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1K Ansichten198 Seiten

M3 Decode

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confessions0143
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ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - III Dr H.R Bhapkar Se SE, Pa, Qethamat) neil: ivohopker@pmercom Mabie 9011227141 Prof, Shital A. Patil Penp Chinewod allege of 1 Wes Poptart Boos ele Pans cove tate Saber Question Aner Forme (Baas Aner and Soon 1 chante Shed SPU Qoont Mat 995 10 Dee2019 1 Sed Model Quon apr (As Pe 2019 Per) DECODE™ ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - IL SE (hl Ene) Sent cot tee ae ee eon eel nse Semihe eae So pol pena no estoy (TRGHNIGAR) fists ten Pinte TALE EIN te ie Nn ln i venionena TT w sia SYLLABUS ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-II - (207006) Hsin Stee a) | Tn Sem Cres ‘Unit 1+ Linea Differential Equations (LDE) and Applications DE of»! oxder wih const corti, Complementary Function, Parc IeepaLGeneal metho, Shot meteds, Mato of sarition of paneer, ‘Chiety’s tot Lepeni's DE, Sinufinesws and Syemmetc siutinece DE Modeling f lei cute (Chapters = 12) Unit Laplace Transform (L7) Defcon of LT, Inene LT, Properties tears, LT of sandr fections LUE of some special inctoos viz Peote, Unit Step, Unt Inpule Anplctios oF LT fr sling Liner itera! eqatione (Chapter -3) Fourier Teasfor (FT) | Conpler exponential orm of Foie ses, Four Ip orem, Faster Sine & Corne legis, Foie eaform, Fourie She & Cosine tanto and i ives. Z - Teasfem (27) + loducdon, Definion, Standard popeies, ZT of tanurd sequences ed her yen. Solution of ifrence equations (Chapters 465) Unie IV £ Statics and Probobiligy Measures of cel tenders, Meuse of dpesion,Coefficent of variaon, Moments, Skewes nd Kursin Coelaton and Regis, Rely of eget ete Possn, Nom Test of pote: Chisquze tat (Chapters - 6 7) om Unit V+ VestorCaletus (Chapter -9 Unie VI Complex Vacinbles cqution, Conformal mappa. Bilnear ‘sfomation, Caacly’s esl "herem, Cachy’s letra ems and Rese toe. (Chapters ~% 18) m TABLE OF CONTENTS itn Chapter-1 Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients ayes 414. Solution of DE with Constant Cosfient. aa 12 Legenér'sDiferential Equations. a9 13 Lagranges Method of Variation of Parameters 1.25 Chapter 2 Simultancous Linear Differential Equations and Applications (2 1t@"21) 2.2 Simultaneous Linear DE. 2a 2.2 Symmetrical form of Simultaneous Differential Equations ,.2-8 23 LCRCKcuit 2a iat Ghapter-3 Laplace Transform ( 3.1 Laplace Transform 3.2 Inverse Laplace Transform 3 3.3 Laplace Transform of Special Functions 3 344 Laplace Transforms using Heaviside Unit Sp Function ...3-35 3.5. Dirac Dela or Unt impute Function 3.5 Application of Laplace Transforms 23 Na Ghapter-4 Fourier Transform FT) @-1)to@- 18) 41 Fourier Transform eee aa Ghapter-5 Z¥vaneform 7) C-teG-8) 54. ZTrensform Se2 5.2 Properties of Ztransforms 5-13 5.3 Inverse ZAransform, 2 S228 54 Working Rule for Finding the Poles and Residues ........ 5-38 5.5. Solutions of simple Difference Equations (wth constant coefilents) using Z-trensforms 5-42 Chapter 6 Statiaties C6. 5.1 Useful Defiritions - 6-1 62. Dispersion 164 6.3. Moments 6-8 64 Skewness 6-9 65. kurtosis 6-10 66 Correlation and Regression 6-17 5.7 Regression 6-28 ‘Chapter -7 Probability and Probability Distributions Gt) te (7-26) 7A Probebiity ra 2.2. Binomial Olsrbution 7-6 23 Possion Oisribution . 79 7.4 Normal Distribution 73 7.5. Chisquare Distribution 7a oo Ninn! Ghapier 8 Vector Calculus ——~S~*S TH 8.1 Algebra of Vectors ea 82 Scalarand Vector Point Functions a9 83. Gradient of Salar @-10 84 Directional Derivative 8-33 85 Olvergence ofa Vector Point Function. eo... e-17 88. cutlofa Vector Point Function... a-18 87 Vector Wentties . 8-23 88 Line Integral 8-35 89. Green's Theorem anae 1.10 Stoke's Theorem a3 Catan! Ghapter-9— CDee-H 9.2 AnalytieFunetion 9.2 9.2 Blineer Transformation 9-19 9.3. Special Conformal Transformations. 9-26 Ghapier-10 Complex Integration (10- i) to (10-28) 10.3 Une integral 30-1 302 Cauchy's Theorem 10-3 303 Cauchy's Integra Formula, 10-5 4304 Zeroes, Singular Pints, Poles and Residues 10-148 2055 Evaluation of Real Definite Integrals 10-22 Solved Model Question Papare Wit G10) oi 1 |) eee: “LA Solution of LDE with Constant Coefficient 1 The general form of n order LDE with constant coeticiens is ary Loagy= 460 ty ase constants and 6 (0) #2 8 H@9DM4 a, DP bag DPMP tay 1 De aD = 9) 9) Le, (D) y= 6¢6) where KD) i «polynomial in + Auilary equation i (D) = 0 “The solution of DE. (1) invalves two pasts 1) Complementary function (CF. oy.) 4 Particular integral (oF ¥p) The complete solution of DE () ny = 3+ yp" CF #PL 2) Methods to find CF. To find CF. find the roots of auxiliary equstion f(D) =0 8) IF my, my, my ae real and distinc roots, then CE = yn Gye = Cy eMIt 4 CyemoN + 1) The roots a ral and sepented Te my my, my By By eel FOO then a-0 nea Diirntiat nginering Mathematica III 1-2 Equation with Constant Concent Yen (Ch# Cao Cy EME H (Cy + Cy OB ECO i) The roots ate complex and distinct: [Complex rvots always ‘occur in complex pairs) se, if 0+ iis one root then «~ will be another root, then Ye = € IC, cos Bx + Cy in Bx) iv) The roots are complex and repeated ei iB and 2B are roots then yer e™ HC, # Cy) c08 Br + (Cy + Cp) in Bae 2) Particular integrals IE AD) y = 969) is the LDE with constant cooicionts then its particular integral is PL = yp" aby 00 Dy 1) Shorteut methods to find PLL. of special functions se. “Type of 969 ae 1 [9 ee ineing Mathenatin TT 13 Lear Dieta Equations ete Contant Cofcents Linear Dieta ngincring Mathematics -1lf_1-4 Equations with Constant Coins 2 onan eB) eos (ax ob) Jp gor toe eb) BS exe by PA m= Weayeo Yer pen ES Bleed a] eanmen |yel o 7 iD co cots sonore) |B eye cts SF fae. 1 = 0 then ok Sih as by = Ep HDR Gay by wes a eak Hay 20 4) Gcat whee Pi | To Bn yy auc HO) many oe oe fount icy” | Browne DosDh at 790+ se . w gipei-Deptav’+ ty piste DPeos Visany | RH VS (ota) pent Oo RV where Vie ty fancson of Teen [nae meni enlaee) Jp guy tem ars Rent par {rp stem} == “ei Eg 5) General Method : It isnot posible to apply any of sbove typee then apply general method Leif o(x) = tan aX cot ax, cose aX sec ax, sine, cos e%, 1 1, 2, thon we this mothod. De® Tre To find PL. use 1 Joon ee pips Jo Oe de 4 Sole Dy «3047-49 = ame Step 1: AE. DP+ 9024-0 o Det ie one rot of equation (1) SPP: bact7, mks 4 aja 3 0 [os ae @O-n@+s+H 0 (@-1D+2KD42) = 0 D=L2z, Ye + ee Hes tendo @ ied Ye * DADA “aT be a ate Step 3 : The complete solution is + yetyy See 4c, teynie™ = Gf Fagnsiag Sa rinerng Mathomatics-I_1-5 Equation wien cones Bien, Brsinering Mathematics M1 1-9 Bquntions with Constant Coote 2 Solve D* —spt. ap Ans: Step 1: AE. is D?- sD? + sD 400 ©-0 0-444 Dy O~28=0 D-432 Yen CRAG Hem Step 2: Pha aoe eatey * ono" > Ye" opr at. COO Dea toptprttea tis oes Bea Consider P= age po Replace D by a in non ser factor. ieD=2 rye tg ao Ply = net Now, consider Ph 1 * oy wat stir Erinaing ns Linen Dire oginceing Mathemancs IE 1-6 __Eyuaions with Const Cosco Replace D by’ 8 sn non zero factor te Det 1s m, =e a Bayi” “hbay Phe Consider a wne-2 For a replace D by log a, (Gere D = log 2) Ply Py * ‘Consider PL, For X= constant replace D by 0 —1_., we The PL = PLy+Phy +Ply «Pty = Bde net + Gog2=1) doga-B* Step 3 : The complete solution is ym yet p Ces 4 Ce) Ma Tk eh neh . 2 3 EF oon =a Ter Frgeving Sets Liner Dien Equations with Contant Cate 23 Solve DE» 4) y = con Bx: con x ‘Ans. Step 1: (0? +4) y= cos 3u-cos x ABDt+a=0 pte CE = Cy cos 24 + C sin 2e, rginoring Methomatiet_ 4-7 [P06 Ma 6) 4a D-s2i ‘Step 2: Now PL = pi- 2 c24x | sind i i 3 The complete solution is ECE +PL=C, cos 24 G sin 2x — caste, xsin2x i had 12.4 Solve (D~ Uy = o*+ S*— 1 om (pry: nape, one 4, sks 4) Step 1: AE ie(-1? =0 oP petal =e “ifr Ene Sons Liner Diente xginering Mathomatce TMI 1-8 Equation wth Contant Coete ‘The complementary function is Ye (Cy + Cax4 Cytye® Step 2: The particular integral is 45% 1 > 1 gd a oe ea Oy 1 1 + Ser te Ley SE Gog EF 86, 1» Pee tags Step 3 : The complete solution is ot Y= ye yp (Ey Cyne Cyatyot HS ok 4 gas was 5 sotve F488 = ain 2 Os Soe Sheahan eh at Ane Sep i: AE isn? +e = 0 DD? +4) = 0 pep+2y(0-2) = 0 D0 -225 ye = C,H Cpe0n 2a Cys 26 a) Sup 2 : Tae Phinyy ~ sina Yo BTS Linde fein in ace Engnerng Metematicn-It_1-9 __ Equations with Contents 53) Aa] aaa Baa Yn + Feinas Step 3: The complete soto i Ye vet =, eCycor Fee ynn 2x Ssin 20 26 Sete wt=20+5)y = 10 om x 5970 0-05, ht, as Ans. : Step 1: a : AEis Di-2Dis -0 pw EBETH_ 2 neaE Gs 28018 ae D254 aaa The CR. is ye = e%(C; co# 24+ C; sin 29) Step 2: The PL is yp = 1 10 sin Ye" peepee = OO ayes tne 00) yen (+20) 1 SEPP sin = 2 adtnxe 20s) Yp * Banat cor Step 3: The complete tolution ls = 0. Ym yet yp 7 Solve D7 + 20 «1)y =o + cons. Ane Step 1+ AB ip DP 204140 O+n@+n-0 (SU ee, ae a = ae nea ifr nginceingMathematiceIT_2-30 Equations with Constant Cafes Donna The CF is Ye = (ee Step 2: The Pls yp = pte" soon] ** bapa pea Fie forma fe Step 3 + Complete solution is Yn 364% yo ese SS soins 2s Solve «wo? Ans: Step 1: AE is DP 8=0 By synthetic division method, wo got (+2\02 2044) = 0 yy eats aeet ar Caer oreo Exnaiona wit Constant Cofics — 8) Lee + ff rer-feevso] bts aca) Jerre = Bot oxet Step 3 The compote ston is ye veryp 29 Solve (D* + 6D + 9 yw Pet a stp 1:0? eed -9=0 0 (5 (5PU et, Make 4} AED +320 =D=-3,-3 CR = yar ce® near Dieta u Engincoring Matheatiee“I_1-12 Equations with Content Concent Step 3 : The complete solution is $PLeyxecpe hs te yr CR HPL Gx repe m+ Ht 2:10 Solve (D+ De ty = x stm ea srPU May, ue, Hake 4} Ans. Step 1: AB is D?+D41-0 ARYA tei p = EYEE ei pata 143 ahp hE Step 2 "Ohba - [tte BeiDeilbeaDe “b-aRadaciree f-stabheme = + [se ee oreo (arpa) ance eee sp 3 The pet site 67-747, ae eb [ooo Geena] nnn 3 ese “ror Fogring Sens ear Digeretiat Engineering Mathonatig It 1-33 __ Equations with Conta Cees at WF 20+ thpa xetein x USF ys, 1, was a) ‘Ans: Step 1: The AE. ig D?-2D+1-0 (D-2)2=05 Det The CE is ye =(C, + Gaxyes Step 2: The PlLis yy Yp = ~e*Pesin xt 2c08x) Step 3: The complete sokation ie yr yet¥p 42 Fs 8D- Byes cone easy: Step 1: AB Is D+aD-2=0 O+n0+y=0 D-24 The CF is ye = Ge + Cyer™ Step 2: The Pl is 1 on yp = weTey Ie tore) SS "Fe Bago Sao nar Dieta (fom) sek here cane ae wee fete ene jon yet Met cnet] Step 3: The complete solution: yr yetyy 13 Sotve Ans, Step 1: AK is DE +30+2=0 (w+ DeD = 0 sgt [SU ty D-4,- Ye = Get +e Step 2: Ye > BTHET" - [paren et fete ance fetta Pur et gineering Mathematics “I 1-18 Equations with Constant Chofconte ogee yp met te® Step 3: The complete solution is Yow yetyp Ym je Fee tert 16 Solve (Dt ty = en e+ cone "BE (SPU Wap Be 2, Maks 4) Ans: Step 1:AE ©-1) @+1)=0 Duet CR = CeCe step 2 vp 7 Phe gy x 1 eta et teoneet PL = payipae sine tease) PL = Hfpby-plg]tetanen* scone) pu wt [DET sne Fone") 2 [phy (esine™* rose) Consider mh =f {pbyertaner* sone} 2 fof (tant ner) te 2 hel (rane poset) ena Pabetat o orMae dt ie eTMdca dt = bef Gsintsonen ean Tinta Engine ns nein Mathenaties IK 1-16 Eqnatone with Contanh Coc a [J tint aref cost at] Ph, = =£ (lo @ece0-c) Camo) + aint} = Greestszang Puree : FF (eet cose +2sine Consider ty = B ghy (etane* seme) Pf -etcose* set sine) a eX sine =} eX et cos eo 4 e eee Phy = boos @ Te, PE = Py -Ply =e ain e™ Step 3: The complete ston yr cn+PL Y= Cetecet 048 Soh -D-29 = 2toger Ey Ay Tere, re Ans: Step <2: D?=D-2=0 @-2@+=0 cg Ten Earning Sts sari ageing Mathematics -I)_1-17 __Eyution it can Cs Dea CF # Cie eC = Pest Yp > P= poy X weno (266*+3+5) Pu = phy (ated - ef o[soreel= = one (2toex-4) Ph = 2logx-t Consider y= gly(2mecde gineering Mathematics II] 1-18 Equations with Constant Coeficiente ~ + Fe fo) = Rfpteser] = -towx-t Ph = ~F (Phy -PlyT* ~ $8t05%1 = = og Step 3: ~The complete solution is Yo CR +P = Cie +C,e°% log 10 Solve wo? Day ee (sera oct, Hak 4} 4D+3 = 0 0-9-0 “o Sup 2: (IED? 4DE tn! yp = 2G +69 SS cr Linear Dire Enainering Nathomatcs 12-19 Equation wth Consent eps Step 3: The complete solution y= y< ty ¥ = Get ecye™ 2G? 46) 1.2 : Legendre's Differential Equations 1 Legendro's DLE. + The goneral form of 3" onder DE. aay ey (ox eb LE ss corso? EF secant a = ae 20 ay Easy = 008) Put Bebe et eloped) (ar G = s¥eany whee v= gk ox +p? 2 = AD@O-1)y xP £2 = SD O-0@O-ay Given D.E, reduces to LDE with constant coefficients in y and 2. Now apply previous methods. 2) Cauchy's DEE. oF Homogeneous D.E. ‘The goneral form of 3° order DE, ts 8 Boat ra tear 069 Putxee! ze togx weer Baoy, P8200 ny wd 2D @-O-ay wher Led ao Prong Sens incon Mathematig I 1-20, Linear Dieta uations with Content Coficats 7 Solve cx 38 2 2000 + 8)fE 129 = 6x (SU Hy 3637, Ma 6 oa Big 1s rwaued = 2 Sta aun = 2Dy and D PA bal 1 DE omen {6D =1)= DR = 1 = he Dt -aDetay = Het = 4D@-by ase) wo -2p-3y = 2-9 © which ithe LDE with constant coxtkents Step 2 AE is pi=20-3 = 0 oso") = D % o seep % ¥ Step 4: Te complete ston yay en Difetiat Equations wit Cos COficons bee cot oe) spy ped #& + pow DE becomes D@-Dy+sDyt3y = 2 O4Diay = 2 co) Step 2: AES Diy4D+3 = 0= (D+IXD43)=0 D=-33 yf ae res HO) cert sce Step 4: The complete solutions is Ym yet yp Gy = 6(2roe Eerie 1-88 Ena winci 210 Sebeitent Sf ecenfley = Zamir rs et Ht pm Sep tit x ee, xekp any cen = Dy whee D=k 4 pf op snd ee 22 = DD-y eo DE becomes, [DD-1)=D+tly = ain (WP +by = 2sinz oy Step 2: AE is DE H1= 0-5 D? =) D=st F Ye = Cyeos2+Cysine @ Step 3: Yet pha Paing= -2Zooe 2+ esos ‘Step 4: The complete solution ie y= yc +p Y= Geoezecysin ee soe Y= Coos logt2 39+ Cysia logtt+x) (1+ s)eon +) ase sole 2 628% 69 6 untae?) PU es, Hae ‘Ans. Step1:Put x = eta z= log x yo ‘ B= Dy where D = vo a®y spp £¥ = vp-ny DE becomes [D(D - 1) +D + tly = sn loge?) Oy) = ane By using above example yc = Cycot2+Cn 2 3 Se ign Engincering Mathematics! 1-23 Equations with Constant Coes Y= Corer cysinzZeor2 21 Solve x? 244 as ay = atetn down: 221 Sve 22 SOF Sage * SY = Heim OO any occas, Hats 6 Ane Step 1 Put x ef see logs Y¥ = Cyc0s(logs) + Cra dos cos log») = by where D= v2¥ .pp-y £Y = p@- ny Given DE becomes DID=1y~ADy +9y ene (aD e3y » sine a) Step 2: AE ie? —4D43=0 (@-1K0-3) = 0 D=13 Yo = Cet oeye™ step 3 Ys wnat + peat DES = palpapieere® lism DOH ca x Agi, Yo we hyn = Jeans cog “Tn Engng Stare PrgineringMathenatcs- 1-24 Eguation with Conan Cine Step 4: Hence, the complete solution ie Yo yetyp y = yet +cge8 Jeane = exe Cd =} ttn dos) ty ty 022 sone as Yate ey a ae a Sr at at 0) Ans Step 1: Pat Axed = oh oe z= togttet ca a (eZ = any where Dt oor Step 2: Equation becomes (1600-s2eD}e1y = ( ) = 1000-19 eo (060% -speny = Hetty © nasty Step 3: A.B is 16d? -sD4) = 0 4D-194D-1) D Ye = (Cj +epn! 1 [hee Seep y+ = asentaprn[set* Vt yl “eT eT Se ot) Linear Diferental Enginering Methematics-III_1-25 Equations with Contant Coens Step 5: The complete solution is y =¥c+¥p yn scat hed = te rpoetee inane t + heirs 11.3 : Lagranges Method of Variation of Parameters 4) Method of Vartaton of Parameters to find Particular Integral ‘Step 1: If dhe differential equation is of order two then the complementary function will be of the form C= Cyyy *C2¥p Step 2: Assume PL = wy, +092 ind A, ou, av a= Pp 2 ane [2 Ba] aver 2 Ii v4 x v4 va x! ‘where ys and yp are derivatives of yy and y)z aso X is the RES, ‘of equation. Le. f(D) y =X) Step 4: Then step Step 5: Substitute u and vin PLL = uy: +¥y 1.23 Solve D2 +1) y ~ conse x (PU ee, Maye ak 6 ‘Ans. Step 1: CF. = C, cost; sins Step 2: Lat PL. = uys tv ya Step 3 Find derivatives of yy, yz = "Fe for Engng Sto Linear Diente agicring Mathomales-II1_ 1-26 Eqntions with Contand Coons Ys = 08x yy sais Step 4: Find 4, au, av A= yuvh-viya sos? sin?x 21 X = corec x Step 5 Find u,v wef Max vo f AY oe tf tbe =f corns Step 6 PL = wyyseys = = 3 008 + nx log sin x Step 7 ye cr+Ph Y= Cy c08x4 Cy sn xx cos xin Log sin x 4 the complete solution 126 Sotee (4+ Oy = 1 h-g: by variation of parameters (PU ny, mate 3} Ans. :Step 1: AE ie? +9=0 DP a5) Yo = Gos 34+ Cn de Compare ye with ye = Gy, +6393 My = cand, yy = singe Step 2: Let vy tay eves Yh = Bain3de, ype Soot = Teco nginering Mathematics I!_1-27 Equations with Content Coins step 3: a= [ft eset -rive 3008203 ain? 303 su = [2 2ey, eatin p: cote le ne Step 4: oe [Ste sins + [-sy® 2 fH, ta 39) - ie tan 3%. eerste andy = {S%a0 css + Iasi = aaa es Linear Diet ngincering Mathematica it 1-26 Epuatons with Constant Cones = Joguesaan Jaye 882og(+ sind) Step 5: PAL = os3x(-see Satan 3x ‘step 6 + The complete solution Is y Ye 7p 1.25 Solve (D+ 4)y~ see 2x [by variation of parameters] [Pa : Hays, Hark 6 Ans. Step 1: AE is DE +4=0m D=2 21 Ye * Cy eos2xt Cy sin Step 2: Comparing with ye = Ciy1+Cays ya = cos2x, yp = in 2x + -2sin ae, y Zeon 2 ‘Step 3: Assume PA. = uy, + vy2 Step 4: Find 4, au, Av where vi v2 vi ve yaya 2 = Bees coe B+ Dain Dean 2x 2 X = sec 2x “io Engng Ser ginering Mathematics III 1-27 __ Equation wth Contant Coeff Step 3: anf Uleyya viva = door? axe) sn? Be step 4: a aa ay, 3(lmsin? Bx) pen + foe im cen? 30 - (= seta t ay > see set tin de andy = [Sa conde ~ Sytem "Toate for Ener Scr Eaunton wit Cost Corie = Hogttsin 30) PL = 608 34(-see Sat tan x= 3 9} SH og sind) Step 5. Step 6: The complete solution is y=y. typ 10.25 Solve (D+ 4iy~ see 2x (by varlatlon of parameters [SPU ops, Ma 4 Ans. Step 1: AB is DE+ 420% Dat2t Ye = Cy cose Cy sind Step 2: Comparing with yc = Ciy1 = Cay yy cose, yz = sin 2 yin Step 3: Assume PLL = uy) + ¥¥ Step 4: Find A, Au, Av where Bain de, yy «Pew? aot 28] ys -yari A 205 2x cos 24+ 2 sn Bein = 2 x “Taito Peper Sato Liar Different ngincringMathematce-IIL_ 1-29 Equations with Contant Ceoicents Step 5 we J Max fH au ~ Lloncos as = Hogeosax and wef May faced Step 6: Yp = 16% log (hre™)-0% log (Lo) ‘Step 6 : The complete solution is y = ¥.-+¥>. 2.28 Solve by variation of parameters (D¥ » 20 + Ly = &*oge. (St Mop 3, #5 ere 4) ‘Ang. Step 1: AE is (Dey = 0 O+nO+D 0 D=-1-1 Ye (Cy +O em = Gye + Cyne Step 2: Comparing ye with ye = Crys +Ca¥2 Yet eh yarse™ ¥ Step 3+ Assume that Pl.= yy = wyy +y2 = “Te jor Eoin Satna ene eer aw [Yt Yl aa =o loge Step $ Find w and su fS8ax eo J AEE oe = fog ool = [fee] w Boss And vw [Md w [ERIE gem frog xd y= bog (Fee) eroaen Step 6:¥p Step 7 : The complete solution is yn ¥et¥y = “sf Enarg ts nsinereg Muthematics-IlL_ 1-38 __ Equations with Constant Cofitents Liner Dirt Engincing Mathematics 1-34 28 Solve (OF sty = B cot x (ary ect, Mae 4 Ans Step 1 CR, = Cyeosa+Cysinx yy = cox, y2 ain, y= mse, 5 conn, step 2: Plyp = ita step 3: Se yyi-ving sb +2 cotx dat = tiyg = Boot in 200 av = Xyy = Betxcon sup 4 = [88 acu facosnden2aine vw JS axe [2A gn 25 OE = J cose x-sin te latexes x08 600) step 5 vy = ewe = 204 x sin xs flog es see x ~291» +608) Step 6 : The complete solution sy = ¥c-+9, 30 Solve +1 = by variation of parameter method TE (SPU ee, hs 4) Ane: Stop 1: AB. (D+)? <0 De Ye (G+ GME uations with Content Coufictonts Step 2: Comparing yc with ye = C\¥, +Ca¥2 nee ypene™ Step 3: Assume that yy =r, ©¥93 Step 4: Find aa, Ov 1 Ya| oy .y5 2B l-yutnvive blew eR a EMI) | wR phon a Step 5: Step 6: The complete soliton is Ye Yotyp Gay) oH 231 Solve by method variation of parameters 8 eD- 9 = Sf = “Grif Facing to ina Difeetiat nginceing MathematiceIL_1-38 Equations with Contant Coats “Ana ‘Step 1: Auxillary equation is D? ~6D+9= 0 -9D-9 =0 D-33 Fis ye 2 © te08 ‘Step 2: Consider particular Integral ax yp = (are Hore yy OM yy wae % x = ef(tese— se] au =|2 [= LS x ¥3|7/38° mays ex oe Step 4: Sep SPL is yy = seve ¥p = dogx= te Step 6 : Complete stution is ya vty 3 > Ge teywe Hons 32 solve xs SS 6tan = +164 = Ban-1? ane: Step 1: Put 2x +1 PL apeppeam spe Pun EE Write x= x6 we GERM ace LE ° Step 3: Use the equation where the costfcient of y is simple Le uation fy = ads 2H x-E ny = LS 42m-8 Substitute x and & to find. Fa y= fsbo tn EL] BI ace tit 2B sam[qe BH ie m2} HA acest 4h By = CREM RCo HL Lp y= Gert certs E @ Step €: Given t=O x20 andy #0 Tosind C, and C; put t=O, x= 0 in equation @) and t=0, =O option (6 0 = c+, +3E = “Gat Egincing So Eainering Matematig =I 2-3 _Diferntat Equation nd aptienions o- = -o.+ rind C; and Cz Adding we get, 0 = 2,78 9 Ci FE eee! Subsite and Cn eqatons a ay Egat 4 28 eee a Egmn, Bom B YOR" eRe a2 Solve He aenty wt Sonene ‘Ane: 8p SU 081 ap? Ue D = nen eguttonsbocmes Dxeaenay = t Dy-3eray = of Collect the terms of x andy. (DeaxW3y =e o (ps2)y-a = ® ‘Step 2: Solving for x IDw2 3 3 pals ld be [e423] x= (Daa te 3 arezeese (DR D-Syx = 142e 36H" ° AEs D?+4D-5-0 gives De hence ae ea fe pe Sten nineing Mathematics _ 2-4 _Dieotiat Equations a hpptctone = etic et ® Now spt Phe aay 3 0 Berap OT) Bra --af-2peJonan +H BJasmeger ( Gas a Hence GS. ts given by, NCR + Pec, oo oC et 2, 3 Fs Paco 8 sc, ot BB, Se o Now Be cscemiqe dese Step 3 : Use the equation where cosfficent of y Is simple je (De2)x-3y= By = (Ds2yn-t Ping vats and $n yo 4 Stoo] sifsaetsce 2,6 28a Simpliping we get sce ee 2 yr Cre kee, = ah jo Fogg Bas ngiceing Mathemates Ill 2-5_Diferential Equation and Appice Os Pe ey ‘Ans: Step {Une B= sence cn be wen Dine Dy 3e= DPy-aDK+ y= sin 2t Collect the terms of x and y WisyxeDy = et ~4 DRE (DE 43)y = sin 3 Shep 2: Solving or xby Cramer's rule pis Di jet “a> Pra)” fiat Dea [wt ss8 e408 = genet (OF 413? +9) de! -2ee2t (4 (W2+9)-0 ges s Da zy #38 CR is x= Cy conteCy aint +Cy cos steCy sing 1 = 1 2 Pe et eh wR DST rae (20052) shets Zeos2t Gonora solution fo x = CF. + PAL X= C, conte, aint 4, cos at seysinstedert+ Z cost “Gate for Eng ns Simultaneous ine Diperrsat Equations aed Appts airing Matonates 2-6 Step 3: And simian solving for y we get DDO Hy = -sin3t—tert Atsiey equation fry seme, D+ OF += 0 4 Daze 23 CRI yee Cy cont Cy int eG cos3t+y sine Ph for vpn et sin atte DOH > 1 41. Hey ay L oe, Paes we hander Gone sltion fry “CF. +P Y= CyewettG, sinteC, cost seyaaeeggana de! Sean te ao fa ny ot fe tone GBC, Cp =-2Cy, Gp =H2Cy G=26y By comparing he content of ection of Step 4: Requed sation or he given ese X * Cyeost¥C, sin tC, coe at ted sey sinated ent + 3 cooat and ¥ * 2G, c0st-2C, sint-2C, cos3t abet + banat 42C3 sinae-P ete Wife Enrecieg Sne Simaltencne Linear 2-7. Diferntal uations a Spies sum connate 0, n= Land v=o. (0 Bc, Make A) ‘Ans: Step 1: Wehave Duty = sinx o tDe = ox Stop 2 : Solving be Cramers rule, we get Dal. _|sine 1 1 vl ~ leorx (?-1ys = D sinx-corx= 0 som Dit-05D=41 2s B= Get ce” @ Step 3 Wehave Duty = sinx v= sinx-Dussing-Ciet HE * Ate = 0)u-Land v0 == aaa Fanci en Siotncous Liner ruining Mathenatis-II_2-8 Dien Equation ad ooh raring Mathenation- 2-8 _DifirentiatEyvtionsandAypiatons 2.2: Symmetrical form of Simultaneous Differential Equations {5 (PU on-200, 0,04 8,06 8708 9,10, 25 06, 07,08, 0, 30,8) oe ay de Gane form SS « $Y - $2 where P, QR are functions of X y, 2 are iid to be symmetrical simultaneous differentia! equations. The solution of such a system of equations is given Dy a pair of zelations u(x y,2)=C) and Viwy, 2)=C; which are independent of each other. We can solve auch system by following methods. es yao? | SPPU: o-04 30 1 ‘Ans. : By combinations, ay xdetyay = 0 Integrating, try eg a) Again by combination, “jr Erg Se Simattantoes incr Enpinuving Mathomatics-I1 2-9 Differential Equtins and pcos Integrating we get, yell = -24Cy yer ane cy @ uations (1) and (2) together constitute the solution ofthe system, Squntone and (ogc as ey Vat ye va 6 [ s9P0 :bee7, 8.06, 13 Ane iets 2 1 Lay 2, aerbaye2de Rach ratio = aya ae oy oe fy ade = ae aaa Integrating we get, logetlogy +2log2 = log Cy logaya? = log Cy wy? = cy o “Again use multiplies «3, y3, 23 _Mdxry Sey nde a ae Simalansou nea Enginering Mathematics 2-19 Difretat Equations and spplatons = Caeryleyretae = 0 Integrating we get, Soe eee 97 Solve = S-# 5 Hays, 081 : ay dz ay _ ae ‘Ane. : Consider $9,» 2 09 SY - de Integrating, we get, log y = log 2+ 19g C, yrce o Lat xy, be the set of multipliers for given equations then _sbeeydyeade aise yee Bagi at tyt eka? Poy aat dvs yay de xe eyP oe) Consider nix ydys sds dy x@heyfex?) BY esd yay snes) _ by Peyer ¥ Integrating we aot Tog 02 +92 +28) = logy + fog Cp BeytaP Gy = 0 ® "Equations () and @) logether const the sltion ofthe aye. “Gator Engen Exgicring Matas = IL 2a: LCR Cireult Consider the electrical elteuit ssven in Fig. 2. Let ® [a Instantaneous current . Q= Instantaneous charge Le inductance Fig. 24 C= Copacitor of capacity ‘Kirchhoff's law: The algebraic sum of all the voltage drops in an letre circuit ie zero. We consider the following cases. tase De eee ean of sei consi of Srocoune Lcapacianee wih en Pes = 129.908 o Case 2 The etre ution of sce cel nit EC pate 18968 -0 BE. B-0 "Tso Etc Equations (1) and (2) constitute the solution of the eystem. I Instantaneous current Engnering Mathematics 2-10 Dy ons an apts ons nd nner 10 _ Dieta gnations and Appin ngneringMathematics-II_ 2-11 _Diferential uations and Appctons = SansySdyeetde = 0 23: LCR Gireutt Integrating we get - Consider the electrical creuit R © siven in Fig. 24. Saytaxt we ateytext = cy = @ e | oy. 77 log y = log + tog Cy yee o et» 9,2 be the set of multipin forgiven equations then xe yy ne wae yay ade Brgtoat tag? kat Peaytet des yy nde x68 +y? +28) 1 (970: aps, 0 1 Consider sat yoy ade x@Fey ez?) 2 eax yy ada) ayaa? Integrating we get log a2 +y +28) = tog y + log Ce stryPeP Gyo 0 @ Equations (2) and (2) together constitute the solution ofthe system, ator Ericring tos Q= Instantaneous charge L = Inductance (C= Capacitor of capacity Re Rence Votage drop aos + RD Velage dap acoss L «Ltt vounge drop scm c = & We know thet 1=92 . Q = fiat Kinchoffs Iw : The asbrle sum of al he voltage drops i ah ‘Soot ui ser. We ender te fllowing eat. (Cave 12 The dileenl equation of sacle cond of inductance [Link]€ with emf Eis fl = E 0,9 1284908 case 21 The diferent equation of elacical rit const of EC without emt is Stmatansons Line Pruincering Mathematics= I! 2-12 Diperntat Equations and Aypisons Case 3 : The differential equation of electrical circuit consists of ‘ndusctance L, resistance R and capacitance C with em Bie ae. ideas Soe 1 The ferential equation of els cut consiss of L Rand C without Ei #9, R40, 2 #[Link], 2g 8 In am LM cel the chase onthe condenser 6 nen by WEEP eae ‘med to resonate #0 that oP = pte. W Initially the cment and charge be 210, show that for email values af ® the cument Inthe chu at ime ¢ ts aren by Eine Car a, we 6 Ana: Step 11 The given dltorental equation #4809 = gainer a LDig+ RDG4 2+ Evin on where D= Le. +Rps la = E sin (PP +Boedea = E amet te wt set = Eanee o Step 2: Note we cn ope [RD)as Besa ant» ge vo [= = “oto Fagoang Sets ngincring Mathomaries ll 2-18 Differential Equation and Applications Step 3 To find CF, ABs DP sat = 0 ie DP =-e? D CR = Cy coewt + Cy snet ‘Step 4: To find PLL : PLL oe step 8: + complet soln yr cyanate Cyaner gE; tower taper , 2 ot ee tain at + cosor) ° -- ts Sep 7 Now iy, at 0, 0 ar 0 rm equnion @) and] we ptt = 0 06 Cy +040 2G, -0ant oor cya gBcor 1 2 owe By abating tn equation (2) we get 1204 5E coswr-zE_(-tusinat +eoset) ris SEs = = we EE snot = Bt sinot (aE ~2Ea) swore BE non FE “ron Paging es nuheing Methomatics-I_2-26_Diferential Egntions nd gprs 29 An oncharged condenser of capacity C le charged by appiyh fan ems of value E sin + through the leads of Inductance and negligible Conde satin th deel equation £9 6 Pot ri ‘he charoe at any time tle aan by ont wae ae ate 5 (9rd p38 ate 4 + Step 1: Let pt mh The given lifer equation oe #Q #O. pq» Bam pe fe @ + phQ= Ean pt =a Step 2: To find CF. AE is DP p? oo te. pi--p? .Deap CR = Cy cor ps Cysinpt Step 3 1 To find PA PL ries ain Tor 7 EpE 60° Pt Step 4: The complete solution ie = Cy cow pre Cy ain pt ~ gE con pt ~@) Step 8: At t=0,Q=Oand i=0 From equation (2) 0= Cy +0402 C,=0 = Cy sinpt- Et cos pt 2 PEGE cos ph e a 1-2 e pen E Ey Cisinpt scoop hit jor Eoin cn 2:48 _Difirntal Batons ant Appistons Step 6: Now, at t= 0,1=0 0 = Cpa) apicring Mathomates th E Hor E Cap = ar a ‘Step 7: Substituting in Q we get st - EE cos pe api A PB sinpt~ teospt 40 An uncharged equdanter of capacity C ta charged by applying feo of value sin through the Tends of Inductance Land ealgible resistance. Find the charge at anytime t (SPP: may08 321 ‘Ans: The differential equation of L-C circuit is £9.9 - esnghe @ ree: wots #29..8 — Bante pute? =z £2.00 @+utQ a ABis Pout Ss Tor Bang Se Eginsering Mathematics III 2-26 _Diffevoutat Equations and apptentons Qe = C; cosuts Ce siniot “The particular integral is Ea Et Eteosut CS sinat = F 3k sina es grow ston = G0, cyconmt Gano covet 4,9 Tare"? o Here L = 01, R = 20, C= 100%10- 8-10" Equation (1) becomes, £4 «200 9 +1000. $4 +200$2-+100004 «0 AE fe DP 4200D+10000 = 0 (© +100) +100) = 0 ~ D = 100,100 @ igi Matti) 2-17 yet ae = (Cy #Cq0) 21" From euston (2) —_ aq 5 = Cy ana SE (+E yH 6 100 +04C, D = c1004¢, 1006, = (0.05) C3 == 8 = (005 (-5y91 = (005-5100 100 (005-5 1) <29* 5 gi 2.12 A creult conslete of an inductance Land condenser of epachty in serie. An alternating’ tom iE sin nets applied to it {the Inia "cument end ‘charge ‘on the’ "condenner {RS caren owing inthe cleat ct any time'€ for [SFU Dents Ma 4 ‘Ana. By Kirchhotfs law, we have £2.28. Esinne LEQ.» Ein a #O, 9 = Esinnt c £2, aut o = Engineering Mathonaies-IE1_ 2-18 Difretal uations ad hopions ‘The swxilary equation sD? +0? =0— Desie, Q = Creasut+Cpxinat ‘The particular ntogra of equation (1) is = oh Banat oo aE Case {wen then Ore Q = O4Op= Cy conete Gy sinat of gt ro Oe = Eehunae = cove, = CyeontCysinot Eb cont ro, Find Q af any “The iternat equation of aye 1 Qee te SQ, LE SOO Ee te AB is D0? <0) D= tin Qe = Cyeosa+ Cine = nto Ere Sn 2:19 _Diferentia Equations and Apeations Engineering Mathematis It a We have, at ‘Ans. The given DE. is 25 449.4 a4sinoe RGA = ataino ite or going Sa rin htt 2-29 eT 24 amt0 ¢ earls a L = 05,R=6.C=002 Equation (1) becomes, #4, R a9 #a,BS0,.3 73.4128 1009. = asintoe Pe 1288-+1009 = ssintor @ AB is “D?«i2psi00 = 0 D--6 +81 ce [Acon8+ Bsn 4) ° PL — (4a 104 ” DEviaD i Hence the general solution of (2) is a =e Staccette mans —Zees1on 44 I we apply inital conditions, we get Q= 0, 1=0 at t= . anBe-3 Hee, 4 = e*[Zeostes inst ]-Jooeio, 18 An ent E sn tls aplled at ¢ = 0 to 2 cele containing @ Stpectans Cand tnduciance Curent 1 sa the cauon Ugh Alte = om pe pt = be and tntay the current 1 and ‘dharse Q ate sero shen show that the current at time ¢ ix EF ain pt where | = 32, BE Om ot where 1 = 32 (SPU ace, Maks 4 Ans. + Refer Qa. agnegNatenaie 2-28 Dini aed pis QaB,A petrnnce af 50 ohma an indctor of 2 henein and and sc" open ‘the Instantancour ‘cherge and 2» 250100 = 20 +5 +29 -0 De -m- pao = hens} The complete solution is a= acta Aah cet ad a= Ge ected This is charge on capacitor at any time t. a 1-8 ‘This fs current in the creut at any time t END 85 = “for Eoprrg aan = “for Ergin aos UNIT Laplace Transform (LT) 3 3.4 Laplace Transform 1 Definition : The Laplace transformation is an operation denoted by 'L’ which associates to each function £0) (F> 0) & tunique fuicton of) elled the Laplace Transform of f(t) defined Lor =F emtoer aa ‘where Lic called as Laplace ttansform operator and s is a parameter, real o complex [Note : As Laplace transform is a definite integral, therefore all the properties of definite integrals are true for Laplace transtorms 1 Condition for Existance of Laplace Transform ‘A funeton ft) is said 0 have tts Laplace transform if 1) Is plece wise continuous, 4) is a Function of exponential order, 4) Pisce wise continuous function : A function f() is sald to be Picco wise continuous in the given interval, if (@) is continous In firuto number of subintervals which ate obtained by subdividing the given interval Fe 34 ) Function of exponential order : If there isa constant 8 with the property that € |) emalns Bounded a t=» = ten) sid tobe of exponental order, 4. Kis of exponential orders 6° | )| Let a » Lo 2 » Let) = & and so on. IV) Properties of Laplace Transforms TT peaitns [ele wi)-eern 2 [Stand siting [Hat =I(-a), om wore no, tea then £ [oc] -e"* 9) 5 | Grange otsete Ta fran} Fo) nit for Engng Sos ~ 6 Laplace Trensfors LD U@]=s9@ "0. L[ro]-seei-e foro LEO] =#8 961-28 1-8 OO) ‘ut dete atplaton by prey [fost |eL}roma)-g a “is egton-+ don opt Step 2 Now, using fs hing property TL [0] = 969) then Le [R01 =0(6-8) sien “ete = gee) UCM!) » aah —[>— __ "Gale for Fogng ar ngincering Mathematien IMI 38 Laplace reaper 2D 23 Let con at 9) ‘Ans. Step 1" Consider fost + 3)» L (E05 2¢ cos 3 ~ stn 24 sin 3) = c08 3 L (coe 28 ~ sin 3 L fin 24) 2 = con -sin 3 ea 4 L te teoe? ‘Ans. Step 1: Consider Lio + effete os = Eu tecsse 3 feosd “a) Step 2: Nov, using fist shifting property 1, L [0] = 0(5) then L fe 9] =9(2-) Step 3: Lieto] = 96+) Let cos? tis give by, 16) .3_te ets Fe fees] eS o Gera tea ta, Lieb om) y= as a0 Gentes Engineering Methenatie Mt 3-9 Laplace Transform 0) w-!° 133 O* feet-aeins ens) t29 Step 2 We kn that HL 0) = 9) an "lhe the Then, L fs] =e (6) Step 3: Here £¢~ a) = &0-M%ain 3 (¢-3) where a 3 9 = Bane 06) = Le ine OF af (by 1% shifting property) om -x[__3 AL Ig 00) = snecisni-eron eft] 28 Evaluate L(t sin? t) Ane, (5 + Hap 98, 3, Be-2008, 01 tep 1: Use sin38=3sind asin? 0 Lien? a 2 ‘Te shay 2 We tno WL [KO] = 96) Then, Le RO) = 90) ae oles eal = prea 3-10 os coe @ay 9 3 ler - ed Flea 9 18691 Weave Liana = et en at) = 40) ofl] = Fires ses by substituting s = 0 we get (By detiniion)) ae “Fear Ergin cs Laplace Traeforn 27) [PU ore8) Step 5: Subst the ints of san imp. = log-log £24 = 0-iog 8 m3 as [setae ‘Ans. Step L [0s at ~ cos 8] = L cost = L cos be Feat (SPU + De88, May 95, B49) = —_ —__ == “Ta Engng ee aging Matheaties Laplace Transform Joma step 3: Subst he vv 0 $19 sat) «(ar ae)® + gta df ate © How foe 0 eee + afb ee 210 Find tof Re (1 (SPRY 1 Hay 2000, 10, dec-2000} Ane: Step: gineering Mathematics Mt 3-13, Laplace Trensform 7) Step 2 Loin) = OOo" aa 2). heeft [ea [em soars Step 3: LIF(OT= =1(0)+ (6) Su 4 Ung sve prope sp. LEFCO] = ~£(0)+8 6(8) = scot 452 ait samet{f ‘Ans: (PU Way, sa 4) Si # conse oy =| Ser 2st Lo) yma ee Hoes sips 5 ae “SG io Baggs aging Mathematics 3-88 Laplace Toensform (LD ‘Step §: Substitting in (1) are a meet sana a ro Step 1: Let iy = f tsinatear eC ete teere oat ee Step 3: ufc) = $b itsingtl 6 ey Step 4 Use 1 siting property Ler f toma = ——6 _»__6_, $ [ooo Grsniesy fans 2 ett [stm sa (PP Map 8 Hr ‘Ana: Step 1 tet ft) + fertsin tae Engineering Mathematica IE 3-18 Laplace Transform Pectin tt acts go seep? 1 0) = Ho Hen feo = Leon sup 3: tier = Pate n 9 “Gap "iGieeva seep &: Now urge = cndtia) — ‘jer na] =a] saan =n, 144 Find the Laplace transform of tc, (PU ay 38 nk ‘Ana: Step 1: Wenwe too)» A 9) Step 2 Leo) + o@ 9) Step 3: LfeMeos 2) = #3 to} wa Sepa: Utgol = engtisws tity = end tat i for Fri Sn oo EB} Gate} 22603-2024 125-18) = cy [i2sss12e s12e-10) of] stor (=e 13P 2.18 Find Laplace transorm of Lite" sin 36, ; (SPU 38, Hae stop 4: Wo have Lin = 38 fm 2st ertansg « Hee) * ao" Fae Spe: Ltgio) ~ - Liew i544) Geese 25F (204 out he neg wng Lele ant [nt ene etsy Ans isinel = Merteed = Cia seas ricer Matheatie IE Laplace Tramform 0) coetsing = eng {—t — setae — 8 ae? Sea yi “'sinta = 117 Solve Evaluate ([eseeete] (SPP: oe, ae 2) Ans. : Let f(t) = cos ot eos 4 00) = She {)- Tes = Fogts? +36)-logte? +167 ern Meteaty tt Bethan ror (248 Mn he Lalce tanto oS ay a Werae —tsond LEP] «oe Ta » fase of = [oes «fine ot wail, = “| + fea oe: Wa We oxtean lint to an 8, tere fing 133 = O-og. 30 Pind LF 0 = . t = non dows Sip sta 0 =| Step 2: Use definition L160] = Step 3: We get Litioy = [2 on Aate F Gin en # at "Gf Erin Se Lu) = D ie. HL WO] = 96) hen LT AO. 1 Properties and theorems on inverse Laplace transforms © Linearity property : TH IC,o4(6)+Cs02161* CL Ley) Ca Loy Note : The property of Laplace transform is linear, therefore inverse Laplace is also linear Le. inverse Laplace transforms are Aistrbutive over addition. Also this rorult can be extended for ‘more functions also. ) Fist shifting theorem : 16L* fo] =A then L* [6le-ay}=e* Proof : We know frst shifting theorem of Laplace transforms te Lie" £01 = 966-3) Ths Lt fo(s-a] = et 0) = et woot Note : The replacement of « By s — a in 6(6) corresponds to ‘multiplication of original funclon {() by e* “eo Eoiering Soe einerng Mathemation-1 3-20, aplceFanfor 7 ‘ Second shifting theorem : If [9] ~ He then crime fOo ote 2) Change of sale propery 11 folate een BeRo= be(f) elt is a HEL (9G) = Ae) then LTO =— CAO) ie FAG = 9) en From G1) C1 (€'@] = (9? L196) and 40 0n LAO = Cy" 9@ 19 Inverse Laplace transforms of integrals 1607 (PeoT= Me Ben L* fi owes) 19 ana 20 on 1) Eefect of multiplication by # + HEL 9] =) then 7 [60 l= FC IE HO) <0 Proof : We know that L[P(Q] = ~ 0) 9) 1E() = 0 then LEO 915) ie socal FO. nginceing Madhomatice tt 3-28 a2 Laplace Tenforn LP 1) Effect of division by 1 9001 ten Lf) rat: Wenn 10a] =F tne te prose 1 Convolution theorem : Ifthe function 66) ean be expressed 43s 2 product of two funetions @y(s) and ¢(s) whose inverses (0) and f9(0 respectively are Known then the inverse of the | product # (3) = (9) -ta() can be calculated by using convolution theorem, LD Table of Inverse Laplace Transforms sno] oe) Swe 0) em Ota oh Tr yee Tanwewa a tet atone 7% a0 1. Tae =a ue a) T0s0-3) Find Laplace inverse of folowing _ss=34 Pe, a2 © GH ‘Ana. Step 1: We have to find sp 3 Use te orm =} = e =! | a Fae a 7 ca apne vies oer Gb iene efor Eoin Sars aaa omeneMaonn- 9:39 pani Step 4: Simplify 1) = seat Sana toate sina 1 Ser2t-tnn2-eoth 6s on mma eft] wa SF re et te Towa - 2 aging Mthematis-1___3-28 Laie eam 0 aa Let we - “ESh] Ge0F a . + este) (+1? +1. “bits ory sy an eo Fay Sa ng apie Taform cD Step 2+ Adjusting the rma we get ae wig. (026 Soe 171, 25 , ans Let a) = oats] - fied] “ete Beel Pen tate etweeran 40 = oem set, 2.28 Find inverse Laplace transform of | 1 (ru ey, nae 4) Ane: Step 1: Let ae) = 1 =e “ite or pang ae freeing Mata 3-36 sup 2: tage) -1-'[2} foe step 3: By convolution theorem ELEC) = 8 ene (rus owe 15) 1.27 Find inverse Laplace wanctorm of step 11 We ean write at em Stop 2: Pat = 1 we get a= Pete oo = Bet Berl = 257 +1)+G-s+C) oo plosieacemenn +o ee ast latpeeaes+o get co ‘Step a co supers etsy « e( 2) ort Joh] TeMfoge = 26! 2 coat tint 3) mei “nie for Erierng Str Praincering Mathematic-I___ 3-27 ‘Step 35 Eos) cy) O20 Pind US iat ca) Se SED = sms Sepirte et (41) Sept te 9) ol Step 3: Use the formats given by we Con Tg) = tain “ito Engng ate Laplace Treeform () Lape Taner LT 1102601 “ Let ho By convolution theorem, Ettyereer = [oo ty 10)» fo-w s a[fesmenefosnses] HHH cor 6) = logs? + a7) ~ log(e? + 6°) i = wes es Step 3: Find! of (3) Step 2 1 9) = 2 (cos at cos be} Step 4: Using te formula 1! 46) = = gi ggg) = BSB oe 8 sonssep ttaay 2-20) [SP Mayo, Oen35 ) fw ser (0 = sin => tar Engrg rans aging Mathomatie 1 Laplace Transform 2) ‘Step 2 : By convolution theorem we know that, Lt g@a(0) = j Ato ett - w du Step 3: Et giomin = fe Man wcn Core ~ fst tana ons} Step 5 : Substitting the Lmate oft f 1 {et +d ~o'|fhem- anv ef] tnt cm Leen} = Heat = on = Hone cones oJ wae] % cme A ey not wetme fps] et “tor Errno = Engneing Mathonaice-t 9-98 Lapeer 2) and 11 [82] » Foe Weave es cy and mayeen® eyo sats] - fene-[ Leesa] hb fle ane = [Se-egp get sn dag) fhe ne ngincering Mathematics Mt 3-32 apace Transform 3.3 ; Laplace Transform of Special Functions Reem Wat Bp Peden Te ao i Bl eee ayer vata —— peere Vow = (Pas! ea e Fig 22 [Alto the displaced unit step fiction # denoted by Hi (t=) or the function 6 one after 12 a [Note : Use ofthe function 4) Suppose we need certain function f() afer dhe point t = then ft can be obtained by £(). U (¢~ a) be By multiplying f bby Ulta). This concept will be mare clear by using the figures Delors Let f= sin t Graph off) as fellows Engincering Mathomatce-ttt___ 3-39 Laplace Prange 2) ‘The graph of Uta is as fllows, ot) nua) sinewave srg Yama Fig. 33 sinewave Fig. 34 0 forten 2 for tee wen | When we consider ait) = sine Ut = mh As Ult= 9) is aero for ten thus the value of g(t) will be Utt=x) is one for te thus the value of gt) willbe Sine) forte we can represent) 0 fort pHa ass * TZ 23, ya "ars tae ‘Again sbatute w= 5? +25 ys ys af Step $ : Taking inverse Laplace transform a) = SS fein t+ sin tp END... og To apg Sa 4 I Fourier BensformrD | ‘41: Fourier Transform 1) The following table gives the Fourier transform pairs for ready Sr. | Name of the | Expression for_|Iinverve wansform fs) = No. | “transform /dne tanstorm 7) ginceing Mathenaten IIE 4-2 Bours Tro ae | senses for even) for od I) 09 ropa |e 2] ance Note |) For sclving examples we use above formulae 2) J oaeno If (9) is oud. ae Foster, [VE] woamiucn | coat | FG) sae ‘We may use the following table also (Note the constant multiples Of the integrals © Reem [fae Free a a2] epee 1669) is even =| Ton {e" ase fr serv may, 20 sven fx) _ _ ‘Ans. : Coneider F.C. formula na) J Mepeeansate f sem a-enancueT of R= DeosPucosu = cos(h-I) au +eas(hel 7 [eaten [seo 1) + $f thts) at Fae fre mel ‘omg fr aaron Dat oginving Mathemann IME 4-3 Foner ransom 0) [sD . snganayt aT eT Prt the lite of FQ) z[geps gens] 2.2 Find Four sine and cosine tana of (PU Hays 4, Hae 4 ‘Ans. Step 1: Consider FST, formula 0) = J teyamuen Step 2: Split the integral and substtate the vale ffs) Bo) fsinnsdee} aa) sndadn Step 3 :Intogating by pasts Foy ~ [a=spee] au cosh fea} fase a nar tS Ss S| = [oes set sem ay Bond _ sin rad Step 4: As sin 22 = 2 ind. cooh we got 0) - 28aG=ces”) = Now for finding cosine transform = “Tat or Ena Ss ginering Matimatin I 4 Pour Transform RQ) = J roconnude ee eee 1.0)- [frowtecee @-nenrae es moo it slew} apt sok, oh 1 nh _exath , ost See Sp ee 2oowhconti-t # 3 Find the Four sine wanton a 9) = co ae x> 8 1 Grr ns Step 8: Tous RQ) = ana. We ave Fs = [snd eos conuanhude ff Ft ores Jor can chen eamretntes | feaingiryu-+ 1 costa tpu Toe (ralagi-ta-ti-neo-} ene a i EnsincringMathomaticn Tho = 2) )-—4 _ o-aery ae Fo) = a, 0 Hee nt] 04 Pid Fourier tmatorm f(s) = I= Nats 0. roe Mace nat (S00 Caer seme OO Enginering Mathomatiy It 3 Fourier ransform 7) 2.4 a) Find Fourler tranaforn of «+77 1) Show that Fourer tramaform of 7/8 by 28/2 (PU ay, 321 ‘Ans: a) The Fourier transform of f) = 0°79 given by try = Peete ax roy Jel = Pete oF dot dg web pedo y ‘The above integrand is even function Foy =F aT HOF ay subatte 3 (cri)? =u Bagot axe de epinering Mathematical 4-36 Fourier Transform ma Peturt as Fa) = PA a/ Fa vee 8 FO) = eRe MA 1) In this example use the formula Fo= de Famer = eta oy pat (a) Faye oR 238 Usa ive sine wanton nd 0 = Ba ro nes ‘Ang: Step 1: Inverse sine transform of F; (i) given by (Note the formula for inverse) fo) = 2] x evsncen ‘Step 2: Put the value of F () fin = 2f SE ainaxan Step 3 [Use the rule of DUIS] “rite fo Enns Engineering Mathomat Step 7: Integrating, wat x we get (00 = Bint Ze stop 8: Pate =0, = 048 Step 9: To find £0), put x= 0 in step 2. oy “fi Fowl wer) Step 10 : Put A= 0m step 7 =a “ae rEg Son 5 Z-Transform (ZT) Sa: Ztransform » 4) Definition : The Z-transform of sequence (I() is defined as soo) = 3 oper = rey aie) = ¥ 00 where 2 x+ 4y # @ complex number, 2 Js the operator of Z-teansform and F(2) is the Zetransform of sequence (0) ‘The Ztranaform of a sequence [f0k)) exists if the series] Si 2°* is convergent. Le. The series tends to a finite for some values of 2 These values of 2 for which the eres is convergent te within a region known as Region of {convergence (ROC) inthe 2-plane 1) 2tranatorma of Some Standard Sequences 1) Discrete unit step function vey 2 [Of ES 8 Oo hitkeo on rginorngMathematie I $-2 Ztransform 0) tuo] = = Sos “Ee wich is onvergnt |! <4 bein 4 Hence uo) = 725 if tel > 2 Unit pele fancion ~% nitk =o lok eo aco) = Saye +E oot osteoma oe"* ate} = 129 2 ida) = ke 0 atoo) = Zao ~ Smet Sa = ier Engrg Stns + Zoat eS ate = Zorn steer tear tes 1 fader ie. nl > tal region of convergence Is the exterior of circle (ida) = Gath: Keo orden ait) = $9 = mer Saree = Zatekeo ekecr coker and-- ck e-Tp ee k2l iederee 100) aging Mathomaten IE 2:tranaform 2) ‘Thos slo) 2 (8) = 55, k<0 and for lzt< lal and hence region of convergence isthe interior of the aicle x? + y? = a » 0) = tah v ex By definition, aio = & sgyz-* Y ayeks $ aye® + Femet Fer Lon we have tht = 4 ero = -kukeo ‘Thus equation (5.1) becomes, aide Sak acks $ ate - Ler aF = fare (anys (aay + refed +] provided lel 1 and|fe1 “Teor osverng Ss _Zetvensform 22 4 I> tal leteph, and ia fal| et | ie! fee) | torah » (91+ anh ak, 0 tonne = [Sk *)] forlz islet | and elo be8 | for lal > maxinusn of fel and le™*1 Gt Paging Se apie Mathonatice tt 8-7 transfor 0 soot Fmeomari zaish Prt coshavi » fon tel > inlet te » (1) = couhak, Kz 0 2 [ooth ak) = {* =] “ltests] for z)> letland | 21> fe * ms = “ut for Ein Sa 58 Ztrensforn 20) +See saeete foe eM et foe [Blea for tel >1 wy 001 frkeneo 2 (KCq] on & Bogart pitkoner Bis eccte se tec eee) ase ene oz y* fork=n20 and [et <1 for tel > kenzo = "a gs Engineering Mathematen Ith me eae) 59 Zetransforn 20) ~ Ae, zprrcyy = & Heecy a By definition, 246} F Gem dee m= 1) Ges 1) + E,gemoem r = eorn(2) eomeraany “err? (by above example) for txt > for t2t > a) Keo kz0 (ae zransform ns EGey Putting k= rin firet summation Sum of ininte GPs S. = p22, |s)<2 = Bee ee wat eT b late faa Pte 2 Fin zaman of 1 DEAS TRIE o ee tomas ma ‘ana: We have) 30) 24(-1% ZifGO) = Zi9A*)+4(-YKE k 20 = Mpeg toa tat wel Bye hyf ieee = 2[2@emeae-2) Garay} eo 20) = «2082 iat >2 + The region of convergence i exterior ofthe citcle x? +y2 =22. "afr Engng Sn |< fle sam of innate GP. Lie Peisie 22 te >2 Epiaicaiad Le. the ROC i the annuus beeen the crs 2 +y* (3) and wi ey? 22? inthe zplane SS fo ei St incon Maton <4 >t ji tales and te t>d Se Me HO ean tren eae 9 «(Bnd Ney? 242 in the zplane “A for Engng Ss ‘5.2 : Properties of Z-transforms| Zetransform 2) 1) Betton « Fe) = 2 Go} F fay 2°* + Ese for causal sequence 29) 2) uiearty 2 40) + ba} ~ aZ Oo} + 87 lb} 5) change of Seale z{a* Uo} = F (3) 4) Corotiary of Change of Scale Z{er™ Hin}= F(e 2) 5) shiting Property 5) For both sided sequence Zl + a} = 2" FG) Z {fk ny} = 2°" Fe) 1) For causal sequence (k =0) . ZA ay) = eFC) —"S Fee ah 2{(k + 0} = FF)~ 240) 2 {Hk ny} = 2°" FC) 20k = 1)} = 2-1 FG) ZEHk~ 2} 2°? Pee Right shiting Zfl(e + 2} = 2? F(e)-244(0)=2 0) ee, Left shifting “Tent forErgiceng Sen aging Mathematies Itt 5-35 2-tranform 27 PrcneingNatematon- 5-14 en 6) mutpiaton by k Z kK} = -2 2 Fe) hs generat Zhe 103} = (- 1) vain by i 2{@] «7 82s Jot ve Tne rt in a ig 138 rua vane rn ro ae tamer ot tn urea oer Z[EO0}* BOO] = F(2)- G2) Perens eae {00}* BO} = ES fomack-m and for cata! sguence k20) fo} & GO} =F Gn) ga ~ my Examples 8 Find 2 {1(4)} Qk) = ew (Oe 2 KO 2 sin ae 20 LSU: owe, £2, 2,16, Make 4} Ans. A Weave, f(k) = 2 cos (3k + 2) k20 (orm : Z [a £(4)), Hence, =a change of 05 (K+ 2) = 6083 cos 2-sin 3K sin2 2(608 3k +29) = 6082308 3k]-sin 22s 3K) SS) eel = 6 6) » 1 By hang fea propery te 21h 0)= (we ae znresox+ 1-68) E(B ~ cms (3) -%g)em2 stag te fom na ponte jx jaws s)Werave = 2° sat tz0 +(g} sn avizo ts Ztrrtorm 2H} = 2{a) an ah eso

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