254223 = 360° [Using (i), (i) and (ii)] 5 (A1+25)+23 = 180° > ZOED + ZDEO'= 180° = ZOEO'= 180° face points O, E and O' are collinear. Fig. 8.65 HUMPLE 44 Prove that the centre of a circle touching tivo intersecting lines lies on the angle ator of the lines. INCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Let ‘I’ and ‘m’ be two lines intersecting at point ‘Suppose a circle with centre O touches lines ! and m at B and C respectively. We have to prove that O lies on the tsetorof ZBAC i.e. OA is the bisector of ZBAC. Sace tangents drawn from some external point of a circle #eequal in length, Therefore, AB = AC. Ths in As ABOand ACO, we have AB= AC Fig. 8.66 AO = AO [Common] Meee tes [Radii of the same circle] Soby us ‘ing SAS congruence criterion, we get ence ABO = SACO > ZBAO = ZCAO = AObisects ZBAC. : cpt] “centre O of the circle lies on the bisector of the angle formed by the lines I and m. —? 826 MATHEMAtHeg of intersection of tio intersecting circles with centres Oandg "te crclesagninal Band C, respectiely Let the point ppg Th she circumcentre of the triangle ABC, ocateg fk EXAMPLE 45 Let A beone point tangentsat A to the tivo circles mee sothat AOPQ isa parallelogram, Prove that P SOLUTION In order to prove that P is the circumcent AABC, it is sufficient to show that P is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors of the sides of AABC, ie. OP and PQ are perpendicular bisectors of sides AB and AC respectively. Since, AC is tangent at A to the circle with centre ntre of at Oand OA isits radius. a OA 1 AC Fig..67 = PQLAC [+ OAQP isa parallelogram. 04 | pg > PQis the perpendicular bisector of AC. [+ Qis the centre of the sic] Similarly, BA is the tangent to the circle at A and AQis its radius through A. BAL AQ BA LOP [:- AQPOis parallelogram -. OP j 40] > OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Thus, P is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors PQ and PO of sides AC ang AB respectively. Hence, P is the circumcentre of A ABC. EXAMPLE 46 Twvo circles with centres A and B of radii 3 cm and 4 cm respectively intersect a favo points C and D such that AC and BC are tangents to the two circles. Find the length ofthe common chord CD. [NCERT EXEMPLAR, CBSE: 2023} SOLUTION Since tangent at a point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. Therefore, Z ACB = 90°. Applying Pythagoras Theorem in ACB, we obtain ° AB? = AC? + BC? = 3? +4? = 9+ 16 =25 => AB=5cm Since the line joining the centres of two intersecting circles is perpendicular bisector of their common chord. AP LCD and CP = PD im ea Let AP = x. Then, BP = 5 ~ x. Further, let CP = DP = y cm. [ AB=5 cm] Applying Pythagoras theorem in A APC and A BPC, we obtain AC? = AP? + PC*, BC? = PB* + PC? > 24 y and =(5-xP +y? > #3 = {6-27 +P }-{2+y} [On subtracting first from second] > 7=25-10x = 10x =18 > x=18cm 3 Hence, CD = 2CP = 2y = 4.8cm 24y? => y= \9-(18) = J576 = 24cm EXAMPLE 47 [fan isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC = 6 cmis inscribed ina circleofraie 9m, find the area of the triangle. [NCERT EXEMPL Hl Ss 827 oN Let Obe the centre of the circle and let P be the gi sABC isisosceles and Pis the mid-point of BC. Therefore, AP 1. BC asmedian from jf ston a SOS triangleis perpendicular to [Link] AP= x and PB=CP=y. RY pythagoras theorem in As APBand OPB, we obtain a pp? + AP? and OB? = OP? + pp? yer ld and, 81=- x8 42 Gi mid-point of BC. Then, OP .L BC. -36={- 8 +9} - {y? +27} [Subtracting (i from (i) -18x > x=2cm in), we get say 44> P=32 => y=dFem BC = 2BP = 2y = 8V2 cm Fig. 8.69 1 Areaof AABC = (BC x AP = Fx WE 2em? = 8YZem? ape 48 In a right triangle ABC in which 2B = 90°, a circle is drawn with AB as ameter intersecting the hypotenuse AC at P. Prove that the tangent to the circle at P bisects iC [NCERT EXEMPLAR] OLUTION Let O be the centre of the circle drawn with AB as a c meter and let line ‘I’ be tangent to the circle at P intersecting (at D. We have to prove that BD = DC. Since AB is adiameter 1 the circle. Therefore, APB is a semi-circle. D AP ZAPB = 90° eX jus, AAPB is a right triangle right angled at P. 8 A A+ ZA =90° li) Ny, hAMABC, we have ZABC = 90° = OB 1 BC = BC is tangent othe circle at B. Again, ZABC = 90° => 21+ 22= 90° wii) (i) and (ii), we obtain 21+ ZA= 21+ 22 => ZA=22 karly, DP and DB are tangents drawn from D to the circle. Fig. 8.70 DP =DB > 22= 23 [Angle opposite to equal sides) ...(iv) fom (iii) and (iv), we obtain A= 23 ZAPB = 90° => ZBPC =90° > 23+ 24 =90° Av) ight triangle ABC, we have 2A+ ZB+ ZC = 180° = ZA+90°+ ZC = 180° > ZA+ZC=90° (vi) fom (v) and (vi), we get ZA+L0=23+L4 L=A [ ZA=23] DP=DC [Sides opposite to equal angles in ADPC] DB =DC [+ DP = DB] IDisects BC. | 828 MATHE MAG, Is, cnts PQ and PR are dravon from an external point P ty q “A chord RS isdraten parallel othe tangent PQ. Ping gp tig INCERT EXEMPLAR A oS: EXAMPLE49 In Fig. 8.71, tang contre Osuch that ZRPQ = 30° Rs Ci a5 SOLUTION Join OQand OR. : : Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal in length. Therefore PQ=PR => ZPRQ= ZPQR [Angles opposite to equal sides in a Using angle sum property in APQR, we obtain ZPQR + ZPRQ + ZQPR = 180° ZPQR + ZPQR + 30° = 180° => 2.2PQR = 150° = ZPQR =75° = peo 2H) > Since radius drawn through a point on the circle is perpendicular to the tangent at th e point. Therefore, ORLPR=> ZORP=90° = ZORQ + ZQRP=90° = ZORQ + 75°=90° = zoRQ zip In AQOR, we have 0Q=OR [Radii of the same circle] YN, > ZORQ = ZOQR 7) io) 4 > ZOOQR = 15° [- ZORQ = 15°] Using angle sum property in AQOR, we obtain Fig.a7t ZOQR + ZQOR + ZORQ = 180° => 15° + ZQOR + 15° = 180° = ZQOR = 159 Thus, arc QR makes angle ZQOR at the centre and ZQSR at points on the remaining part of the circle. ZOSR = 400R = 75° Since RS || PQ and transversal QR cuts them and R and Q such that ZPQR = 75°, ZQRS = ZPQR => ZORS = 75° Applying angle sum property in AQRS, we obtain ZORS + ZRQS + ZQSR = 180° = 75° + ZRQS+75° = 180° => ZRQS = 30° EXAMPLE 50 AB is a diameter of a circle. P is a point on the semi-circle APB. AH and BK are perpendiculars from A and B respectively to the tangent at P. Prove that AH + BK = AB. SOLUTION Clearly, Z MPO = 90°. Since BK HM, AH L HM and OP HM. Therefore, AH || OP || BK. Let AH =x, BK =y and OP =r, Further, let BM =z. In AMKBand 4 MHA, we have MKB = 2 MHA = 90° Fig. 8.72 | and = ZBMK = ZAMH [Commer] So, by AA criterion of similarity, we obtain BK _MB_ yz 2ry (i) AMKB~ AMHA = >= — = £22. 7 = ? AH MA? x” Bree UAH = BRT y In A MKBand 4 MPO, we have MKB = ZMPO = 90° a Ro 829 k ZBMK = ZOMP é AAcriterion of similarity, we obtain [Common] nye BK BM | p~AMPO => —*=—— 2 YL 2 F MKB AMPC OP OM > 7p > tM => z= iy z a (ii), we get fom and EF 2 y = 2r-2y y= 2r= x+y = AB = AH +BK ire 81 From an external point P, a tangent PT and a li Mace O-ON isperpendicularonthechond AB Drovethar, en AP ® Amen fo 8 fy [Link]= PN? - AN? [CBSE 2023] (i) PN? — AN? = Op? OT? (iii) PA. PB = PT? [NCERT EXEMPLAR] JON (i) Itis given that ON is perpendicular to th ey sintof ABandsoAN = BN, 1 to the chord AB. Therefore, N is the mid. y,_ [Link] = (PN ~ AN)(PN + BN) = (PN - AN) (PN + AN) = PN? - AN? ii) Applying Pythagoras theorem in right triangle 10, we obtain Fig.8.73, OP? = ON? + PN? = PN? = Op? - ON? PN? - AN? = (OP? - ON?) - AN? = OP? - (ON? + AN?) = OP? - OA? [Using Pythagoras theorem in AONA ] = OP? - OT? [+ OA = OT = radius] i) From (i) and (ii), we obtain PA- PB = PN? ~ AN? and PN? - AN? = OP? - OT? = pA. PB = OP? - OT? plying Pythagoras theorem in A OTP, we obtain OP* = OT? + PT? => OP? - OT? = PT? 4 lus, we obtain: [Link] = OP? - OT? and OP? - OT? = PT? > [Link] = PT*. ee eveercisee 8.2 ; BASIC 1. IfPTisa tangent at T toa circle whose centre is O and OP = 17 cm, OT = 8 cm, Find the length of the tangent segment PT. 2. Appoint P is 26 cm away from the centre O of a circle and the length PT of the tangent drawn from P to the circle is 10 cm. Find the radius of the circle, 3. InFig. 8.74, PA and PB are tangents to the circle from an external point P. CD is another tangent touching the circle at Q. If PA = 12 em, QC = QD = 3m, then find PC + PD. [CBSE 2017]

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen