Sequential Circuit Sequential circuits are digital circuits that store and use previous state information to determine their next state. They are commonly used in digital systems to implement state machines, timers, counters, and memory elements and are essential components in digital systems design. Sequential circuits are commonly used in digital systems to implement state machines, timers, counters, and memory elements. The memory elements in sequential circuits can be implemented using flip-flops, which are circuits that store binary values and maintain their state even when the inputs change. Sequential circuit is a combinational logic circuit that consists of inputs variable (X), logic gates (Computational circuit), and output variable (2). A combinational circuit produces an output based on input variables only, but a sequential circuit produces an output based on current input and previous output variables, That means * sequential circuits include memory elements that are capable of storing binary information. That binary information defines the state of the sequential circuit at that time. A latch capable of storing one bit of information. External Extemal rool Outputs Inputs lect Current Next State State Internal Internal Output Inputs Figure: Sequential Circuit ‘As shown in the figure, there are two types of input to the combinational logic: External inputs which are not controlled by the circuit. Internal inputs, which are a function of a previous output state. What is a Flip-Flop? The flip-flop is a circuit that maintains a state until directed by input to change the state. A basic flip flop can be constructed using four-NAND or four-NOR gates. Flip-flop is popularly Koo as the basic digital memory circuit, It has its two states as logic (High) and logic O(low) states. Aflip flop isa sequential circuit which consist of single binary state of loformstion or data. The digital circule isa flip flop which has two outputs and are of opposite states. It is also known as @ Bistable Multivibrator, Types of Flip-Flops Given Below are the Types of Flip-Flop « SR Flip Flope DFlip Flop * TFlip Flop . SR Flip Flop e The SR flip flop is a I-bit memory bistable device having two inputs, ie, SET and RESET. The SET input 'S! set the device or produce the output 1, and the RESET input 'R’ reset the device or produce the output 0, The SET and RESET inputs are labelled as S and R, respectively. «The SR flip flop stands for "Set-Reset" flip flop. The reset input is used to get back the flip flop to its original state from the current state with an output 'Q'. This output depends on the set and reset conditions, which is either at the logic level "0" or "1", e The NAND gate SR flip flop is a basic flip flop which provides feedback from both of its outputs back to its opposing input. This circuit is used to store the single data bit in the memory circuit. So, the SR flip flop has a total of three inputs, i.e., 'S' and'R’, and current output 'Q', This output 'Q' is related to the current history or state. The term "flip-flop" relates to the actual operation of the device, as it can be "flipped! to a logic set state or "flopped" back to the opposing logic reset state. - The NAND Gate SR Flip-Flop ¢ We can implement the set-reset flip flop by connecting two cross-coupled 2-input NAND gates together. In the SR flip flop circuit, from each output to one of the other NAND gate inputs, feedback is connected. So, the device has two inputs, i.e., Set 'S' and Reset 'R’ with two outputs Q and Q' respectively. Below are the block diagram. and circuit diagram of the S-R flip flop. Block Diagram: