> _ ot qn fg cOMPRESSOR WITH FIR6T STAGE PISTON DISPLACEMENT oF a4, 390 M315 o 5tne Ne gy A moron MOTOA OUTPUT 15 3514p, SUCTION TEMPFAATUAE 15 22°C , N : av ¢ EFFICIENCY 85%0, MECHANICAL FFFICIENCY 95% THE INTERCOOLEA pA youl 5 0510 AIR TEMPERATURE IN AND Our OF THE INTEACOOLEA ARE 105°C ya ness FINAL DISCHARGE PRESSURE 15 100 PSIG , SUCTION ESTIMATED ww. & aa pereaMINE THE FOLLOWING: aos TuoW RATE OF AIR IN KG/SEC nM SION EFFICIENCY . comPRES a ston DISPLACEMENT- TOTAL VOLUME DIGPLACED BY PISTONS IN AN ENGINE pane A SINGLE MOVEMENT FROM TOP To BOTTOM DEAD CENTER YoLuMETAIC EFFICIENCY - MEASUAE OF HOW WELL 4N ENGINE CAN MOVE iy AND OUT OF ITS CYLINDERS- INTERCOOLER PRESSURE - PRESSURE OF AIR AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE forcED INDUCTION SYSTEM COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY - MEASURE OF HOW EFFECTIVELY AN ENGINE’S COMPRESSION STROKE CAN COMPRESS THE AlA-FUEL MIxTURE GIVEN: Te 12°C 1213 =195K Ta = 106°C 12757 378K M30 4M7 = Yy.1 = 300-11 KPA Ta= 44°C 1275 = 317K f= 100 4144.7 = 14-7 < 190° o1 KPA Pr = 14-5 0512 99-95 Km Pou 35HP = 16-11 KW ns 45%, "ounsy : 7 M855 Flow Aare q OMPAFSGION EFFICIENCYLUTION iA ey: Wi IYO 0:05 * Vi 194980 vy, 2 902315 M316 avi = MAT: me piv (AT m: 49-45 (00°2315) 1 0°2®7(145) mM: 44710: 0977 KO14 POLYTAOPIC (Po jo bh f \%s IN (fz) > (rr) LN (370) > Nt LN( 308-11 \Sa5 N ( ae-as } O147QN = (N-1) (11258) N= 126 aM ~ \P/BP 0°q5- jp} 26-Il + (P= 24-804 KW fe = WoliP Sea ais aa 0 Ce: ©= 82540097- 24 °/eFyooiem NO? A SINGLE 6TAGE AIR coMPRESsoR HANDLES 0°6M? [§ OF ATMOSPHERIC ia AT 27°C AND DELIVERS IT TO A RECEIVER at G65 KPA- 115 VOLUMETAIC priciency 16 O15 , 116 COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY 15 0-90 AND IIS MECHANICAL pricleNCY 18 0-4 IF IT ROTATES ar HOORPM , CALCULATE THE POWER AFQUIRED ) OAIVE IF ) COMPRESSION ISENTROPIC ) comPRESSION 15 ISOTHERMAL CHANICAL EFFICIENCY - AATIO OF ACTUAL MECHANICAL ouTPUT OF A MACHINE fo THE THEORETICAL MECHANICAL ourPur. IENTROFIC - PROCESS THAT OCCURS WITHOUT ANY CHANGE IN ENrAoPY- ISOTHERMAL - PROCESS THAT occunG AT A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE - GIVEN ® Viz 0-5 M15 T= 17°C Pa > WUS KPA @cz 0-4 Am: 0-4 Pr = 101 325 KPA REQUIRED: A) COMPRESSION 15 I6ENrROPIC 6) COMPRESSION 15 I50 THERMAL SOLUTION : A. DA\VEPOWER We lecum K_| Py, Pi \k- -17 [ ectm pr} = WH (101-375) (0°5) bayet COS ae cal 101-395 | Fa Od K 0G DAIVEPOWER = 165-0254 KW x (111P/ 0° 74 KW) DAIVEPOWER = 208-88 HP 8 DRIVEPOWER= we 1@c1m > PrVi LN (P21P1) Jectm > 701326 (0 5) LN (us _ soe ee era) 0 9X0-9 DAIVE POWER = 117: U7BO KW x (INP / 0’ 74HUKW) DAVE POWEA = 157-1453 IPopteM NOP a rwo STAGE RECIPROCATING SINGLE - ACTING AIR cOMPAFSSOA HAS A AATED joncitY OF @oM?/HA OF FREE AIR qt 27°C AND 1-033KG/c¢M? ABS WHEN uuning AT GOORPM- THE ABSOLUTE DISCHARGE PRESsUAE 19 1033 KOICM? AND ne ain 15 DISCHARGED TO AN AIA RECEIVEA OF 1,260 LITERS CAPACITY. THE mene 550A WAS TWO LOW PRESSURE CYLINDERS EACH 127 MM DIAMETEA AND ne WIGH” PRESSURE CYLINDERS OF G9-85MM DIAMETER , PISTON STROKE 15 ong MM- THE COMPRESSOR 15 DRIVEN BY A 1750 APM , 3-PHASE , GHEATZ, 0 VOLTS MotoR THAV V-BELTS WITH TAANSMISSION EFFICIENCY OF 95 °/o- ETEAMINE THE BAAKEHORSEPOWER at AN EFFICIENCY OF @5%/e IF THE oLYTROPIC EXPONENT N = 1°35. AIR RECEIVER- USED TO $10AE COMPRESSED AIA FOR FUTUAE UGE- y- BELTS - UGED IN VARIOUS INDUSTAIAL MACHINERY TO TAANSFER POWER BETWEEN TWO SHAFTS. AANGMISSION EFFICIENCY - MEASURE oF HOW EFFECTIVELY POWER 15 TRANGFERRED FROM INPUT TO THE OUTPUT OF TRANSMISSION 5YSTEM- GIVEN T= 70°C Vi= BOM3 IHR = 0-:012 M315 Axl Py = 30kKG ICM? = 1q43 KPA Pi = 1093 KGICM? = [0)- 3373 KPA 4m: 95 %o N > 135 LiF = %6% EQUIRED: BAAKENONGE POWER SOLUTION: KSPIPy = (lor s751a449) Px = Suu. 1odu KPA BP= we {viram cae) mL oJ > (Ass) _) crorss7ai (0-072) (Suoae JAast =I T 005 % 0-45 SP: Ihuuag KW x (1HP/ 0-74U KW) 8P= 15-439 WPoBLEM NO-4 A THAEE © 6TAGE . SINGLE ACTING DIEGEL ENGINE - DAIVEN AFCIPROCATING AIA MPRESSOA 16 GUARANTEED TO DELIVER |70M3/ HA FAEE AIR AT SUCTION OF p3 KG! cm? AND 27°C AND DIGCHARGE PRESSUAE OF 35KG/cM2~ TEST RESULTS How THAT THE POLYTROPIC EXPONENT FOR BoTH cOMPAESSION AND RE-EAPANSION ee 16 34 AND THE MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPRESSOR 15 BO%. ie PEAFECT INTERCOOLING WITH OPTIMUM INTERSTAGE PRESSUAES , TEAMINE THE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN KO/ HR OF THE ENGINE IF THE BRAKE EAMAL EFFICIENCY 16 30% AND THE FUEL USED WAS A HEATING VALUE OF 100 KCAL KG | ESEL ENGINE: OPFAATES BY COMPAESSING Alf. AND SGNITING FUEL INJECTED N10. COMBUSTION CHAMBER: AEE AIR- ATMOSPHERIC AIA AT A SPECIFIC LOCATION AND CONDITION. DLYTAO PIC - PAOLESS AEPAESENTED BY A AELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE ND VOLUME - PIIMUM INTERSTAGE PRESSURES ~ roe s IN A COMPRESSION PROCESS: JEL CONSUMPTION - AATE AT WHICH FN NEAGY on PEAFORM WORK: IDEAL PRESSURE LEVELS BETWEEN DIFFERENT GINE CONSUMES FUEL TO PAaopuctYoiveN? y= TO MBI HR pu FOB KGICM > 101-043 KPA eee pp: 35 KOI CM? = 3433-5 KPA nw: b34 am: 0°%> aore = 30°%> Wav: 10700 KCAL /KG AFQUIRED: MAS9 OF FUEL CONSUNIPTION SOLUTION: Paz [ (6)? (Pp) 1"? Px= C(101- 043)? (3493-5)] px= 10U0° 008 KPA Bp> we /%~M moa) [ey oT bP Gers ea 043)(0°0472)) [ gu0- 0486 |r ‘| 134-1 lol: 043 0-8 BP > 57 497 KW Mr> Bp/ aoe BHV Mr = 57-487 EW 0-3 [10700 KCAL X KG ere) Mr = 000420 ko/%p@tEM NOS A TWO 6TAGE AIR COMPAFS6OR OPERATES BETWEEN CONSTANT PRESSUAE LIMITS ae-G KPA AND 1103 MPA - THE SWEPT yoLUME OF THE LOW PRESSURE CYLINDEA 0-142 M3 OVE TO FAILURE OF THE cooLING WATER SUPPLY 10 THE TEACOOLEA AIR 15 PASSED TO THE Wich PRESSURE CYLINDER WITHOUT AEDUCTION TEMPERATURE - USING PY"? = © CALCULATE THE PEACENTAGE INCAEGASE IN wen. jO-STAGE AIA COMPRESSOR - USES 1WO DISTINCT COMPRESSION STAUES 10 ENEAATE HIGH -PAFSSUAE AIR- VEN ® Viz 0-142 M3 DYFP = & ps = 98-0 KPA Pp = 1 [Link] = 1103 KPA EQUIRED: PEACENTAGE INCREASE IN POWER OLUTION : tle: = Wi Px = (PoPd) ''% Plo = B4-¥072 ~ 18-8377 Px={(98-u)(ios)1'” 18°O377 Px> 329-78 KPA "lo INCREASE = 20°28 % Wi = 2 Pie [(% + “y Ne mr 13 a ©) (0142) [PE a “1 ] W. = 28-8377 KW W2 = VP LPT yee 0) (0 TN awe Wa = VL Wi = 344872 KW[IQUIFIEO PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) IS MANUFACTURED BY COM PRESSING opané GAS TO HIGH PRESSURES- A MULTI- STAGE CENTAIFUGAL COMPAFSSOR ven BY ELECTRIC MOTOR 15 INSTALLED TO HANDLE THE JOB - THE COMPRESS OR jaws SOOL/S OF THE GAS AT 4OKPA. AND -35°C. THE GAS 15 DELIVERED INTO erica TANK FLEVATED 7M FROM THE CENTERLINE of THE COMPAFS5OR. scHAAGE PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ARE 4-25MPA AND 45°C RESPECTIVELY: ycrion DIAMETER 15 SOCM WHILE THE DISCHARGE '5 30¢M- RISE IN TEMPE- TURE OF WATER FOR COOLING THE COMPRESSOR 15 G°C- TAKE CP FOR PROPANE 6 VO5KTIKG-K WITH 5G: 0-55 | DETERMINE: ) THE NUMBER OF STAGES IN THE COMPRESSOR ASSUMING EACH SIAGE CAN EVELOP HEAD OF ICOM N (NTERCOOLER PRESSURES JQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS - HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURE CONSISTING AIMIARILY OF PROPANE AND BUTANE. VEN: Viz 550 L15 = 0-55M 315 Di= o5M Pa = 425 MPA Dra: O3M Ty = =35°C ce 165 KI LEG K EQUIRED: A) NUMBER OF STAGES 8) INTER COOLER PRESSURE OLUTION: Hrorar = 1 - pr $ 12-21 + Vo*-vi* . 13-21 =7M vu Pu 16 y A = 0-55 114 (O'31* 8 Hora = (425 x/o¥) - (140 x10? 47 t E702 248i) 550 X98) Hora, = 771-8304M HOF G1AGES = 77! 0309 [140 HOF sraces = 5OBLEM NO-7 A TWO-STAGE DOUBLE - ACTING COMPRE6SOR OPERATING AT 200APM TAKES IN aq AT IOOKPA 29°C - THE LP CYLINDER 16 350x280MM.; THE 6TROKE OF HP LINDEA 16 380MM AND THE CLEARANCE OF BOTH CYLINDEAS 1S 5%/e- AIA DISCHARGED AT 38@KPA FROM THE LP CYLINDER IT PAGSES THROUGH THE ERCOOLER . AND ENTERS THE HP CYLINDER AT 3@0KPA ,29°C° IT LEAVES THE f CYLINDER AT 1483 KPA- THE POLYTAOPIC EXPONENT 15 1-2 FOA BOTH CYLINDERS - eGLeECT THE EFFECT oF THE PISTON AODS ON THE CAANK END- FIND THE OLLOWING: ) VOLUME oF FREE AIA AEQUIAED ) HEAT TRANSFERRED DURING COMPAESSION TO COOLING WATER FOR 60TH LP AND HP CYLINDERS of THE COMPRESSOR ) BEAT REJECTED DURING INTEA COOLING ) DIAMETER OF THE HP CYLINDEA )WoRE REQUIRED FOR THE comMPAESSOAIvEN ¢, = 100KPA fi = P) = 380 KPA ie 0°350, 4,0 380 Wr Py: 1H®3 KPA ae 3 Nerd c FQUIRED? A) VOLUME OF FAEE AjA B) HEAT TAANGFEA C) HEAT REJECTION D) DIAMETER OF HP CYLINDER £) WORK AF QUIRED OLUTION * vip = WY XP2 XL = IY x (0°35)2 xO- Vin > 003656 mM? ’ * verre (1~ */oC ) AWLP = (1-0°05) oo VerF= 0° 634732 M3 * ree P= PLIAT: ~ [O}- 325 10°2070302) h164 Kol M3 pr M > 2° VEFF AN X2_ = 1:1UQ (0°034732) (LOORAPM x1 100) (2) M = 0°270U8 KO15 AY = PIM = 1109] 0°2700% Viz 0°2315 M319 Tilt, s(PayPr [NIN Tas Tr (Padpi)M IY" = 24 (B0O/100)"2" ("2 Tr = 36°32 °C QH = MCP Cr2-T1) = 0°1706% (10002) (3u-32 -214) gh: +904 KW QRS MCN CIo-Ta) iv CN ECV (KINI IN) = 0° TIBU (A H2/ t-h2) = p32 QA = (0° 270U8) (1-342) (30°29 -29) Qa: 2°75¥0 KW “M =/3 X VEFF2 KN X2 74: P31AT3 = 380/0°207(302) 0270.08 = 4:384 nvErF [209 QQ) ¢3 24304 KoIM? 00 Vere2 = 0°0915m3 = 0°95 X MIAP? x 0-300 D> O1M0GmM We = (NIN-1) MATS | (Ba jr 7 | We stb a) (o-270u9) (0°2071¢302)/ (BRR “| We: 35-80 kwMNO: 8 noel AcE-STAGE COMPRESSOR DFLIVERS 25 KG) $ OF AIA- AIR ENTFAS THE att ast TAG rnoé EFFIC! ren BACH STAGE REDUCES THE AIA TEMPERATURE 10 36°C THE PAFSSUAF 1 (00 KPA AND 23° . Fi A EA A 23°C - FOR EACH STAGE, COMPAFSSION RATIO 16 2 ENCY 15 75°/lo , 5 15°lo AND COMPRESCION 1S ADIABATIC: AN INTERCOOLER nor IN THE INTEACOOLER 15 12 KPA- ywaxe A SKETCH OF THE THREE - sTAGE comPRESSOR AND THE CORRES PONDING AND 15 DIAGRAMS Pv TEMPERATURE , AND SPECIFIC VOLUME OF 4IR LEAVING ) PRESSURE ) HEAT TRANSFEARED |N THE INTERCOOLERS THE COOLFAS ) roraAL POWEA REQUIRED ADIABATIC~ PROCESS THAT occURS WITHOUT A TRANSFER OF WEAT: FORCE APPLIED PER UNIT AREA OF # 6UAFACE - PAESSURE ~ KINETIC ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES IN 4 SUBSTANCE. EMPERATUAE - AVERAGE HOT OR COLD AN OBJECT OR ENYIAONMENT 15 INDICATING HOW RE OF VOLUME occvPlED BY A UNIT MASS OF SPECIFIC. VOLUME - MEASU! fA SUBSTANCE -