Infinitiv 3
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Lika BarachaInfinitiv 3
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Lika BarachaCommon questions
Auf Basis von KITransforming declarative sentences into infinitive constructions in German involves replacing dependent clauses often introduced by "dass" with the infinitive form of the verb prefixed by "zu." For example, "Der Chef zwingt seine Mitarbeiter, dass sie Überstunden machen" becomes "Der Chef zwingt seine Mitarbeiter, Überstunden zu machen." The dependent clause converts into an infinitive phrase, emphasizing the action more directly and altering the sentence's rhythm and emphasis from reporting an event to focusing on the action .
Recommendations in German can be expressed using infinitive sentences with 'zu' by combining the infinitive verb form with phrases that indicate suggestion or advice, such as "empfehlen." For example, "Mein Mann soll nicht mehr rauchen" can be turned into "Sein Arzt hat ihm empfohlen, nicht mehr zu rauchen." This constructs a sentence that clearly conveys that the recommendation originates from an authority or an advice-giving source .
Purpose in German infinitive sentences is typically expressed with the structure "um ... zu," which explicitly indicates the intention behind an action, such as "Horst plant, um körperlich fitter zu werden, nach München zu Fuß zu wandern." Reason, on the other hand, can be implied or stated through conjunctions like "weil" or phrases that express causality, followed by an infinitive, creating a sentence where the action itself is the reason without the explicit purpose marker "um." This distinction allows for subtlety in expressing why something is done versus what it accomplishes .
"Es ist verboten, im Restaurant zu rauchen" uses the infinitive with 'zu' to express a prohibition regarding a personal behavior, namely smoking. This construction succinctly and authoritatively conveys the restriction, integrating the prohibition within a declarative sentence framework to emphasize compliance without expanding on reasons or implications .
Expressions of necessity using infinitive constructions in German require the use of "zu" with action-oriented verbs, often accompanied by phrases like "es ist wichtig/sinnvoll" (it is important/sensible) to indicate necessity. For instance, "Es ist wichtig, den Beipackzettel zu lesen" expresses a necessity. In contrast, suggestions might use milder language without "zu," and the expression does not mandate an action but rather advises it—such as suggesting something is a good idea but not obligatory .
In German, the verb 'brauchen' combined with 'nicht zu' and an infinitive form denotes optionality or the absence of necessity. For example, "Du brauchst das nicht zu unterschreiben" conveys that signing is not required. This structure effectively communicates that the action is not needed, providing a clear sense of choice or lack of obligation. It simplifies a sentence to express that an action is entirely up to the subject's discretion .
Infinitive sentences can express obligation or compulsion by using the construction "zu" followed by the infinitive form of a verb. For example, in "Der Chef zwingt seine Mitarbeiter, dass sie Überstunden machen," it can be transformed into an infinitive sentence: "Der Chef zwingt seine Mitarbeiter, Überstunden zu machen." This structure succinctly conveys a sense of requirement or compulsion .
Using the infinitive with 'zu' in German can express prohibition by indicating that an action is not allowed. For example, "Im Zoo ist es nicht erlaubt, die Gorillas zu füttern" expresses that feeding gorillas is prohibited. This structure allows for a clear and direct way of expressing rules or restrictions in a sentence .
Expressing future actions using infinitive constructions in German often employs auxiliary verbs like "vorhaben" paired with "zu" and an infinitive to communicate intentions or plans. For instance, "Das hat sie nächstes Jahr vor," indicating a future intention, can be expanded using an infinitive construct as "Marianne hat vor, nach Australien auszuwandern." This construction clarifies that the plan is not immediate but a considered future action, adding depth to the meaning by explicitly noting premeditated intention .
Expressing mental states or beliefs with infinitive constructions in German shifts the focus from opinion to action. For instance, "Laura ist davon überzeugt, dass sie die Prüfung ohne Probleme besteht" can be synthesized into "Laura ist davon überzeugt, die Prüfung ohne Probleme zu bestehen." This construction highlights the belief as connected to the action directly, making the thought more dynamic and tied to the anticipated outcome. The infinitive form emphasizes the connection between belief and its fruition as an active consideration rather than a passive thought .