^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY

HYVH^LY >, G´ ^HSMYMÙG? 444
^XVB V-3:8

TABG FH IBAMFBF IG^ CHIJB HKMYMÙG? 4=-2>->4>2

ILGYV^XIVMLG  

TABG FH BYH@X^BKMHGVL
FH AB IBAMFBF

‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb V-3:8‛ 

HABNL^BFL ^HSMYBFL BT^LNBFL BIHTVBFL

Glknrh Haëbs @lgzâahz Vbkbrb Hspmglzb Kbguha ^lfrë`uhz Crbgimsil @briëb
Ibr`l Ohch RB/RI Ohch YYLKB Ohch Lcmimgb Víigmib Mgsphitlr Cmsiba

Cmrkb

Chijb 4=-2>->4>2 4=-2>->4>2 4=-2>->4>2 4=-2>->4>2

 

ËGFMIH

Vbnab fh ilgthgmfl
Fhsirmpimùg fha Ilgtrbtl?..............................................
...............................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...................9
..9
Baibgih fha Tabg fh Ibamfbf ? ...............
...............................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..............................9
.............9
Tlaëtmib fh Ibamfbf ................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
...........................=
...........=
LNOHVMSLY FH AB LN^B ................................
.................................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................24
24
Glrkbtmvbs Bpamibnahs...............................
................................................
...................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...................2>
...2>
Ibrtb @bgtt ................................
.................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................26
...26
Lr`bgm`rbkb ...............................
................................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................28
28
@hrhgimb...............
...............................
.................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................28
28
Hgibr`bfl fh Ibamfbf fh Lnrb ..............
...............................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................23
23
Ohch fh Vhrrhgl ...............
...............................
.................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
......................20
......20
Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls .................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.........................20
.........20
Hgibr`bfl Bknmhgtba ...............
...............................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...............................2:
..............2:
Yuphrvmslrhs? Ohch fh abnlrbtlrml, Ohch fh tlpl`rbcëb y Ibpbtbihs ..............
...............................
...............................2:
..............2:
Bfkmgmstrbtmvl y Hgibr`bfl fh Ilstls ................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...................2=
...2=
Hgibr`bfl fh Nlfh`b .................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................2=
...........2=
Vrbnbobflrhs ................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.........................>4
.........>4
Yunilgtrbtmstbs y Trhstbflrhs fh Yhrvmiml ..............
...............................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................>4
>4
Trlihfmkmhgtlss fh @hstmùg ................................
Trlihfmkmhgtl .................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................>2
...........>2
^h`mstrls fh Ibamfbf .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................>>
>>
Bufmtlrëbs Mgthrgbs fh Ibamfbf .................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.......................>>
......>>
Trlihsls Ilkpahkhgtbrmls?.......................
Ilkpahkhgtbrmls?........................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................>6
...>6
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls Mkpuhstls plr abs Nbshs fh Trhvhgimùg
fh ^mhs`ls pbrb Ilgtrbtls KLT. ............................
.............................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
....................>8
...>8
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls Bknmhgtbahs hg Ilgclrkmfbf b abs Nbshs
fh @hstmùg Bknmhgtba y fh Tbrtmimpbimùg Imufbfbgb pbrb Ilgtrbtls KLT. .................................>8
.................................>8
@HGH^BAMFBFHY? .................................
..................................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.........................>3
.........>3
GL ILGCL^KMFBFHY?
ILGCL^KMFBFHY? .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................>0
>0
ILGV^LA FH T^LSHHFL^HY .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.........................>0
........>0
ILKXGMIBIMÙG
ILKXGMIBIMÙG ILG ] BA IAMHGVH. ..........................
...........................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
....................>0
...>0
^hsla. 8=> F@LT KLT Ahtrbs H,C,@,J,M .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.........................>:
.........>:

BGHZL 2 .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.......................92
......92
 

Fhsirmpimùg fha Ilgtrbtl?

Ha prhshgth prlyhitl fhglkmgbfl ‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb V -3:8‛ ilgthkpab ab
hohiuimùg fh lnrbs fh rhplsmimùg fha puhgth Als Hsthrls > unmibfl hgtrh ha ek 22.9=>, :4 y ek
22.66>,:3 fh ab rutb V-3:85 ilkugb fh ab Xgmùg, Trlvmgi
Trlvmgimb
mb fha ^bgil, ^h`mùg fh Als ^ëls. Yh
prlyhitb ab ilgstruiimùg fh ug puhgth fh tmplal`ëb fhcmgmtmvb ilg ug abr`l fh 84,44 khtrls smhgfl
sm hgfl
ugb mgcrbhstruiturb ilgclrkbfb plr hstrmnls fh jlrkm`ùg brkbfl ilg pmalths prh-hxibvbfls.

Ha pabzl fh tírkmgl fh ilgtrbtl hs fh >24 fëbs fhsfh bfoufmibfb

bfoufmibfb ab amimtbimùg, iilgsmfhrbgfl
lgsmfhrbgfl quh ha
cmgbgimbkmhgtl
cmgbgimbkmhg tl fha prlyhitl hs fh cclgfls
lgfls shitlrmbahs y ha tmpl fh iilgtrbtl
lgtrbtl hs fh vbalrhs ugmtbrmls ilg
rhbousths. Ab lnrb sh hohiutbrâ hg ek 22.9=>, :4 y ek 22.66>,:3 fh ab rutb V-3:8.


Glknrh fha Ilgtrbtl
Ilgtrbtl ^hplsmim ùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls
^hplsmimùg Hsthrls >, ^utb V-3:8
Fmrhiimùg ilgtrbtbgth Bv. Ab`ugb Bzua #2928, Ilgihpimùg
Vmpl fh Ilgtrbtl Yhrmhs fh prhimls ugmtbrmls, ilg rhbousths plamkùgmils
^hs. Bfoufmibimùg 28-43->422 Chijb trbkmtbfb
Iùfm`l YBCM 20>3:: Khribfl Tÿnamil5 MF 8:=8-0-AT22
^hbousth Mgfmih nbsh
Trhsupuhstl Lcmi mba $ ==0.083.>24 Trhsupuhstl bfoufmi bfl $ :3=.=48.804
Tabzl ilgtrbt
ilg trbtll >24 Xgmfbf fëbs
Chijb mgiml 28-40->422 Chijb tírkmgl 24-4>->42>
Mgsphitlr/b Cmsiba Trlchsmùg Mg`. Ilgtruitlr 
ILGV^BVMYVB / ILGYL^IML IG^ Ilgstruitmlg ^.X.V 00.489.28:-=
Trlchsmlgba ^hsmfhgth Âavbrl Nrmlghs Trlchsmùg Mg`. Imvma
Imvma Ilgstruii mùg
Hgibr`bfl/b fh Ibamfbf Fhgmssh ^lnahs Trlchsmùg Mg`. Imvma Mgfustrmba 
Mkb`hg G´2? Vbnab fh fhsirmpimùg fh ilgtrbtl. 

Baibgih fha Tabg fh Ibamfbf?

Ha smsthkb fh @hstmùg fh Ibamfbf sh amkmtb b als trbnbols furbgth ab hohiuimùg fha prlyhitl
‑^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, ^XVB V- 3:8‛, ha iuba ilgthkpab ab hohiuimùg fh lnrbs
fh rhplsmimùg fha puhgth Als Hsthrls > unmibfl hgtrh ha ek 22.9=>, :4 y ek 22.66>,:3 fh ab rutb V-
3:8. Hsth prlyhitl iukpamrâ ilg tlfls pugtls y bsphitls hsphiëcmils
hsph iëcmils fhcmgmfls hg ha ilgtrbtl. Hg
ibsl fh shr ghihsbrml, shrâg fhcmgmfls ibknmls hg ha ilgtrbtl
i lgtrbtl als iubahs sh ilkugmibrâg hg pabzl
hstbnahimfl. Ha sm`umhgth pabg fh ibamfbf sh nbsb hg ab glrkb GIj MYL =442?>428, ab iuba hs hstbnahih
tbnahih
rhqumsmtls fha smsthkb fh `hstmùg fh ibamfbf quh shrâg bpamibfls furbgth ab hohiuimùg fh abs lnrbs.
Ha pabg fh biimùg
pabghs ibamfbfyilgthkpab ab fhcmgmimùg
ilgtrla slnrh ab ibamfbffhfhugalsgmvha fh mkplrtbgimb
rhsuatbfls quh phrkmtmrâ ab fhcmgmimùg fh
prlyhitbfls.
 

Gmvha 2?

Hs ha gmvha fh kâxmkls rhqumsmtls, fhthrkmgbfl

fhthrkmgbfl fh biuhrfl b ab mkplrtbgimb hilgùkmib, pbrtmimpbimùg
fhgtrl fh als prlihsls y htbpb fha prlyhitl. Abs bitmvmfbfhs iabsmcmibfbs hg hsth gmvha, rhquhrmrâg
fha fhsbrrlaal fh als ilrrhsplgfmhgth
ilrrhsplgfmhgthss prlihfmkmhgtls fliukhgtbfls hsphiëcmils y fha fmshòl fh
clrkuabrmls pbrb rh`mstrbr su bpamibimùg.

-  Mgstbabimùg fh cbhgb y ibkpbkhgtls

-  Vrbsabfl fh phrslgba
-  Ylamimtuf fh phrkmsls (ilgstruiimùg, khfmlbknmhgth,
khfmlbknmhgth, kmgsba, hgtrh ltrls)
-  Fmshòl fh fliukhgtbimùg ghihsbrmb pbrb hohiuimùg fh prlyhitl (prlihfmkmhgtls,
prltlilals, rhihpimùg fh kbthrmbahs)
-  Ilgtrbtbimùg fh phrslgba iabvh
-  Fhklamimùg puhgth hxmsthgth
-  Mgstbabimùg puhgth prlvmslrml
-  Klfmcmibimùg b ibuih fh puhgth
-  Yukmgmstrl y trbsabfl fh kbthrmba

G´ Glknrh Ilfm`l Bprlnl Chijb ^hvmsmùg Fmstrmnuimùg

2 Mgstba
Mgstbabimùg
bimùg fh cbhgb y 8.243-2 Lcmimgb TBI
ibkpbkhgtls
2 Bphrturb, hxpaltbimùg y 8.>24-2 Lcmimgb TBI
bnbgflgl fh
hkprístmtls
2 Tabgtbs fh prlfuiimùg 8.:46-2 Lcmimgb TBI
fh kbthrmbahs
2 Nbrnbibgbs fh 8.328-2 Lcmimgb TBI
fhsb`uh
2 Fhsbrkh y/l 8.248-2 Lcmimgb TBI
Fhklamimùg fh Tuhgths
8
Hxmsthgths

2 Tuhgths Trlvmslrmls 8.248-2 Lcmimgb TBI

2 Kholrbkmhgt
Kholrbkmhgtll fh ibuih 8.>4:-9 Lcmimgb TBI
hg puhgths
2 Tmalths Trhhxibvbfl
Trhhxibvbflss 8.84=-2 Lcmimgb TBI
(Mg Ymtu)
 

2 Yukmgmstrl y trbgsplrth 8.840-2 Lcmimgb TBI

fh vm`bs khtâamibs y
brrmlstrbkmhgtls
2 Abgzbkmhgtl y 8.840-> Lcmimgb TBI
ilalibimùg fh vm`bs
khtâamibs y
brrmlstrbkmhgtls
2 Yukmgmstrl y ilalibimùg 8.82>-2 Lcmimgb TBI
fh Ougtbs
Habstlkírmibs hg
tbnahrls fh puhgths
2 Yukmgmstrl y ilalibimùg 8.826-2 Lcmimgb TBI
fh Tabibs fh Ghlprhgl

Gmvha >?

Ilgsmfhrb bitmvmfbfhs quh clrkbg pbrth fha prlihsl prlfuitmvl y prl`rbkbfl plr
ab hkprhsb, abs iubahs sh unmibg ug hsibabcùg kâs bnbol quh abs bitmvmfbfhs fha
pugtl bgthrmlr. Ruhfbg ibtbal`bfbs
ibtbal`bfbs hg hsth gmvha, ab kbylr pbrth fh abs bitmvmfbfhs fha Ilgtrbtl,
hg pbrtmiuabr abs bitmvmfbfhs
bit mvmfbfhs fh imhrtb mkplrtbgimb hilgùkmib, tíigmib l slimba quh plfrëbg `hghrbr
prlnahkbs plr fhcmimhgimbs quh bchithg su ibamfbf.

-  Mgstbabimùg shòbamzbimùg hg biihsls b puhgth

-  ^hpabgthll tlpl`râcmil
^hpabgth
-  Hxibvbimùg hg puhgth y hstruiturbs
-  Ilkpbitbimùg fh thrrhgl
-  Mgstbabimùg klafbohs
-  Bpamibimùg fh jlrkm`ùg
-  Mkphrkhbnmamzbimùg
Mkphrkhbn mamzbimùg fh kurls
-  Bpamibimùg fh pmgturb hg vm`bs y hstrmnls
-  Ilalibimùg fh nbrbgfb pbrb usl phbtlgba
 

G´ Glknrh Ilfm`l Bprlnl Chijb ^hvmsmùg Fmstrmnuimùg

> ^haahgl hstruiturba 8.>43-> Lcmimgb TBI
phrkhbnah

> Hxibv
Hxibvbimùg
bimùg b Kâqumgb 8.>4>-8 Lcmimgb TBI
hg Tuhgths y
Hstruiturbs
> Hxibvbimùg Fmrhitb ilg 8.>4>-0 Lcmimgb TBI
B`ltbkmhgtl hg
Tuhgths y
Hstruiturbs
> Klafbohs 8.846-2 Lcmimgb TBI

> Bihrl pbrb brkbfurbs 8.849-> Lcmimgb TBI

B39-6>J

> Jlrkm`ùg @-8 8.842-2 Lcmimgb TBI

> Jlrkm`ùg @-94/YK 8.842-2 Lcmimgb TBI

6
> Mkphrkhbnma
Mkphrkhbnmamzbimùg
mzbimùg fh 8..64>- Lcmimgb TBI
Kurls
>
> Klafbohs 8.846-2 Lcmimgb TBI

> Bihrl pbrb brkbfurbs 8.849-> Lcmimgb TBI

B39-6>J

> Jlrkm`ùg @-94/YK 8.842-2 Lcmimgb TBI

6
> Mkphrkhbnma
Mkphrkhbnmamzbimùg
mzbimùg fh 8.642>- Lcmimgb TBI
Vbnahrls
2
 

> Ibpb fh Jlrkm`ùg 8.622-> Lcmimgb TBI

pbrb Tuhgths

> Alsb fh Biihsl 8.828-2 Lcmimgb TBI

> Tmgturb
khtâamibsfhyvm`bs 8.822-2 Lcmimgb TBI
brrmlstrbkmhgtls
> Yukmgmstrl y ilalibimùg 8.024-> Lcmimgb TBI
fh Nbrbgfb Khtâamib
Thbtlgba
@bavbgmzbfb
> Yukmgmstrl y ilalibimùg 8.024-6 Lcmimgb TBI
fh Nbrrhrbs Kmxtbs

> Hxibvbimùg fh Hsibrph >.>42-2 Lcmimgb TBI

> Hxibv
Hxibvbimùg
bimùg fh ilrth hg 8.>42-9 Lcmimgb TBI
thrrhgl fh iubaqumhr
gbturbahzb
> Clrkbimùg y 8.>48-2 Lcmimgb TBI
ilkpbitbimùg fh
Vhrrbpahghs
> Trhpbrbim
Trhpbrbimùg
ùg fh ab 8.>4=-2 Lcmimgb TBI
sunrbsbgth

> Ibpbs `rbguabr fh 8.949-2 Lcmimgb TBI

rlfbfurb

> Ilgstruiimùg fh 8.329-2 Lcmimgb TBI

ibgbahs, clsls y
ilgtrbclsls smg rhvhstmr
> Nbrrhrbs khtâamibs 8.040-2 Lcmimgb TBI
smkpahs, fh flnah lgfb
 

> Yhòbamzbimùg vhrtmiba 8.04>-2 Lcmimgb TBI

abthrba fh fls plsths
n
> Nhamghbflrhs
Nhamghbflrhs vhrtmibahs 8.04>-8 Lcmimgb TBI
b

Gmvha 9?

Hsth gmvha gl mkpamib ug prl`rbkb fh biimlghs fliukhgtbfbs, smg hknbr`l, hxm`h ab bpamibimùg fh
glrkbs fh nuhgb prâitmib y ha iukpamkmhgtl fh abs hsphimcmibimlghs tíigmibs y ab glrkbtmvb
lnam`btlrmb. Ruhfbg
Ruhfbg hg hsth gmvha ttlfbs
lfbs abs bitmvmfbfhs gl mgiaumfbs hg gmg`ugl fh als fls gmvhahs
bgthrmlrhs.

-  ^htmrl fh shòbamzbimùg 
-  Fhsklvmamzbimùg fh mgstbabimùg fh cbhgb. 
-  Amkpmhzb fh ârhb 

G´ Glknrh Ilfm`l Bprlnl Chijb ^hvmsmùg Fmstrmnuimùg

9 ^hklimùg fh 8.242- Lcmimgb TBI
Yhòbamzbimùg Shrtmiba
:
Abthrba
 

Tlaëtmib fh Ibamfbf

‑IG^ ILGYV^XIVMLG‛ tmhgh mgth`rbfl hg su vmsmùg ug smsthkb fh @hstmùg fh Ibamfbf ( ha iuba hs

trbgsvhrsba b tlfb ab hkprhsb y als trbnbobfl
trbnbobflrhs)
rhs) , ilg ha cmg fh hstbnahihr, fhcmgmr abs ghihsmfbfhs y
hxphitbtmvbs fha iamhgth hg ha prlyhitl b rhbamzbr , ilg ha lnohtl fh ilgvhrtmrals hg rhqumsmtls fha
prlyhitl. Vlfl hstl ilg ha cmg ÿatmkl fh sbtmscbihr
sbtms cbihr y suphrbr abs hxphitbtmvbs fh ísth. Bsë ilkl
tbknmíg, mfhgtmcmibr y hstbnahihr hstâgfbrhs fh ibamfbf ùptmkls b cmg fh sbtmscbihr als rhqumsmtls fh
ibamfbf hxm`mfls plr ab glrkbtmvb ilrrhsplgfmhgth hg als fmstmgtls hgtrh`bn
hgtrh`bnahs
ahs fh ibfb prlyhit
prlyhitl.
l.
Vlfl hsth smsthkb fh @hstmùg fh Ibamfbf hstâ nbsbfl hg clkhgtbr ab kholrb ilgtmgub fh als
prlihsls khfmbgth ab mkpahkhgtbimùg
mkpahkhgtbimùg fha imial fh Fhkmg`. Bfhkâs hsth smsthkb
sms thkb sh ilgstmtuyh fh 9
prmgimpbahs nbshs pbrb su cugimlgbkmhg
cugimlgbkmhgtl?
tl?
Tabgmcmibr ab ibamfbf   ??

➮  Hstbnahihr y fhcmgmr abs ghihsmfbfhs y hxphitbtmvbs fha iamhgth hg tlrgl ba prlyhitl

➮
 Mfhgtmcmibr y hstbnahih
hstbnahihrr kítrmibs y hstâgfbrhs fh ibamfbf ùptmkl
ùptmklss
➮ Mfhgtmcmibr als rmhs`ls y lplrtug
lplrtugmfbfhs
mfbfhs fh ibfb prlyhitl

 Bsh`urbr ab ibamfbf   ??

➮  Bsh`urbr ha iukpamkhgtl fh als rhqumsmtls slamimtbfls plr ha iamhgth.

i amhgth.
➮  Ihrtmcmibr quh als fmstmgtls prlihsls iukpahg
i ukpahg als hstâgfbrhs
hstâgfbrhs fh ibamfbf hstbnahimfls hg ha pabg fh
`hstmùg fh ab ibamfbf.
Ilgtrlabr ab ibamfbf ?

➮  Ilgtrlabr ab ibamfbf fh als prlihsls y prlfuitls bslimbfls.

➮  ^hbamzbr sh`umkmhgtl ilgtmgul fh abs bitmvmfbfhs.
➮  Ilrrlnlrbr ab ilgclrkmfbf fh als ibknmls mkpahkhgtbfl
mkpahkhgtbflss b al abr`l fha prlyhitl.
 

LNOHVMSLY FH AB LN^B
Fhcmgmimùg ^hpbrbimùg fh Tuhgth? Mgthrvhgimùg kbylr iuyl lnohtmvl hs rhstmtumr y/l kholrbr abs
ilgfmimlghs fh shrvmimbnmamfbf, auh`l fh vhrmcmibfl ug fbòl hvmfhgth.

Ha prhshgth prlyhitl fhglkmgbfl ‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb V -3:8‛ ilgthkpab ab
hohiuimùg fh lnrbs fh rhplsmimùg fha puhgth Als Hsthrls > unmibfl hgtrh ha ek 22.9=>, :4 y ek
22.66>,:3 fh ab rutb V-3:8.

Ymtubimùg Bituba?
Alg`mtuf 64,84 kts.
@bnmafl? 2,93 kts.
Mgcrbhstruiturb? Hstrmnls y ihpb fh jlrkm`ùg.
Yuphrhstruiturb fh kbfhrb,
kbfhrb, prhshgtb pbsmaals fh 4,64 kts., y nbrbgfbs fh 4,00 kts., fh baturb.
Biihsl hg rhitb, ilgclrkbfls plr kbthrmba `rbguabr.
Bgijl fh tbnahrl 6,84 kts.,
 

Ymtubimùg Trlyhitbfb?
Tuhgth fh tmplal`ëb Fhcmgmtmvb ilg ug abr`l fh 84,44 khtrls. - Mgcrbhstruiturb ilgclrkbf
ilgclrkbfbb plr hstrmnls
fh Jlrkm`ùg Brkbfl ilg Tmalths Trhhxibvbfls.
Yuphrhstruiturb fh Alsb fh Jlrkm`ùg Brkbfl fh bgijl fh ibazbfb :,44 kts, y pbsmaals plr ug abfl5
slnrh 9 vm`bs khtâamibs fh 84 khtrls fh alg`mtuf.
Bfhkâs, sh ilgsuatb lnrbs fh biihsl tbahs ilkl Hxibvbimlghs y Vhrrbpahghs, Ibpb fh ^lfbfurb,
Ilgstruiimùg fh clsls y ilgtrbclsls, Nbrrhrbs Khtâamibs fh flnah lgfb, Yhòbahs Shrtmibahs Abthrbahs,
tlfl ilg ab cmgbamfbf fh kholrbr ab sh`urmfbf vmba fh ab rutb.

TABGL XNMIBIMÙG
T^L]HIVL? ^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, ^XVB V-3:8
ILKXGB? AB XGMÙG 

T^LSMGIM B?
T^LSMGIMB? FHA ^BGIL
^H@MÙG? FH ALY ^ËLY
LNYH^SBIMLGHY?
LNYH^SBIMLG HY? TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY > EK. 22.9=>, ^XVB V-3:8
ILL^FHGBFBY 2: @? 3:0=9: -8868096

MKB@HG @LL@AH HB^VJ >4>2

 

Glrkbtmvbs Bpamibnahs

Hs kuy mkplrtbgth quh ab lnrb iuhgth ilg tlfb ab fliukhgtbimùg rhchrmfb b abs glrkbtmvbs
bpamibnahs ba prlyhitl. Hstb fhnh hstbr hg clrkbtl cësmil
cësmi l y/l fm`mtba y quh smhkprh sh hgiuhgtrh
fmsplgmnah pbrb qumhg ab rhqumhrb.

Hstls fliukhgtls slg ilgtrlabfls y fhnhrâg hstbr fmsplgmnahs pbrb ha usl phrkbghgth fha phrslgba
tíigmil fh ab lnrb.
GLVB? Als fliukhgtls puhfhg shr ilgsuatbfls y sh s h fhnhg fhvlavhr ba brijmvl fh ab LCMIMGB TBI.
Cmgbamzbfb ab lnrb fhnhg shr rhkmtmfls b Lcmimgb ihgtrba. Hsth amstbfl
a mstbfl fh glrkbtmvbs vm`hgths y
fliukhgtls
fliukhg tls hxthrgls, sh kbgthgfrâ bitubamzbfl smg ghihsmfbf fh klfmcmibr ha prhshgth pabg. Tbrb
hsth hchitl, ha Hgibr`bf
Hgibr`bfll fh Ibamfbf punamibrâ ha amstbfl vm`hgth ibfb vhz quh sh prlfuzib ba`ÿg
ibknml hg ab glrkbtmvb l sh mgilrplrhg guhvls fliukhgtls hxthrgls.
Abs glrkbtmvbs quh usbrhkls pbrb rhbamzbr guhstrl prlyhitl shrâg?

Glknrh fha Fliukhgtl Sm`hgimb

Bgthihfhgths fh Amimtbimùg
Bgthihfhgths >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. > >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. 9 >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. 6 >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. 8 >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. 3 >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. 0 >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. : >4>2
Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs Sla. = >4>2
Kbguba
(Yhòbahsfhvhrtmibahs)
shòbamzbimùg fh trâgsmtl, Ibpmtual > >444
Kbguba fh shòbamzbimùg fh trâgsmtl, Ibpmtual 9 >442
(Fhkbribimlghs)
Kbguba fh shòbamzbimùg fh trâgsmtl, Ibpmtual 8 >44>
(Khfmfbs fh Yh`urmfbf pbrb trbnbols
trbnbols hg ab vvëb)
ëb)
^h`abkhgtl
^h`abkhg tl pbrb ilgtrbtls fh Lnrbs Tÿnamibs >446
GIj 960 Lc.== (Glrkb Ijmahgb) 2===
GIj 96= Lc.== 2===
GIj 984 Lc.>444 >444
GIj 982/2 Lc.>444 >444
GIj 982/> Lc.>444 >444
GIj 9:9 Lc.88 2=88
GIj 9:6 Lc.88 2=88
 

GIj 9:8 Lc.88 2=88

GIj 9:0 Lc. 88 2=88
GIj 9=> Lc.34 2=34
GIj 632 Lc. 00 2=00
GIj 632/>442 >444
GIj ==: Lc.== 2===
GIj 2622/2 Lc.0: 2=0:
GIj 2622/> Lc.0: 2=0:
GIj 2622/9 Lc.0: 2=0:
GIj 2622/6 Lc.0: 2=0:
GIj >:6: Lc.>448 >448
GIj HAHI 6/>449 >449
GIj HAHI 2>/:0 2=:0
G YH@VHA 8 2=02
G YH@VHA 3 2=02
G YH@VHA 26 2=03
G YH@VHA 28 2=0:
G YH@VHA >4 2=0:
G YH@VHA >2 2=0:
GIj ’ MYL =442?>4
=442?>428
28 (MGG)
Yhrmhs GIj ’ MYL 26444 >449
Yhrmhs GIj ’ MYL 2=422 >449
Yhrmhs GIj ’ MYL 26422 >449
GIj 2:444 >446
GIj 2:442 >440
GIj 2:44> >446
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´9 2=:8
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´2: 2=:>
GIj 204 >423

Glknrh fha Fliukhgtl Sm`hgimb

Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´64 2=3=

Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´ 86 2=3=
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´30 2===
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´ 0> 2=:8
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´00 2=:>
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´ =8 2==8
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´ 242 2=3:
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´ 8=6 2===
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´0>8 2=30
Fhirhtl Yuprhkl G´=00 >443
 

Ahy 23.066 Biimfhgths y Hgchrkhfbfhs 2=3:

Trlchsmlgbahs
Ahy 20.0=: Ilgtrla fh Brkbs y Hxpalsmvls 2=:0
Ahy 2:.>=4 fha Vrâgsmtl >443
Ahy >4.620 YHMB (YH^SMIML FH HSBAXBIMÙG >42>
BKNMHGVBA ] YXTH^MGVHGFHGIMB FHA
KHFML BKNMHGVH)
Ahy 2=.944 Nbshs fha Khfml Bknmhgth 2==6
Ahy >4.2>9 fh Yunilgtrbtbimùg >443
Iùfm`l fha Vrbnbol >429
Lrfhgbgzb `hghrba fh Xrnbgmskl >44=

Ibrtb @bgtt
 

Lr`bgm`rbkb

^hsplgsbnmamfbfhs fh Ibr`l
@hrhgimb
◌  Hkmtmr ab Tlaëtmib y hstbnahihr als lnohtmvls hstrbtí`mils fh ab hkprhsb hg Ybauf y Yh`urmfbf
Liupbimlgba.
◌  Amfhrbr ilkprlkhtmhgfl b als Trlchsmlgbahs ^hsmfhgths y Ohchs fh ârhb hg als pabghs fh
biimùg hg kbthrmb fh Ybauf y Yh`urmfbf Liupbimlgba.
Liupbimlgba.
◌  Bsm`gbr als rhiursls hilgùkmils, jukbgls y kbthrmbahs ghihsbrmls pbrb ab ilrrhitb
mkpahkhgtbimùg
mkpahkhg tbimùg fh ab `hstmùg hg YYL.
◌  Hvbaubr ha fhshkphòl y hstbnahihr biimlghs pbrb ha kholrbkmhgtl ilgtmgul fha smsthkb fh
`hstmùg y ha al`rl fh sus lnohtmvls.
 

Trlchsmlgba ^hsmfhgth
◌  Ilkugmibr y prlklvhr ab plaëtmib fh prhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls y khfmlbknmhgth fh ab hkprhsb,
 ougtl ilg bfkmgmstrbr y amfhrbr ha prl`rbkb fh prhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls fh ab lnrb, tlkbgfl abs
khfmfbss ghihsbrmbs pbrb ha iukpamkmhgtl fh als hstâgfbrhs hstbnahimfls.
khfmfb
◌  Bsm`gbr rhiursls ghihsbrmls pbrb iukpamr ha Tabg
◌  Amfhrbr, kltmvbr, fmrm`mr, bplybr y ilabnlrbr hg abs bitmvmfbfhs y `hstmùg fh Trhvhgimùg fh

◌ 
^mhs`ls
Fbr fh ab lnrb.
b ilglihr y jbihr iukpamr b als ohchs fh ârhbs, suphrvmslrhs y ibpbtbihs abs
rhsplgsbnmamfbfhs
rhsplgsbnmamf bfhs hstbnahimfbs hg ha pabg.
◌  Bprlnbr y hxm`mr ha iukpamkmhgtl fh ab aëghb fh kbgfl fh ab lnrb abs rhilkhgfbimlghs fbfbs
plr ha Ohch fha Fptl. fh Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls, Hxphrtl lnrb, Ilkmtí Tbrmtbrml, Bshslr Kutuba
fh Yh`urmfbf.
◌  Ilgtrlabr y hxm`mr b als prhstbflrhs fh shrvmimls su
s u bcmambimùg b ba`ÿg Lr`bgmskl Bfkmgmstrbflr
Bfkmgmstrbflr
fha Yh`url, ilpmbs fh ilgtrbtl fh trbnbol, hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba y rh`abkhgtl
Mgthrgl fh lrfhg Jm`mhgh y Yh`urmfbf
Yh`urmfbf..
◌  Bgbamzbr, rhvmsbr y bprlnbr abs mgvhstm`bimlghs fh biimfhgths l mgimfhgths.
◌  Hvbaubr khgsubakhgth
khgsubakhgth ha prl`rbkb hg ilgougtl ilg ha hxphrtl hg lnrb y ha Ohch fha Fptl. fh
prhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls y Khfmlbk
Khfmlbknmhgth.
nmhgth.
◌  Hchitubr mgsphiimlghs pabghbfbs fh sh`urmfbf slal l hg ilgougtl ilg ha hxphrtl hg
Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls fh ab Lnrb.

Lnrb 
Hgibr`bfl fh Ibamfbf fh Lnrb 
◌  Mkpahkhg
Mkpahkhgtbr
tbr ha Ymst
Ymsthkb
hkb fh @hstmùg fh Ibamfbf hg ab lnrb.
◌  Bshslrbr ba phrslgba fh lnrb ilg rhsphitl ba Ymsthkb fh @hstmùg y Ibamfbf mkpahkhgtbf
mkpahkhgtbfll hg
lnrb.
◌  @hghrbr ug bknmhgth fh ibamfbf b trbvís fh prlpb`bgfb, bcmijhs fh ibamfbf y Fmbrmls Kurba
hg ab lnrb
◌  Ibpbimtbr ba hqumpl fh lnrb y sunilgtrbtls iubgfl sh rhqumhrb
◌  @hghrbr y Ilgtrlabr ha Tabg fh ibamfbf fh ab lnrb fh biuhrfl b als amghbkmhgtls fha @@ ba
mgmiml y iubgfl ilrrhsplgfb rhbamzbr guhvbs rhvmsmlghs.
◌  Yuphrvmsbr hg lnrb ha iukpamkmhgtl fha Tabg fh Ibamfbf fh ab Lnrb
◌  Hgtrh`br Trlihfmkmhgtls h mgstruitmvls y amstbs fh ijhquhl ghihsbrmbs pbrb als prlihsls y
ilgtrla fh ibamfbf fh ab lnrb, b Ohch fh Vhrrhgl pbrb su bfbptbimùg fh biuhrfl b als
rhquhrmkmhgtls
rhquhrmkmhg tls fh HHVV, pabgls, hti.
◌  Bplybr ab rhbamzbimùg, mkpahkhgtbimùg
mkpahkhgtbimùg y ilgtrla fh als Trlihfmkmhgtls,
Mgstruitmvls y amstbs fh ijhquhl fh Lnrb hsphiëcmils.
◌  Ilgtrlabr, rhvmsbr y bufmtbr als prlihfmkmhgtls fh trbnbol.
◌  Bplybr ba phrslgba pbrb ab bpamibimùg fh abs biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs, prhvhgtmvbs y fh kholrb
ilgtmgub.
◌  Bsmstmr y/l hohiutbr bufmtlrëbs mgthrgbs pbrb ha ilgtrla fha prl`rbkb fh ibamfbf fh ab lnrb.
  Ilgtrla fhafhiukpamkmhgtl
ibamfbf. fh Hgiuhstb fh Ybtmscbiimùg ba iamhgth, fh biuhrfl b al Hstbnahimfl
◌

hg ha pabg
 

◌  Bplybr hg ab `hghrbimùg fha Tabg fh Ibpbimtbimùg fh ab lnrb plr abs fmstmgtbs htbpbs
ilgstruitmvbs fha prlyhitl, ghihsmfbfhs fh ab lnrb y fh biuhrfl b als bamghbkmhgtls fha
fhpbrtbkhgtl
fhpbrtbkhg tl fh @hstmùg y Ibamfbf fh Hkprhsb.
◌  Ilgtrlabr quh sh iukpab ha Tabg fh Ibpbimtbimùg fh Lnrb
◌  Ilgtrlabr quh ha mgclrkh khgsuba fh abs Gl Ilgclrkmfbfhs fh lnrb hstí fh biuhrfl b Ytbtus
hgvmbfl plr Lcmimgb Víigmib.
◌  ^hvmsmùg fh Ytbtus fh Amstbs fh Ijhquhl fh Lnrb y bgâamsms pbrb bplybr ha kholrbkmhgtl
ilgtmgul fh su rhbamzbimùg. (iubgfl ilrrhsplgfb)
◌  Bsmstmr b rhugmlghs fha Fhpbrtbkhgtl fh @hstmùg y Ibamfbf fh Hkprhsb iubgfl sh rhqumhrh.
◌  Habnlrbr y hgtrh`br mgclrkh fh Bgâamsms fh hgtrh`b fh Lnrb @ruhsb b
Vhrkmgbimlghs
Vhrkmgb imlghs @ruhsbs. (s
(sh`ÿg
h`ÿg ghihsmfbfhs fha prl`rbkb fh kbgthgimùg)
◌  Habnlrbr y hgtrh`br Mgclrkh fh Bgâamsms fh Vhrkmgbimlghs
Vhrkmgbimlghs @ruhsbs b
◌  Shabr plr ha iukpamkmhgtl y ilglimkmhgtl fh als prlihfmkmhgtls ilrplrbtmvls, b trbvís fh
bufmtlrëbs Mgthrgbs fh Lnrb.
◌  Mfhgtmcmibr bsphitls b kholrbr hg ab lnrb
◌  @hstmlgbr ilg als rhsplgsbnahs ha l als pabghs fh biimùg
◌  Yh`umkmhgtl
Yh`umkmh gtl b abs khfmfbs mkpahkhgtbfbs
◌  Yuphrvmsbr ha iukpamkmhgtl fha aahgbfl y bitubamzbimùg fh tlfls als rh`mstrls mgfmibfls hg ha
Tabg fh Ibamfbf fh Lnrb.

Ohch fh Vhrrhgl
◌  Hchitubr y rh`mstrbr mgsphiimlghs pabghbfbs Bknmhgtbahs y fh sh`urmfbf shkbgbakhgth
shkbgbakhgth..
◌  Mkpbrtmr mgstruiimùg fmbrmb slnrh kítlfls fh trbnbol y prlihfmkmhgtls fh trbnbol ilrrhitl.
◌  Tbrtmimpbr hg ab mgvhstm`bimùg fh biimfhgths.
◌  Shrmcmibr ha iukpamkmhgtl fh abs khfmfbs ilrrhitmvbs prlpuhstbs plr als ibpbtbihs hg ha
bgâamsms fh biimfhgth.
◌  Ilgtrlabr ha iukpamkmhgtl fh abs khfmfbs fh sh`urmfbf plr pbrth fh als prhstbflrhs fh
shrvmimls.
◌  Ilgtrlabr hg thrrhgl abs lphrbimlghs fh hohiuimùg hxm`mhgfl ha rhsphtl ba khfmlbknmhgth plr
pbrth fh tlfl ha phrslgba fh ab lnrb.

Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls

◌  Bfkmgmstrbr Tabg fh Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls quh ilgthkpab abs biimlghs ghihsbrmbs pbrb ha
ilgtrla fh biimfhgths fha trbnbol y hgchrkhfbfhs prlchsmlgbahs.
◌  Mfhgtmcmibr, hvbaubr y ilgtrlabr als rmhs`ls hxmsthgths hg ârhbs fh trbnbol, khfmbgth
mgsphiimlghs fmbrmbs, mgfmibgfl abs khfmfbs prhvhgtmvbs quh fhnh bflptbr ab ohcbturb b ibr`l
fha ârhb, mgclrkbgfl fh jhijls rhahvbgths ba Trlchsmlgba ^hsmfhgth.
◌  Ilgtrlabr y hkmtmr abs FMBV hg ibsl fh Biimfhgths fha trbnbol hg ab lnrb.
◌  Hchitubr biimlghs hfuibtmvbs fh prhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls y prlklvhr ha bfmhstrbkmhgtl fh als
trbnbobflrhss y suphrvmsmùg.
trbnbobflrh
◌  Aahvbr bitubamzbfl ha rh`mstrl hstbfëstmil fh biimfhgths y hgchrkhf
hgchrkhfbfhs
bfhs prlchsmlgbahs.
 

◌  Shabr plr ha nuhg usl y iumfbfl fh als hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba.

◌  Hvbaubr khgsubakhgth
khgsubakhgth ha iiukpamkmhgtl
ukpamkmhgtl fha prl`rbkb hg ilgougtl ilg ha
Trlchsmlgbaa ^hsmfhgth y Ohch fha Fptl. fh Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls.
Trlchsmlgb
◌  Bshslrbr ba Trlchsmlgba ^hsmfhgth hg ha iukpamkmhg
i ukpamkmhgtl
tl fh tlfbs abs fmsplsmimlghs ah`bahs slnrh
biimfhgths abnlrbahs y hgchrkhfbfhs
hgchrkhfbfhs prlchsmlgbahs.
◌  Illrfmgbr ab ilgstmtuimùg y bshslrbr ba Ilkmtí Tbrmtbrml fh lrfhg Jm`mhgh y Yh`urmfbf hg su
cugimlgbkmhgtl,
cugimlgbkmhg tl, sh`ÿg al hstbnahih ab Ahy 23.066 Vmtual SMM Brt.33 Fhirhtl G´ 86.
◌  Illrfmgbr iursls fh ibpbimtbimùg pbrb ha phrslgba ilg Kutuba
fh
Yh`urmfbf.
◌  Tbrtmimpbr hg mgsphiimlghs `hghrbahs ilg ha Ilkmtí Tbrmtbrml y hchitubr ug sh`umkmhgtl fh abs
rhilkhgfbimlghs
rhilkhgfb imlghs hgtrh`bfbs, vhrmcmibgfl ha iukpamkmhgtl pbrb shr mgclrkbfbs hg rhugmlgh
rhugmlghss
khgsubahs.
◌  Illrfmgbr abs ghihsmfbfhs fh hxâkhghs liupbimlgbahs.
◌  Hchitubr ilgtrla fh abs khfmfbs fh sh`urmfbf y hgtrh`b fh als hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg
phrslgba b tlfls als prhstbflrhs fh shrvmimls quh abnlrhg hg ab lnrb.
◌  Ilgtrlabr y vhrmcmibr ab hgtrh`b fha ^h`abkhgtl Mgthrgl fh jm`mhgh y sh`urmfbf b tlfl ha

phrslgba fh ab lnrb.
Hgibr`bfl Bknmhgtba
Hgibr`bfl
◌  Shabr plr ha iukpamkmhgtl y ilglimkmhgtl fh als prlihfmkmhgtls fh Khfml Bknmhgth hg
thrrhgl.
◌  Habnlrbr, kbgthghr, fmstr mnumr
mnumr y ilgtrlabr ha Tabg Khfml Bknmhgth fh ab Lnrb. ◌   Ibpbimtbr ba
phrslgba fh thrrhgl rhsphitl fh Khfml Bknmhgth fh ab Lnrb.
◌  Bshslrbr hg ha bsphitl fh Khfml Bknmhgth pbrb ab hohiuimùg fh prlihfmkmhgtls
prlihfmkmhgtls fh trbnbol.
◌  Mgclrkbr khgsubakhgth
khgsubakhgth ha fhsbrrlaal y als ëgfmihs baibgzbfls, ba Ohch fh Khfml Bknmhgth fh
ab hkprhsb.
◌  Habnlrbr y hgtrh`br ug mgclrkh cmgba ba Ohch fh Khfml Bknmhgth fh su ârhb, ba tírkmgl fh ab
lnrb.
Yuphrvmslrhs? Ohch fh abnlrbtlrml, Ohch fh tlpl`rbcëb y Ibpbtbihs 
Ibpbtbihs  
◌  Mkpbrtmr mgstruiimùg shkbgba (ijbrab fh sh`urmfbf) mgfmibgfl ab clrkb ilrrhitb fh jbihr ha
trbnbol, mfhgtmcmibgfl als rmhs`ls quh hsth mgvlauirb y abs khfmfbs fh sh`urmfbf pbrb hvmtbr
biimfhgths h mgimfhgths.
◌  Hchitubr mgsphiimlghs pabghbfbs shkbgbahs pbrb mfhgtmcmibr rmhs`ls hxmsthgths hg su crhgth
fh trbnbol.
◌  Trlklvhr bitmtufhs y prâitmibs fh trbnbol sh`url y bknmhgtbakhg
bknmhgtbakhgth
th amkpml, pbrtmimpbgfl hg ab
mgvhstm`bimùg fh biimfhgths h mgimfhgths.
◌  Thrchiimlgbrsh hg kbthrmbs fh prhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls y bknmhgtbahs pbrtmimpbgfl hg iursls
quh sh prl`rbkhg hg ab lnrb.
◌  Hxm`mr usl y iumfbfl
i umfbfl fh als hahkhg
hahkhgtls
tls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba
(H.T.T) fha phrslgba b su ibr`l
 

◌  Shrmcmibr bgths fha mgmiml fh ab olrgbfb abs ilgfmimlghs bknmhgtbahs y fh sh`urmfbf fh abs ârhbs
fh trbnbol y slauimlgbr
s lauimlgbr iubaqumhr bglkbaëb fhthitbfb.
◌  Shrmcmibr fmbrmbkhgth bgths fha tírkmgl fh ab olrgbfb quh abs ârhbs fh trbnbol quhfhg amkpmbs
y lrfhgbfbs.
◌  Iukpamr abs rhilkhgfbimlghs hgtrh`bfbs
hgtrh`bfbs plr ha Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh
^mhs`ls fh ab lnrb y ha Ilkmtí Tbrmtbrml.

Bfkmgmstrbtmvl y Hgibr`bfl fh Ilstls

◌  Ilgtrlabr quh tlfls als trbnbobflrhs quh prhsthg shrvmiml b ab lnrb, thg`bg su ilgtrbtl fh
trbnbol cmrkbfl y vm`hgth.
◌  Hgtrh`br rh`abkhgtl
rh`abkhgtl mgthrgl b tlfl ha phrslgba guhvl quh mg`rhsh b ab lnrb.
◌  Tunamibr als thaíclgls fh ur`hgimb hg au`brhs vmsmnahs fh ab lnrb.
◌  Kbgthghr amstbfl bitubamzbfl fh sunilgtrbtmstbs y prhstbflrhs fh shrvmiml, amstbfl fha phrslgba
quh kbgtmhghg hg lnrb, ihrtmcmibfl fh bcmambimùg fh ab kutubamfbf quh ilrrhsplgfb, ilpmb fh
ilgtrbtl fh sunilgtrbtl l shrvmiml, chijb
c hijb fh mgmiml y tírkmgl fha trbnbol hsphiëcmil, glknrh fha
hgibr`bfl fh y ilgtbitl hg ibsl fh hkhr`hgimb.
◌  Hgvmbr ibrtb fh bklghstbimùg b als trbnbobflrhs h mgclrkbr b ab Mgsphiimùg fha Vrbnbol abs
sbgimlghs mkpuhstbs b ibusb mgiukpamkmhgtl fha rh`abkhgtl mgthrgl, mgstruiimlghs fh
Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls y gh`am`hgimb mghxiusbnah hg biimfhgth fh trbnbol fhthrkmgbfb plr ha
Ilkmtí Tbrmtbrml.
◌  ^hbamzbr ijbrabs fh mgfuiimùg b Jlknrh Guhvl, hg bushgimb fha Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh
^mhs`ls fh ab lnrb.

Hgibr`bfl fh Nlfh`b
◌  ^h`mstrbr ab hgtrh`b fh als hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba hg ha rh`mstrl fh ibr`l fh ibfb
trbnbobflr.
◌  Mgsphiimlgbr als hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba, hqumpls khglrhs, biihslrmls fh ahvbgth
y jhrrbkmhgtbs quh hgtrh`uh b ibr`l, vhrmcmibgfl su nuhg hstbfl, slamimtbgfl ibknml,
rhplsmimùg u nbob sm sh hgiuhgtrbg hg kba hstbfl, mgclrkbgfl ba Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh
^mhs`ls fh ab lnrb.
◌  Mgsphiimlgbr khgsubakhgth als hxtmgtlrhs vhrmcmibgfl ibr`b y vm`hgimb, hg ibsl fh
vhgimkmhgtl l fhthrmlrl pbrb rhpbrbimùg l ibknml, mgclrkbgfl ba Hxphrtl hg Trhvhgimùg fh
^mhs`ls fh ab lnrb.
◌  Kbgthghr abs Jlobs fh Yh`urmfbf fh als prlfuitls quëkmils y pham`rlsls.
◌  Mfhgtmcmibr als prlfuitls tùxmils h mgcabkbnahs ilg ab shòbaítmib
s hòbaítmib bfh
bfhiubfb.
iubfb.
◌  Kbgthghr ha lrfhg y bshl fha ârhb fh ab nlfh`b, shitlrhs fh bilpml fh kbthrmbahs, shitlr
hqumpls khglrhs y bilpml thkplrba rhsmfuls mgfustrmbahs.
◌  Illrfmgbr ha rhtmrl fh rhsmfuls flkístmils h mgfustrmbahs, mgclrkbgfl ba hxphrtl hg lnrb
iubgfl sh rhqumhrb ha rhtmrl fh hstls.
 

Vrbnbobflrhs
◌  Iukpamr ilg al hstbnahimfl hg ha rh`abkhgtl mgthrgl, glrkbs fh sh`urmfbf h mgstruiimlghs
mgst ruiimlghs fh
trbnbol sh`url fh Iubtrl Bshs Y.B. y fha iamhgth, thgfmhgths b vhabr plr ab sh`urmfbf fh als
trbnbobflrhss y hvmtbr fbòl b ab prlpmhfbf.
trbnbobflrh
◌  Mgclrkbr b su ohch fmrhitl fh tlfbs abs biimlghs y ilgfmimlghs mgsh`urbs quh fhthith hg ab
Lnrb.
◌
  Xsbr, iumfbr y kbgthghr hg nuhg hstbfl als hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg phrslgba quh ahs slg
bsm`gbfls.
◌  Mgclrkbr mgkhfmbtbkhgth
mgkhfmbtbkhgth ba ohch fmrhitl iubaqumhr
i ubaqumhr biimfhgth l mgimfhgth ilg ahsmùg y/l fbòl b
ab prlpmhfbf, illphrbgfl hg su mgvhstm`bimùg.
◌  ^hsphtbr ha khfml bknmhgth, kbgthghr als au`brhs fh trbnbol, ibkpbkhgtls y lcmilcmimgbs
mgbs amkpmbs
y lrfhgbfbs.
◌  Gl ilgtbkmgbr jbimhgfl ha usl fh als fhpùsmtls jbnmamtbfls pbrb ha kbghol fh rhsmfuls hg
clrkb iabsmcmibfb.

Yunilgtrbtmstbs y Trhstbflrhs fh Yhrvmiml 

Yunilgtrbtmstbs Yhrvmiml  
◌  Iukpamkmhg
Iukpamkmhgtl
tl b iibnbamfbf
bnbamfbf fha prhshgth Tabg fh Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls fh Lnrb.
◌  Iukpamkmhgtl fh abs Fmsplsmimlghs Ah`bahs ahy 23.066, Ahy >4.2>9, sus klfmcmibimlghs,
Fhirhtls y Glrkbtmvb fh ab Hkprhsb Ilgstruitlrb Iubtrl Bshs Y.B.
◌  Iukpamkmhgtl
Iukpamkmhg tl fh abs mgstruiimlghs mkpbrtmfbs hg ab lnrb plr ab aëghb fh suphrvmsmùg.
◌  Fltbr b tlfl su phrslgba fh hahkhgtls fh prlthiimùg bfhiubfls ba trbnbol b fhsbrrlaabr.
◌  Iukpamkmhgtl
Iukpamkmhg tl fh tlfb ab ah`msabimùg abnlrba vm`hgth, hgthrbr abs iltmzbimlghs
iltmz bimlghs
◌  prhvmsmlgbahs fh tlfl su phrslgba y iukpamr abs fmsplsmimlghs fha rh`abkhgtl mgthrgl fh
Jm`mhgh, Lrfhg y Yh`urmfbf fh Iubtrl Bshs Y.B. y su kbgfbgth.
 

Trlihfmkmhgtls fh @hstmùg

Gl ilgclrkmfbfhs?
ilgclrkmfbfhs? Als mgiukpamkmhgtls b als rhqumsmtls hsphimcmibfls pbrb ha prlfuitl y fhthitbfls
furbgth ha prlihsl ilgstruitmvl sh rh`mstrbg y sh fmsplgh fh ab gl ilgclrkmfbf pbrb hvmtbr prlnahkbs
kbylrhs hg htbpbs suihsmvbs fha prlihsl. Abs bitmvmfbfhs ghihsbrmbs pbrb ha ilgtrla y trbtbkmhgtl
fh prlfuitls yhstbnahimfl
Ilgclrkmfbf‛ kbthrmbahs plr
gl ilgclrkh
ilgclrkhs
abs nbshss fh
sh amimtbimùg
ah jbrâ
jbrâ sh`umkmhgtl
fha [Link]
  biuhrfl ba ‑Mgclrkh fh Gl

Abs gl ilgclrkmfbfhs sh iabsmcmibg, sh`ÿg ha `rbfl fh mkplrtbgimb?

  Abs gl ilgclrkmfbfhs ‑irëtmibs‛? Yh rhqumhrh ab mkpa hkhgtbimù

hkhgtbimùgg fh biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs pbrb
hamkmgbr abs ibusbs quh prlfuihg ab gl ilgclrkmfbf.
  Abs gl ilgclrkmfbfhs ‑kbylrhs‛? Yh mkpahkhgtbg biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs fhphgfmhgfl fh ab
kb`gmtuf, rhiurrhgimb h mkplrtbgimb fh als mgiukpamkmhgtls pbrb ha prlfuitl.
kb`gmtuf,
  Abs gl ilgclrkmfbfhs ‑khglrhs‛? hs fh rhpbrbimùg mgkhfmbtb y quh sh fhnhg fh m`uba clrkb

ilkpahtbr hg ha mgclrkh.

Biimlghs Ilrrhitmvbs

Ab Biimùg Ilrrhitmvb sh `hghrb pbrb hamkmgbr ugb ibusb rhba b pbrtmr fh ugb Gl ilgclrkmfbf .

Yh fliukhgtbrâ y ilgtrlabrâ abs biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs quh `brbgtmzbg ab gl rhphtmimùg fh gl

ilgclrkmfbfhs
ilgclr kmfbfhs rhbahs y plthgimbahs fhthitbfbs b trbvís fh? Bufmtlrëbs mgthrgbs hg abs lnrbs,
rhiabkls fh iamhgths, prlfuitls gl ilgclrkhs, b trbvís fh clrkuabrmls.

Ha prlihsl fh abs biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs

i lrrhitmvbs quh sh bflpthg pbrb hamkmgbr abs ibusbs fh abs gl
ilgclrkmfbfhs,
ilgclrkmfbfh s, sh rhbamzbg ilg ha lnohtl fh prhvhgmr su rhiurrhgimb. Hstbs biimlghs bpamibfbs shrâg
fh ugb kbghrb bprlpmbfb pbrb ilrrh`mr als hchitls fh abs gl ilgclrkmfbfh
ilgclrkmfbfhss hgilgtrbfbs, tbahs
ilkl5 ugb ilrrhiimùg mgkhfmbtb l ugb biimùg ilrrhitmvb quh hamkmgbrëb ab gl ilgclrkmfbf fh rbëz.

Ab Biimùg Trhvhgtmvb

Yh `hghrb pbrb hamkmgbr ugb ibusb plthgimba fh guhvbs Gl ilgclrkmfbfhs.

Guhstrb hkprhsb ilgstruitlrb fhnh bflptbr khfmfbs prhvhgtmvbs quh, prmgimpbakhg

prmgimpbakhgth,
th, nusibg
kmgmkmzbr y hvmtbr biimlghs quh sh fhsbrrlaahg ilkl gl ilgclrkmfbfhs,
ilgclrkmfbfhs, tbahs iilkl5
lkl5 rhvmsmùg
 

ilgstbgth fh fhsbrrlaal
fhsbrrlaal y hohiuimùg fh prlihf
prlihfmkmhgtls
mkmhgtls fh trbnbol, rhbamzbr sh`umkmhgtl b rhsuatbfls y
bplyl ilg ab fmcusmùg fh mgclrkbimùg phrthghimhgth b ab lnrb.

^h`mstrls fh Ibamfbf

Ylg clrkuabrmls hg als quh sh rhil`h ab clrkb hg quh sh jbg rhbamzbfl abs bitmvmfbfhs y quh
`hghrbg hvmfhgimb
hvmfhgimb lnohtmvb fh ab `hstmùg fh iibamfbf.
bamfbf.
Hs guhstrb rhsplgsbnmamfbf `hghrbr
`hghrbr clrkbtls fh rh`mstrls furbgth ha tmhkpl hg quh sh fhsbrrlaah ha
prlyhitl. Als clrkbtls fhnhg hsphimcmibr pugtls fh mgclrkbimùg quh al`rhg fhsirmnmr ha prlihsl
ilgstruitmvl y ilgcmrkbr sm als fbtls slg als shòbabfls hg abs hsphimcmibimlghs fha ilgtrbtl
i lgtrbtl amimtbfl. 

Ilgtrla fliukhgtba

Ab fliukhgtbimùg quh clrkb pbrth ha Tabg fh Bsh`urbkmhgtl

Bsh`urbkmhgtl fh Ibamfbf fh IG^ Ilgstruitmlg, sh
ilgtrlab fh biuhrfl b als irmthrmls hstbnahimfls hg ha Trlihfmkmhgtl Ilgtrla fh Fliukhgtls.
Ab cmgbamfbf hs bsh`urbr quh sh fmsplg`b, hg tlfl klkhgtl, fh fliukhgtbimùg bitubamzbfb pbrb
hvmtbr hrrlrhs plr fhsmgclrkbimùg l utmamzbimùg fh fliukhgtls lnslahtls. Als ilgtrlahs fmihg rhabimùg
ilg ab rhvmsmùg, bprlnbimùg
bprlnbimùg y fmstrmnuimùg fh ilpmbs ilgtrlabfb
ilgtrlabfbss fh als fliukhgtls hg lcmimgb ihgtrba
y hg lnrb. Ilkl khfmfb fh ilgtrla fliukhgtba sh rhbamzb ug fliukhgtl fh ^h`mstrl fh
Fliukhgtbimùgg (bghxl 2).
Fliukhgtbimù

Bufmtlrëbs Mgthrgbs fh Ibamfbf

Ha ^hprhshgtbgth fh @hrhgimb fh IG^ ILGYV^XIVMLG ilgchiimlgb ha Tabg Bguba fh Bufmtlrëbs

Mgthrgbs furbgth ha 2hr trmkhstrh fha bòl, prhliupâgflsh fh quh hg ha phrmlfl fh ug bòl sh rhvmshg
tlfls als rhqumsmtls fh ab Glrkb MYL =442? >[Link]âs fhnh ilgsmfhrbr ab rhbamzbimùg fh "ba
khgls" ugb bufmtlrëb mgthrgb pbrb ibfb lnrb hg hohiuimùg.

Abs Bufmtlrëbs Mgthrgbs slg rhbamzbfbs plr als Bufmtlrhs Mgthrgls (l plr Bufmtlrhs Hxthrgls)
fhnmfbkhgth
fhnmfbkh gth ibamcmibfls. Hg ibfb Bufmtlrëb ha ^hprhshgtbgth fh @hrhgimb hs rhsplgsbnah fh?
Ilgchiimlgbr ha Trl`rbkb fh Bufmtlrëb (vhr bghxl 2) y fmstrmnumr ilpmb b als Ohchs fh Lnrb l Ohchs l
Hgibr`bflss fh ârhbs ilg ba khgls 8 fëbs jânmahs fh bgtmimpbimùg b su hohiuimùg. Ha prl`rbkb fhnh
Hgibr`bfl
mgiaumr ba khgls? ha lnohtmvl fh ab bufmtlrëb, baibgih, jlrbrmls, ibr`ls b hgtrhvmstbr, bufmtlrhs
pbrtmimpbgths
rhquhrmfb plryals
rhqumsmtls glrkbtmvls
Bufmtlrhs b rhvmsbr.
Mgthrgls pbrb Bsh`urbr
ab hohiuimùg fhababfmsplgmnmamfbf fh ab fliukhgtbimùg
Bufmtlrmb. Trl`rbkbr abs rhugmlghs fh
 

bphrturb y imhrrh fh abs bufmtlrëbs.

^hvmsbr ha Mgclrkh fh Bufmtlrëb Mgthrgb (vhr bghxl >) y fmstrmnumr ilpmb, ba @hrhgth @hghrba y b als
rhsplgsbnahss fh abs ârhbs bufmtbfbs hg ug pabzl kâxmkl fh 0 fëbs jânmahs ugb vhz ccmgbamzbfb
rhsplgsbnah mgbamzbfb ab
bufmtlrëb. Yh fhnhrâ bfhkâs
bfhkâs fhcmgmr als irmthrmls
i rmthrmls quh sh bpamibrâg hg ha prlihsl fh bufmtlrëb.
Ab rhugmùg fh bphrturb y imhrrh hg abs Bufmtlrëbs Mgthrgbs slg fmrm`mfbs plr ha ^hprhshgtbgth fh
@hrhgimb l ug kmhknrl fha hqumpl bufmtlr, fhsm`gbfl ilkl Bufmtlr Ohch.
Ha Bufmtlr quh iursb ugb Gl Ilgclrkmfbf, ab mgclrkb fmrhitbkhgth ba Bufmtbfl y/l ba Ohch l
Hgibr`bfl fh ârhb bufmtbfb furbgth ha fhsbrrlaal fh ab bufmtlrëb.
Vlfbs abs Gl Ilgclrkmfbfhs fhthitbfbs
fhthitbfbs hg abs bufmtlrëbs mgthrgbs slg rh`mstrbfbs y cmrkbfbs plr als
Bufmtlrhs hg ug Mgclrkh fh Biimùg Ilrrhitmvb l Trhvhgtmvb, mgfmibgfl ab(s) glrkbs(s) mgcrmg`mfbs. Ba
tírkmgl fh ab Bufmtlrëb y furbgth ab rhugmùg fh imhrrh, als Bufmtlrhs hgtrh`bg abs Gl Ilgclrkmfbfhs
b als @hrhgths fh Ârhb, Ohchs l Hgibr`bfls fh Xgmfbf qumhghs hg ug pabzl fh 8 fëbs jânmahs
prlplghg ab slauimùg ba prlnahkb, bgbamzbg ab ibusb fh ab Gl Ilgclrkmfbf y sh iilkprlkh
lkprlkhthgthg ilg
ab(s) biimùg(hs) ilrrhitmvb(s) y ab(s) chijb(s) pbrb su mkpahkhgtbimùg, al iuba rh`mstrbg hg ha Mgclrkh
fh Biimùg Ilrrhitmvb, Trhvhgtmvb u lpimùg fh kholrb, ha quh plsthrmlrkhgth hgtrh`bg ba
^hprhshgtbgth
^hprhshg tbgth fh @hrhgimb fh IG^ ILGYV
ILGYV^XIVMLG.
^XIVMLG. Ym ha bgâamsms fh ab ibusb fh ab gl
ilgclrkmfbf rhqumhrh fh kbylr tmhkpl, al mgfmibg hg ha kmskl ëthk fha clrkbtl.
Ha Bufmtlr quh iursù ab
a b Gl Ilgclrkmfbf, ha ^hprhshgtbgth fh @hrhgimb l ug bufmtlr mgthrgl, hchitÿb
ha sh`umkmhgtl fh ab biimùg ilrrhitmvb hg ab chijb ilkprlkhtmf
i lkprlkhtmfb,
b, vhrmcmibgfl quh hstb jb smfl
mkpahkhgtbfbb y hs hchitmvb hg ab ilrrhiimùg fh ab gl ilgclrkmfbf, al iuba rh`mstrb hg ha Mgclrkh fh
mkpahkhgtbf
Biimùg Ilrrhitmvb, Trhvhgtmvb u lpimùg fh kholrb. Ha sh`umkmhgtl fh abs biimlghs ilrrhitmvbs
tbknmíg puhfh rhbamzbrsh hg bufmtlrmbs plsthrmlrhs. Als rhsuatbfls fh abs bufmtlrëbs mgthrgbs sslg
lg
ilgsmfhrbflss hg abs ^hvmsmlghs @hrhgimbahs.
ilgsmfhrbfl
 

Trlihsls Ilkpahkhgtbrmls?

Trlihfmkmhgtl
Trlihfmkmhgtl fh Yhahiimùg fh Kbthrmbahs y Trlfuitls pbrb ab Lnrb

Ha prlihfmkmhgtl
abnlrhs fhsirmnh
ilgtrbtbfbs. ha prlihsl `hghrba
Hsth fliukhgtl bpamib bpbrb
tlfbrhbamzbr abs ilkprbs
ab lr`bgmzbimùg y hg y`hghrba
shrvmimls hg absabs
b tlfbs lnrbs l
ârhbs
quh rhqumhrbg ab bfqumsmimùg fh ug prlfuitl l ab prhstbimùg fh ug shrvmiml quh bchith ab ibamfbf,
i bamfbf, ab
sh`urmfbf, ab sbauf liupbimlgba
liupbimlgba y ha khfml bknmhgth fh abs lphrbimlghs

Trlihfmkmhgtl
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb Yunilgtrbtbimlghs

Ha prlihfmkmhgtl pbrb ab ilgtrbtbimùg fh prlihsls, prlfuitls y shrvmimls sukmgmstrbfls plr

sunilgtrbtls pbrb ab lnrb ‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb V-3:8‛, hstbnahih sh fhnh fhcmgmr
als plsmnahs sunilgtrbtls quh iukpamrâg als rhquhrmkmhg
rhquhrmkmhgtls
tls fha prlyhitl. Hg hsth hsihgbrml, sh fhnh
rhilpmabr ab kbylr ibgtmfbf fh mgclrkbimùg
m gclrkbimùg fh als plsmnahs sunilgtrbtl
s unilgtrbtls,
s, fh hstb kbghrb, sh plfrâg
bgbamzbr fh kholr kbghrb y bnbribgfl ug kbylr gÿkhrl fh vbrmbnahs quh mgthrvmhghg hg ab fhimsmùg.

2)  Tbrb haal sh fhnhg fhcmgmr tlfbs

t lfbs abs plsmnahs bathrgbtmvbs fh sunilgtrbtls quh iukpabg ilg
als rhquhrmkmhgtls
rhquhrmkmhgtls këgmkls fha prlyhitl b rhbamzbr.

>)  Fhthrkmgbr
Fhthrkmgbr als cbitlrhs
cbit lrhs quh sh hvbaubrâg hg ha prlihsl fh shahiimùg. Yh fhnhg fhcmgmr tlfls
als cbitlrhs mkplrtbgths pbrb ab hkprhsb b ab jlrb fh tlkbr ab fhimsmùg
fhimsm ùg (ilstls, ibamfbf,
iukpamkmhgtl fh pabzls, slavhgimb hilgùkmib, tbsb fh biimfhgths, hgtrh ltrls).

9)  Xgb vhz fhthrkmgbfl ha sunilgtrbtl,

sunilgtrbtl, sh fhnh rrhbamzbr
hbamzbr ha ilgtrla y sh`umkmhgtl fha
fhshkphòll fha sunilgtrbtl khfmbgth bufmtlrëbs, hgsbyhs fh ibamfbf, ilgtrlahs sh`ÿg
fhshkphò
ilrrhsplgfb ba prlihsl, prlfuitl l shrvmimls sukmgmstrbfl hxthrgbkhgth.
hxthrgbkhgth.

Bilpml, Bakbihgbkmhgtl
Bakbihgbkmhgtl y Kbghol fh Kbthrmbahs

Yh jb fhcmgmfl pbrb prhshrvbr als kbthrmbahs y prlfuitls tbgtl hg prlihsl ilkl cmgba als sm`umhgths
bsphitls?

  Kbthrmbahs? Yh bakbihgbg nbol ilgfmimlghs

i lgfmimlghs ilgtrlabfbs hg nlfh`bs fh ibrâithr phrkbghgth
y trbgsmtlrmls, hstb ÿatmkb fhphgfmhgfl fha bvbgih fh ab lnrb.
  Kbthrmbahs pítrhls y ârmfls, sh jb fh fhcmgmr ha prlihfmkmhgtl fliukhgtbfl
fliukhgtbfl,, hg flgfh sshh
 

hstbnahihrâ ha au`br, abs ibrbithrëstmibs, fha bilpml, ttmpl

mpl fh bakbihgbkmhg
bakbihgbkmhgtl
tl pbrb prhshrvbr
abs ibrbithrëstmibs fha kbthrmba hg ha tmhkpl.
  Tbrb ab prhshrvbimùg fh prlfuitls hg prlihsl y prlfuitl cmgba, sh rhbamzb khfmbgth ha ilgtrla


fh biihsl y trâgsmtl b ab zlgb fh ab lnrb khfmbgth ab shòbamzbimùg y khibgmskls hxm`mfls hg

abs nbshs fh amimtbimùg y hg ab glrkbtmvb vm`hgth.

p lr abs Nbshs fh
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls Mkpuhstls plr
Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`ls pbrb Ilgtrbtls KLT.

Yh fhsirmnh ilkl sh fbrâ iukpamkmhgtl b als rhquhrmkmhgtls fh prhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls furbgth ab

hohiuimùg fha ilgtrbtl rhbamzbfl plr guhstrb ilgstruitlrb. Ha iukpamkmhgtl fh als rhquhrmkmhgtls sh
vhrmcmibrâ b trbvís fh ugb amstb
amst b fh ijhquhl quh phrkmth hvmfhgimbr
hvmfhgimbr als bsphitls ilgtrlabfl
ilgtrlabflss y als
rhsuatbfls lnthgmfls.

Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls Bknmhgtbahs hg Ilgclrkmfbf

b abs Nbshs fh @hstmùg Bknmhgtba y fh Tbrtmimpbimùg Imufbfbgb pbrb Ilgtrbtls KLT.

Tbrb ab hohiuimùg fh ab lnrb ‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb V -3:8‛ sh thgfrâg prhshgth als
rhqumsmtls khfmlbknmhgtbahs
khfmlbknmhgtbahs mgfmibfls hg abs nbshs fh hsth prlyhitl. tlfl al quh hs glrkbtmvb ah`ba
vm`hgth bpamibnah, fliukhgtls quh shrâg als sm`umhgths?

 
 Ahy 2=944 (nbshs fha khfml bknmhgth y sus rh`abkhgtls).
 
 Hstufmls y irmthrmls bknmhgtbahs hg prlyhitls vmbahs, kbguba fh ibrrhthrbs G.¿ = vhrsmùg
>42>.
  Hsphimcmibimlghs bknmhgtbahs
 bknmhgtbahs `hghrbahs fha Kbguba fh ibrrhthrbs Slaukhg 8, YYhiimùg
hiimùg
8.449. Shrsmùg >42>.

  Hsphimcmibimlghs Bknmhgtbahs `hghrbahs.

 
 Ahy >4.620 irhb kmgmsthrml, Yhrvmiml fh Hvbaubimùg Bknmhgtba y suphrmgthgfhgimb
suphrmgthgfhgimb fha
 
 Khfml Bknmhgth.

Tbrb aahvbr b ibnl ha iukpamkmhg

i ukpamkmhgtl
tl fh als rhqumsmtls bknmhgtbah
bknmhgtbahss sh mkpahkhg
mkpahkhgtbrâ
tbrâ ug prlihfmkmhgtl
pbrb ab ilgchiimùg y ilgtrla fh pabghs fh bknmhgth.


  Mgclrkbimùg fliukhgtbfb rhquhrmfb y fhthrkmgbfb ilkl ghihsbrmb  (iaâusuab 0.8.). (y
^hsla. 8=> F@LT KLT Ahtrbs H,C,@,J,M)
 

@HGH^BAMFBFHY?
Ab lcmimgb Ihgtrba fh illrfmgbimùg ilg ha Bfkmgmstrbflr fha ilgtrbtl, ilgtrlabrb als prlihsls fh abs
lnrbs, pabgmkhtrëb, hsphimcmibimlghs tíigmibs, prhsupuhstls, hti., hg iubgtl b sus brijmvls, su
fmstrmnuimùg mgthrgb y fmsplsmimùg sh`ÿg mgfmibg als prlihfmkmhgtls, bsh`urbgfl quh abs vhrsmlghs hg
usl ilrrhsplgfbg b ab ÿatmkb rhvmsmùg. Tbrb haal, fmstrmnumrâg
fmst rmnumrâg ab fliukhgtbimùg hg clrkb ilgtrlabfb ba
phrslgba fh thrrhgl quh ilrrhsplgfb.
Ab fliukhgtbimùg lnslahtb shrâ mfhgtmcmibfb, rhtmrbfb (iubgfl ilrrhsplgfb)
ilrrhsplgfb) y auh`l
a uh`l sh kbribrâ ilkl
LNYLAHVB l nmhg shrâ fhstrumfb.

ILGV^LA FH FLIXKHGVLY
FLIXKHGVLY??

Hgvmù y Ilgtrla fh Fliukhgtls ilg ha Kbgfbgth.

Ha ilgtrla fh fliukhgtls y hgvëls fh fbtls ilg
i lg ha Kbgfbgth sh rhbamzbrâ ilgclrkh b al shòbabfl hg
fliukhgtls ‑Trlihfmkmhgtls fh Ilkugmibimùg Mgthrgb y Hxthrgb‛. 
Hxthrgb‛.  

Hgvmù y Ilgtrla fh Fliukhgtls hg Vhrrhgl.

Ha ilgtrla fh als fliukhgtls y fbtls usbfls hg thrrhgl, sh rhbamzbrâ fh ab sm`umhgth clrkb?
Als Fliukhgtls hgvmbfls ba Bfkmgmstrbflr fha Ilgtrbtl fh ‑^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >, ^utb
V-3:8 slg?

- Mgclrkhs, fliukhgtls
fliukhgtls tíigmils, ibrtbs,
i brtbs, hkbma, gltbs fh hgvmù, klfmcmibimlghs, hti.
Ab clrkb fh Brijmvbr als fliukhgtls shrâ ab sm`umhgth?
- Xsl fh ibrphtbs mgfmvmfubamzbfbs.
- Brijmvbflr hg Lrfhg Irlglaù`mil.
- Brijmvbflr hg lrfhg gukírmil.
- ^hspbafl Brijmvbflr Fm`mtba.

^HSMYMÙG FH FLIXKHGVLY ILG HA KBGFBGVH?

Ha prlihsl fh rhvmsmùg fh mgclrkhs y fliukhg
fliukhgtbimùg
tbimùg ilg ha Kbgfbgth shrâ ab sm`umhgth?
- IG^ Ilgstruitmlg hkmth mgclrkhs y/l fliukhg
fliukhgtls
tls hg rhvmsmùg pbrb ilkhgtbrmls, gltbs l
su`hrhgimbs plr pbrth fha kbgfbgth.
- Ha Kbgfbgth hkmth Lnshrvbimlghs,
Lnshrvbimlghs, iilrrhiimlghs
lrrhiimlghs b als mgclrkhs y/l fliukhgtls hg rhvmsmùg.
 

GL ILGCL^KMFBFHY?
Hg ibsl quh sh hgiuhg
hgiuhgtrhg
trhg gl iilgclrkmfbf
lgclrkmfbfhs
hs furbgth ha fhsbrrlaal fh abs bit
bitmvmfbfhs,
mvmfbfhs, sh fhobrb
rh`mstrl fh hstl, sh mgclrkbrb ba Bfkmgmstrbflr fh ab Hkprhsb Hohiutlrb ab iuba fhnhrâ
fhnh râ hvbaubr y
tlkbr biimlghs ba rhsphitl fh ab gl ilgclrkmfbf.
Yh rhbamzbrâg abs sm`umhgths bitmvmfbfhs ba hgcrhgtbrsh b ugb Gl Ilgclrkmfbf?
- Ha bfkmgmstrbflr fha ilgtrbtl, sh`rh`brâ ha fliukhgtl,
fliukhgtl, nbol ha iuba sh fhthitù ab biimùg gl
ilgclrkh.
- Yh prlihfhrâ b ahvbgtbr ug rh`mstrl fh fmijb gl ilgclrkmfbf fh biuhrfl ba prlihfmkmhgtl
GL ILGCL^KMFBF. Biimùg Ilrrhitmvb, Trhvhgtmvb y lpimlghs fh Kholrbs, rhbamzbgfl als
sh`umkmhgtls
sh`umkmhg tls b abs biimlghs fh kholrbs mkpahkhgtbfb
mkpahkhgtbfbss y su plsthrmlr hvbaubimùg ba ^h`mstrl
fh Gl Ilgclrkmfbf.

ILGV^LA FH T^LSHHFL
T^LSHHFL^HY
^HY
Als kbthrmbahs, prlfuitls y shrvmimls ilgsmfhrbfls furbgth ab hohiuimùg fh ab lnrb y als prlvhhflrhs
quh sukmgmstrbg slg shahiimlgbfls, hvbaubfls
hvbaubfls fh biuhrfl b als irmthrmls hstbnahimfls hg abs
hsphimcmibimlghs fha ilgtrbtl.
IG^ Ilgstruitmlg rhbamzbrâ ab hvbaubimùg b als prlvhhflrhs fh clrkb phrkbghgth khfmbgth ugb
hvbaubimùg qumgihgba, iuyb prl`rbkbimùg shrâ fhcmgmfb plr ha Fhpbrtbkhgtl fh Ilkprbs. Hstb
hvbaubimùg shrâ plr khfml fh ugb cmijb fh hvbaubimùg fh prlvhhflrhs (bfougtl Bghxl 2), ab iuba gls
phrkmth mfhgtmcmibr fhcmimhgimbs y cbaabs hg ab al`ëstmib mgthrgb y hxthrgb.

ILKXGMIBIMÙG ILG ] BA IAMHGVH.

Ab ilkugmibimùg ilg ha iamhgth sh rhbamzb fh biuhrfl b al fmspuhstl hg abs nbshs bfkmgmstrbtmvbs y
fliukhgtls
fliukhgtls fha ilgtrbtl.

Fhgtrl fh als bsphitls rhabimlgbfls ilg ab ilkugmibimùg ilg ha iamhgth, shrâ utmamzbfb ab jhrrbkmhgtb
fh hgiuhstb ba iamhgth, quh hg guhstrl ibsl shrâ ilgtrlabfl plr ug mgsphitlr cmsiba,
cms iba, qumhg
rhprhshgtbrâ ba KLT. Hstb hgiuhstb quhfb fhcmgmfb plr ug ouh`l fh : ëthks, als iubahs slg
hvbaubfls khfmbgth
khfmbgth als mgfmibflrhs fh sbtmscbiimùg? Kuy Ybtmschijl, Ybtmschijl, Mgsbtmschijl, Kuy
mgsbtmschijl, Gl bpamibnah.

Ab hgiuhstb hstbrâ lrmhgtbfb b prlihsls l prlfuitls, fhcmgmfls fh clrkb prhvmb khfmbgth

ilkugmibimùg fmrhitb hgtrh hkprhsb y iamhgth. Ab khfmimùg fha gmvha fh sbtmscbiimùg sh
s h rhbamzbrâ
khfmbgth ab kbribimùg fha ëthk (x) pbrb ibfb mgfmibflr fh sbtmscbiimùg.
 

^hsla. 8=> F@LT KLT Ahtrbs H,C,@,J,M )

Ahtrb H? Glrkbtmvb Bpamibnah

G´ Mfhgtmcmibimùg fh ab Ahy,
Mfhgtmcmibimùg Bòl Bitmvmfbfhs ^hsplgsbnah hg ab
^h`abkhgtl, Glrkb l Bslimbfbs Yuphrvmsmùg fha
Fliukhgtl iukpamkmhgtl
Hg ^habimùg ba Ilgtrbtl
2 Fhirhtl 08 >446
> Iùfm`l fha Vrbnbol >429
9 Ahy >4.2>9 fh Yunilgtrbtbimùg >443
Hg rhabimùg ba fmshòl y Ilgstruiimùg
2 Lrfhgbgzb `hghrba fh >44=
Xrnbgmskl
> Ahy @hghrba fh Xrnbgmsk
Xrnbgmskll y 2=03
Ilgstruiimlghs
Hg rhabimùg b ab Trhvhgi
Trhvhgimùg
mùg fh ^mhs`ls
2 Ahy 23.066 Biimfhgths y 2=3:
Hgchrkhfbfhs
Hgchrkhfb fhs Trlchsmlgbahs
> Ahy >4620. irhb kmgmsthrml >42>
shrvmiml fh hvbaubimùg
bknmhgtbaa y suphrmgthgfh
bknmhgtb suphrmgthgfhgimb
gimb
fha Khfml Bknmhgth
Hg rhabimùg ba Khfml Bknmhgth
2 Ahy 2=.944 Nbshs fha Khfml 2==6
Bknmhgth
 

Ahtrb C? Trlihsl fh @hstmùg

Chijb fh
Chijb fh
Bgbamsms fh Biimùg Shrmcmibimùg Ilstl fh ab Gl Chijb fh
G´ Lrm `h
`h g Fh ssiirm pi
pim ùg
ùg Ch ij
ij b Ia bbssm ccmm iibbim ù
ùg
g Mkpahkhgt
Biimùg Ibusb Ilrrhitmvb fh ab ilgclrkmfbf Imhrrh
bimùg
Mgkhfmbtb Hcmibimb
(b) (n) (n) ( n) (n) ( n)

Gltb
(b) Ilali
Ilalibr
br abs ahtrbs quh il
ilrrhspl
rrhsplgfb,
gfb, sh`ÿgqumhg jbyb hchit
hchitubfl
ubfl ab Gl Ilgcl
Ilgclrkmfbf
rkmfbf I; ilgtr
ilgtrbtmstb
btmstb / BMC; Bshslrë
Bshslrëbb b ab mgsphiimùg Cmsiba
Cmsiba
(n) Abs chijbs sh bgltbrâg ff-kk-bbbb

Ahtrb @? Trlihsl fh Lphrbtmvls

-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb ab hohiuimùg fh als Mthks y TMIH (Gmvha 2)
-  Mgstruitmvls pbrb ab hohiuimùg fh als Mthks y TMIH (Gmvha >)
-  Tabghs fh Mgsphiimùg, ilgtrlahs y Hgsbyls TMIH

Gltb? Yh bfougtbg fliukhgtls hg Bghxl 2.

Ahtrb J? Trlihsl fh Ilkpahkhgtb

Ilkpahkhgtbrmls
rmls

-  Trlihfmkmhgtls
Trlihfmkmhgtls fh shahiimùg
shahiim ùg fh kbthrmbahs y prlfuitls pbrb ab lnrb
-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb sunilgtrbtbimlghs
-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als rhqumsmtls mkpuhstls plr ab nbshs fh Trhvhgimùg
fh ^mhs`ls pbrb ilgtrbtls fh Lnrb Tÿnamib
-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb fbr iukpamkmhgtl b als rhqumsmtls Bknmhgtbahs hg ilgclrkmfbf b abs
nbshs fh `hstmùg bknmhgtba y fh pbrimpbimùg imufbfbgb pbrb ilgtrbtls fh Lnrb Tÿnamib
-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb ab `hstmùg y rhs`ubrfl fh ab mgclrkbimùg fha Ilgtrbtl
-  Trlihfmkmhg
Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls pbrb ha ilgtrla fh hqumpls fh khfmfb y hgsbyls
 

Ahtrb M? Ltrls Trlihfmkmhg

Trlihfmkmhgtls
tls

YMVXBIMÙG FH BSBGIH FHA TABG FH AB IBAMFBF FHA ILGV^BVMYVB

C hijb fh Mgclrkh? >9- 2>- >4>2

Fliukhgtl Iùfm`l Fliukhgtl ^hv msmùg Hstbtus Lnshrv bimlghs
TA BG FH A B IBAM FBF U b[ Un[
Fbtls Nâsmils fha Ilgtrbtl Bgthihfhgths fha Ilgtrbtl 8.444 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Lr`bgm`rbkb 8.442 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Lr`bgmzbimùg fha Ilgtrbtmstb Amstbfl fh Thrslgbs y su Ibr `l 8.44> - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Fhsir mpimùg fh Cugimlghs y ^hsplgsbnmamfbfhs 8.449 - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Lnohtmvl fh Ibamfbf
Lnohtmv ls y Khtbs Hsphimcmibs pbrb ha Ilgtrbtl 8.424 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Hsphimcmils pbrb ha Ilgtrbtl
Baibgih fha Tabg Baibgih fha TIfI 8.4>4 - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Glrkbtmv b Bpamibnah Amstbfl fh Glrkbtmv bs Bpamibnahs 8.494 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Ilgtrla fh Ybamfbs, Trlfuitls y Yhrvmimls Gl Ilgclrkhs 8.464 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Ilgtrla fh @hstmùg Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb ab Yuphrvmsmùg y Ilgtrla fh ab
8.462 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Mgclrkbimùg Fliukhgtbfb
Trlihfmkmhgtl fh Ilkprb fh Kbthr mbahs y Trlfuitls 8.484 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Ilgtrla fh Trlihsls Trlihfmkmhgtl pbr b Yunilgtrbtbimlghs 8.482 - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Lphrbtmvls Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb ha Bilpml, Bakbihgbkmhgtl, Kbghol y
8.48> - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Ilgtrla fh Kbthrmbahs l Trlfuitls
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr Iukpamkmhgtl Abnlrba y
8.434 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Trhvmsmlgba fha Ilgtrbtmstb
Trlihfmkmhgtl fbr Iukpamkmhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls fh abs
Nbshs fh Trhvhgimùg fh ^mhs`l pbrb Ilgtrbtls fh 8.432 - 2 ^-9 T Trhshgtbfl pbrb Hv baubimùg
Lnrbs Tÿnamibs
Trlihsls Ilkpahk
I lkpahkhgtbrmls
hgtbrmls Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb fbr Iukpamk
Iukpamkmhgtl
mhgtl b als ^hqumsmtls
^hq umsmtls
8.43> - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Bknmhgtbahs
Trlihfmkmhgtl ppbbr b ab @
@hhstmùg ffhh TTbbrtmimpbimùg I
Immufbfbgb 8.439 - 2 ^-9 T Trhshgtbfl ppbbrb HHvv babaubimùg
Trlihfmkmhgtl pbrb @hstmùg y ^hs`ubrfl fh ab
8.436 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Mgclrkbimùg Fliukhgtbfb fha Ilgtrbtl
Trl`rbkb fh Ibamnrbimùg y Shrmcmibimùg fh Hqumpls fh
Ilgtrla fh Hqumpl y Khfmfbs 8.404 - 2 ^-> B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs
Khfmfb y Hgsbyh
Bufmtlrëb Mgthrgb fh Ibamfbf Trl`rbkb fh Bufmtlr ëbs 8.4:4 - 2 ^-2 B Ymg Lnshr v bimlghs

Iùfm`l?
^hv?
Ilgtrbtmstb Glknrh fha Ilgtr btl
Chijb?
Tâ`mgb?
gb? 2 fh 2
Clrkbtl fh ^h`mstrl? ijhquhl TMIH hg Vhrrhgl
Mthk >46-2 @HLVH
@HLVHZVMA
ZVMA TB
TB^B
^B HYVBNMAM_BIM
HYVBNMAM_BIM G FH YXHAL
Hahkhgtl
Xnmibimùg Chijb mgmiml ^hsplgsbnah Trlihsl

Irmthrmls Ilgtrbtmstb
Bitmvmfbf l Hahkhgtl b Khtlfl fh Smstb BMC
Htbpb G´ Bihptbimùg Chijb ^hsplgsbnah fha rhb @hstmùg
ùg fh Ibamfbf
Mgsphiimlgbr  Mgsphiimùg
^hc. TMIH Mfhgtmc. I GI Cmrkb Mfhgtmc. Lns. C mrkb Mfhgtmc. Lns (I-G I) Cmrkb
V^BNBOLY T^HAMKMGB^HY
Smsuba y
2 Kbqumgbrmb Hstbfl Kltlgmv habflrb
Lphrbtmvb
> Thrslgba Smsuba HTT Lphrbflr  
9 Jhrrbkmhgtbs Lphrbtmv b Hstbfl Gmv ha
…
G´
^hsplgsbnah HVBTB? Cmrkb? Chijb Lnshrvbimùg?

HOH
HOHIXIM
IXIM G FHA
FHA T^LIH
T^LIHYL YL
2 Yuphr cmimh fh Ilalibimùg Smsuba Gmv hahs Jlrmzlgtbamfbf
> Ilalibimùg @hlthx tma Smsuba Ilalibimùg V rbsabpl
9
…
G´
^hsplgsbnah HVBTB? Cmrkb? Chijb Lnshrvbimùg?

^H
^HIH
IHTI
TIMM G
2 Gmv hahabimùg Vhrrhgl
> I lk
lkpbitbimùg Yuhal
9 I lalalibimùg y Vr
Vr bs
bsabpl
…
G´
^hsplgsbnah HVBTB? Cmrkb? Chijb Lnshrvbimùg?
 

BGHZL 2

^H@MYV^L FH FLIXKHGVLY

GLKN^H FLIXKHGVL? CHIJB?

IÙFM@L FLIXKHGVL?
G´ FH ^HSMYMÙG
^HSMYMÙG??
CHIJB
GLKN^H IB^@L CM^KB
^HIHTIMÙG
 

T^L@^BKB
FH
BXFMVL^MB
MGVH^GB

HRXMTL BXFMVL^ MGVH^GL Chijb fh ab Bufmtlrëb?

Lnohtmvl y Baibgih fh ab Bufmtlrëb?

Jlrb Fhptl ^hqumsmtls Bufmtlr (hs)

 /Cugimùg Bufmtbfb Glrkbtmvls b
Bufmtbr  

Als jlrbrmls slg fh rhchrhgimb y puhfhg sucrmr klfmcmibimùg fh biuhrfl ilg ab ghihsmfbf fh
Bufmtlrhs y/l Bufmtbfls. 

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

^hprhshgtbgth fh @hrhgimb

Chijb Hkmsmùg?
 

MGCL^KH FH
BXFMVL^MB
MGVH^GB

HRXMTL BXFMVL^ MGVH^GL Chijb fh ab Bufmtlrëb?

Lnohtmvl y Baibgih fh ab Bufmtlrëb?

G´ Vltba fh Gl Ilgclrkmfbfhs?
Ilgclrkmfbfhs? Khtlflal`ëb Xtmamzbfb? 
Khtlflal`ëb

Fliukhgtls fh ^hchrhgimbs? Thrslgbs ilgtbitbfbs? 

Clrtbahzbs Fhthitbfbs

Fhnmamfbfhs Fhthitbfbs

Lnshrvbimlghs

Ilgiausmlghs
Ilgiausmlghs @hghrbahs

Chijb Hkmsmùg? Hkmtmfl plr? Cmrkb @hrhgimb

 

 
 

Cmijb fh Hvbaubimùg fh Trlvhhflrhs

LN^B? CHIJB?

HABNL^BFL TL^?
^HSMYBFL TL^?
CHIJB ^HSMYMÙG HYVBFL
T^LSHHFL^ T^LFXIVL G ´ LI LNY
^HIHTIMÙG IBGVMFBF KBVH^MBA

|  
 

CHIJB?
HGIXHYVB YBVMYCBIIMÙG BA IAMHGVH

KX]
YBV
BVMMYCHIJL MG
MGY
YBV
BVMY
MYC
CHIJL KX] MGY
MGYBV
BVMY
MYC
CHIJL G/
G/B
B
YBVMYCHIJL

Ilgclrkmfbf fh als
bvbgihs y
prlfuiimùg fh lnrb

Lnohtmvls fh ab
ibamfbf fh ab lnrb

Gmvha fh
ilkprlkmsl

Vrbzbnmamfbf fh ab
ilkugmibimùg

Mgclrkbimùg fha
prl`rhsl
Hcmimhgimb crhgth b
abs mgqumhtufhs
Ilkpbrbimùg fh
Ilkpbrbimùg
fhshkphòl

@rbfl
@rbfl sbtmscbiimùg
 
 

TABG FH MGYTHIIMLG
MGYTH IIMLGHY,
HY, ILGV^LAHY
ILGV^LAHY ] HGYB]LY (TMIH)

Ëthk? >46 - 2 @H
@HLV
LVHZV
HZVMA
MA TB^B HYVB
HYVBNMA
NMA M_BIM G FH YXHALY Gmv ha? >

Bitmvmfbf /
Fhsirmpimùg fha Hstbgfbr / ^hchrhgimb Kítlfl fh
Htbp b G´ Hahkhgtls y Cr
Crhi
hiuh
uhgi
gimb
mb ^hsp
^hsplg
lgsb
sbna
nahh
Irmthrmls
Irmthrmls fh Bihptbimùg Glrkbtmvb Mgsphiimùg
Jhrrbkmhgtbs

Bfhiubfb, fmsplgmnah, hg
2 Kbq
Kbqumgbrmb nuhg hstbfl y ilg tlfl Ahy ffhh Vr âgsmtl Lnshr v bimùg ba mgmiml MG@.
hqumpbkmhgtl fh prlthiimùg
Ilg ijbrab lphrbtmvb, HTT
> Thr slgba Ahy 23.066 Lnshr v bimùg ba mgmiml MG@.
bfhiubfls y hg nuhg hstbfl
9 Kbthr mba - Fmsplsmimùg Hx msthgimb bilpml @hlthx tma KI - S8/8.>46.> Lnshr v bbiimùg ba mgmiml MG@.
Hgvuhatl ilg kbthrmba quh al
prlthob fh fbòls, b`ub, auz
Vrbnbol slabr y ilgtbkmgbgths furbgth
Kbthrmba . Vrbgsplrth KI - S8 /
Trhamkmgbr  6 su trbsabfl. Bakbihgbr
Bakbihgbr hg ibfb v hz VLT
y Bakbihgbkmhgtl 8.>46.942
au`br prlth`mfl, amnrh fh
jukhfbfy batbs
thkphrbturbs.
Vbnab 8.>46.>4>
8 Kb
Kbtthrm
hrmba - Iba
Ibamfb
fbff Ihrt
Ihrtmmcmibf
bfll ffhh Iba
Ibamfb
fbff Fliukhgtl ibfb fhspbijl ABN
B KI - S8
Bfhiubfb y ilrrhitbkhgth
ilrrhitbkhgth Hsquhkb
3 Yhò
hòba
bamzbi
bimmùg Lnshr v bimùg ba mgmiml T^
Mgstbabfb Yhòbamzbimùg
0 Âr hb fh Vr bnbol Fhcmgmr ab zlgb fh tr bnbol Yh`ÿg Tr ly hitl Amstbfl ba mgmiml VLT
Amk
Amkpmb
pmb y jlkl`íghb, amnrh fh
2 Yu
Yuph
phrc
rcmi
mimh
mh fh hahkhgtls pugzbgths y H.V ..HH / KI - S8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
Ilalibimùg ilrtbgths. VLT
Hxthgfml fh Tbòl, Amnrh fh
brru`bs y pamh`uhs hg iurvbs
> H.V ..HH / KI - S8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
plfrâ shr pah`bfl l ilrtbfl
sh`ÿg trbzbfl fh ab lnrb.
Ilalibimùg @hlthxtma VLT
Ilsturb l trbsabpl ilsturbfl
Ilsturb
ilg jmal plamhsthr l trbsabph
kmgmkl 08ik. Hg iurvb fhnh
H.V ..HH / KI - S8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
shr pah`bfl l ilrtbfl pbrb
bfbptbral ba trbzbfl fh ab
lnrb VLT
Nlrfh fh pamh`uhs fha
Hohiuimùùgg fh
`hlthxtma hgtrh pabtbclrkb y
Trlihsls 9 H.V ..HH / KI - S8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
pmh fh tbauf b 64 b 84 ik
Ijhquhl fh Nlrfh slnrhsbah plr tbauuff VLT
Yuphrcmimh amnrh fh fb
Yuphrcmimh fbòl
òl (Hg
ha ibsl fh plsmnahs fbòls,
6 rhpbrbral, iunrmhgflal ilg ug H.V ..HH / KI - S8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
pbòl fh `hlthxtma ilg 08ik
Bihptbimùg fh ibr`uël
plr ibfb abfl fh hxthgsmùg.
slnrh @hlthxtma VLT
Fhsibr`b - hspbrih -
trbsabpbfl
bpbfl slnrh [Link]. Gl
Ibr`uël fh Kbthrmba fhsibr`br fmrhitbkhgt
fmrhitbkhgth slnrh KI - S8
8 Lnshr vvbbimùg plr tr bbk
kl
fh ^hiunrmkmhgtl ab thab smgl slnrh kbthrmba 8.>46.949
prhvmbkhgth ilalibfl, ha
hsphslr 94ik VLT

Vhrkmgbimùg fh Ârhb fh trbnbol amkpmb y plr trbkl

trbkl
2 H.
H.V.
[Link] / KI - SS88 Lns
nshr
hrvbi
vbimù
mùgg
Vrbnbols lrfhgbfb r himnmfl VLT
^hihpimùg
Iunmibimùg hg Fhthrkmgbr ab suphrcmimh fh Fmkhgsmlghs plr trbkl
trbkl
> Khfmimùg
@bnmghth ilalibimùg fh `hlthxtma sh`ÿg Trlyhit
Trly hitll r himnmfl ^HY  
 

KBV^M_ FH ^MHY@LY FH IBAMFBF

Iùfm`l ^mhs`l ibth`lrëb Sbalrmzbimùg gmvha

KBV^M_ FH ^MHY@LY
4 Ibknmls lr`bgm zzbbimlgba hs
hs Lr`bgmzbimlgba 2 GM SHA 9 Cbitlr fh ^mhs`l (C^o) bslimbfl b Tbrtmfb (Tm)
4.2 M giukpam kmh gtl TMH Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA > Mgsm `gm c mibgth Khglr Klfh rbfl Th am `rlsl Ibtbstrùc mil
4.> Trlalg`bfl ph rm lfl fh aauvmbs y vm hgtls Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA > Crh iuh gth 9 6 8 8 8
4.9 Hgtrh `b mglplrtugb fh thrrh gl @hstmlg fh Trlyhitl 9 GM SHA > Trlnbnah > 9 6 8 8
4.6 Fmsplgm nmam fbf fh c auol fh ibob Lr`bgmzbimlgba 6 GM SHA 2 Libsm lgba 2 9 9 6 8
4.8 Tlib fmsplgmnma mfbf fh kbgl fh lnrb @hstmlg fh Trlyhitl 6 GM SHA 2 Tlsm na h 2 2 9 9 6
4.3 Fmsplgm nmam fbf amkmtbfb fh prlvh h flrh s Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA > Mkprlnbna h 2 2 2 > 9
2 Btrbsl hg Mgstbabim ùg fh c bh gb y ibkpbkh gtls Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA >
2.2 Bphrturb, hx paltbim ùg y bnbgflgl fh h kprí stmtls @hstmlg fh Trlyhitl 9 GM SHA > Irmthrml fh iabsmcmibimùg

2.> M giukpam kmh gtl h g pa bz ls fh Tabgtbs fh prlfuiimùg fh kbthrmbah s Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA > Trlkh fm l (C^m) Iabsm c mibim ùg
2.9 M gstbabimùg fh c h itulsb fh nbrnbibgbs fh fh sb`uh Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA > 1 2,8 G MS HA 9
2.6 Fh sbrkh y/l Fh klam imùg fh Tuhgth s Hxm sth gth s Lr`bgmzbimlgba 8 GM SHA 2 2,8 - 9 G MS HA >
2.8 ^h trbsl h g mgstbabim ùg fh puh gth s Trlvmslrm ls @hstmlg fh Trlyhitl 8 GM SHA 2 79 G MS HA 2
2.3 Cbatb fh illrfmgbimùg h g kh o lrbkmh gtl fh ibuih h g puhgths Lr`bgmzbimlgba 6 GM SHA 2
2.0 M gstbabimùg Tma lth s Trh h x ibvbfls (Mg Ym tu) Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA >
2.: Yukmgm strl y trbgsplrth fh vm `bs kh tâa mibs y brrm lstrbkm hgtls Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA >
2.= Hrrlr h ga bbggzbkm hg
hgt ly ila lliibim ùg
ùg fh vm `b
`bs k ht
ht âaâa mibs y brrm ls
lstrbk mh ggtt ls
ls L r`
r`bgm zb
zbim lg
lgba 8 GM S
SHHA 2
2. 24 Yukmgm strl y il ilalibimùg fh OOuugtbs HaHabstlkí rm ibs h g tbna hrls ffhh pu puh gth s Hx th rgl 6 GM SHA 2
2. 22 Yukmgm strl y ilalibimùg fh pabibs fh ghlprh gl Hx th rgl 6 GM SHA 2
> M giukpam kmh gtl fh rha ah gl h struiturba ph rkh bna h Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA >
>.2 Ylnrh -h xibvbim ùg b kâqumgb h g puh gths y hstruiturbs Lr`bgmzbimlgba 8 GM SHA 2
>.> Hx ibvbimùg ffmm rh itb iillg bb``ltbkm h gtl hhgg ppuuh gth s y h struiturbs Lr`bgmzbimlgba 8 GM SHA 2
>.9 Tlib fmsplgmnma mfbf fh klafboh s Lr`bgmzbimlgba 6 GM SHA 2
>.6 Kba b iba mfbf fh bih rl pbrb brkbfurbs B39-6>J Hx th rgl 6 GM SHA 2
>.8 Hrrlr fh th rkmgbimùg fh Jlrkm`ùg @-8 Hx th rgl 9 GM SHA >
>.3 Kba b iba mfbf Jlrkm`ùg @-94/YK Hx th rgl 6 GM SHA 2
>.0 Cbatb fh illrfmgbimùg h g M kphrkhbnm amzbim ùg fh Kurls Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA >
>.: M gstbabimùg m gilrrhitb fh kla fbo hs Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA >
>.= Hrrlr h g bpam ibimùg fh bih rl pbrb brkbfurbs B39-6>J Hx th rgl 2,8 GM SHA 9
>. 24 Cbatb fh pabgmc mibimùg pbrb Jlrkm`ùg @-94/YK Lr`bgmzbimlgba 9 GM SHA >
>. 22 Ibknml fh mkph rkh bnm amz bimùg fh tbnah rls Lr`bgmzbimlgba > GM SHA >
>. 2> G l iukpamkmh gtl h g ibpb fh jlrkm `ùg pbrb puh gth s Lr`bgmzbimlgba 6 GM SHA 2
>. 29 M giukpam kmh gtl fh h tbpbs hg alsb fh biih sl Lr`bgmzbimlgba 6 GM SHA 2
>. 26 Ilrrh itb bpa mibim ùg pm gturb fh vm `bs kh tâa mibs y brrm ls trbkm hgtls Ví igm il > GM SHA >
>. 28 Yukmgm strl y ilalibimùg fh Nbrbgfb Kh tâa mib Th btlgba @ba vbgmz bfb Hx th rgl 2,8 GM SHA 9
>. 23 Yukmgm strl y ilalibimùg fh Nbrrh rbs Km xtbs Hx th rgl 2,8 GM SHA 9

 
>. 20 Ila lliibim ùùgg m gi
gilrrh iittb fh sshh òòbba mzbim ùg
ùg vh rtrtm ib
iba abth rb
rba ffhh fl
fls pplls th
th s @hst mlg fh Tr
Trlyhit l 2 GM S
SHHA 9
9 Ilrrhitb rhklimùg fh shòbamzbimùg vhrtmiba abthrba @hstmlg fh Trlyhitl 2 GM SHA 9
 

 
JCE-PY-4420 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 2 fh 22
22  

T^LIHFMKMHGVL
MGYVBABIMÙG FH CBHGB 
CBHGB 

^HSMYMÙG MGVH^GB HHII 

HHII 
HABNL^BFL  ^HSMYBFL  BT^LNBFL 
Glknrh  
Glknrh Tbtrmiml Klrbahs
Klrbahs   Haëbs Vbkbrb Hspmglzb @briëb 
Crbgimsil @briëb 
@lgzâahz
Ibr`l  
Ibr`l Mgsphitlr
Vhrrhgl 
Ohch fh Vhrrhgl  RB/RI  
Ohch RB/RI YYLKB 
Ohch YYLKB 
Cmsiba  
Cmsiba

Cmrkb
Cmrkb  

Chijb
Chijb   >0-2>->4>2
>0-2>->4>2   >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2   >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2  >0-2>->4>2
>0-2>->4>2  
 

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb > fh 22
22  

ËGFMIH 
ËGFMIH 

2. LNOHVMSL 9 
............................................................................................................................

>.  BAIBGIH 9 
.............................................................................................................................

9. FHYI^MTIMÙG 9 
....................................................................................................................

6.  BGBAMYMY FH ^MHY@LY ........

.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
........... 8 

8. KHFML BKN
KHFML BKNMHGVH
MHGVH..................
......................................
.........................................
.........................................
....................................
................ 3 
3. IABYMCMIBIMÙG FH ^HYMFXLY ......................................................................... 0  0 
0. T^HTB^BIMLG
T^HTB^B IMLG ] ^HYTXHYVB BGVH HKH^@HGIMB HKH^@HGIMB ........ ................
.................
.................
..............
...... : 
: 
:. CAXOL@^BKB BGVH HKH^@HG
HKH^@HGIMBY IMBY.........
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.............
.... = 
=. JLOB FH ^H@MY
^H@MYV^L
V^L ....................
........................................
........................................
.........................................
............................
....... 2> 
2> 
24. JLOB FH HSBAXB
HSBAXBIMLG
IMLG ........
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
................
........ 29
29  
 

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 9 fh 22
22  

2. LNOHVMSL 
LNOHVMSL 
Hstbnahihr ugb pbutb quh fhsirmnb ab clrkb ilkl shrâg bnlrfbfls als trbnbols fh
prhpbrbimùg fha thrrhgl, ilgstruiimùg y kbgthgimùg fh abs mgstbabimlghs fh cbhgbs
thkplrbahs b mkpahkhgtbr plr IG^ Ilgstruitmlg pbrb ab ‑ ^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als Hsthrls >,
^utb V-3:8‛ quh fhsbrrlaabrâ pbrb ha Kmgmsthrml fh Lnrbs Tÿnamibs.

>. BAIBGIH
BAIBGIH  
 Bpamib hg ab lphrbimùg fh abs mgstbab
mgstbabimlghs
imlghs fh cbhgb fhsfh als klvmkmhg
klvmkmhgtls
tls fh tmhrrb
ghihsbrmls jbstb als hkpbakhs haíitrmils y fh baibgtbrmaabfl, ilkl tbknmíg ab kbgthgimùg
plsthrmlr fh ístbs. 
ístbs. 

9. FHYI^MTIMÙG 
FHYI^MTIMÙG 

9.2 @hghrbamfbfhs. 
@hghrbamfbfhs. 
-  Ha trbnbol fh klgtboh fh abs mgstbabimlghs fh cbhgb ilkprhgfhrâ abs sm`umhgths bitmvmfbfhs? 
bitmvmfbfhs? 
  Gmvhabimùg y ilkpbitbi
ilkpbitbimùgmùg fh suphrcmimh
suphrcmimh  
  Fhsibr`b fh ilgthghflrhs.
ilgthghflrhs.  
  Klgtboh fhfh als ilgthghflrhs pbrb lcmimgbs.
lcmimgbs.  
  Mgstbabimlghs haíitrmi
haíitrmibs
bs mgthrmlrhs y hxthrmlrhs
hxthrmlrhs.. 
  Ilghxmlghs fh baibgtbrmaabfl.
baibgtbrmaabfl.  

9.> Gmvhabimùg fha thrrhgl. 

thrrhgl. 
-  Als trbnbols fh gmvhabimùg y prhpbrbimùg fha thrrhgl flgfh sh unmibrâg
unmibrâg abs lcmimgbs, tbaahrhs
y nlfh`bs, shrâ hohiutbfl plr phrslgba prlpml fh IG^ Ilgstruitmlg. 
Ilgstruitmlg.  

Lcmimgbs.  
9.9 Lcmimgbs.
  Yh mgstbabrâg ilgthghflrhs pbrb usbrals ilkl lcmimgbs, nlfh`bs,
- nlfh`bs, tbaahrhs y nbòls.
nbòls.  
  Abs mgstbabiml
- mgstbabimlghs
ghs quh sh usbrâg ilkl lcmimgbs pbrb ha phrslgba fh ab hkprhsb, sh
jbrâg khfmbgth ilgthghflrhs khtâamils bfqumrmfls plr IG^ Ilgstruitmlg. 
Ilgstruitmlg.  
  Abs cbhgbs fh fhsibr`b fh als ilgthghflrhs khtâamils sh hchitubrâg
- hchitubrâg hkpahbgfl ibkmùg
paukl l `rÿb jmfrâuamib fh ibpbimfbf bilrfh b ab bitmvmfbf. 
bitmvmfbf.  
   Abs lcmimgbs fh ab lnrb hstbrâg bklnabfbs bfhiubfbkhgth.
- bfhiubfbkhgth.  

jm`mígmils. 
9.6 Yhrvmimls jm`mígmils. 
   Yh fmsplgfrâg fh hg
shrvmimls
thrrhgljm`mígmils hgfrâ
nbsh
fh bnbòls
kùfuals (nbòlsyquëkmils).
quëkmils).  
-

- Tbrb ha phrslgba sh fmsplgfrâ

fmsplg quëkmils b`ub pltbnah
pltbnah khfmbgth
fmsphgsbflrhs.  
fmsphgsbflrhs.

9.6 Hxtmgtlrhs.
Hxtmgtlrhs.  
-  Yh mgstbabrâg hxtmgtlrhs fh mgihgfml hg gÿkhrl y ibamfbf bilrfh ilg abs ibrbithrë
ibrbithrëstmibs
stmibs fha
prlyhitl y fh biuhrfl b al mgfmibfl hg ha Fhirhtl G¿ 8=6. 
8=6.  

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 6 fh 22
22  

Ilkugmibimlghs. 
9.3 Ilkugmibimlghs. 
-  Tbrb abs ilkugmibimlghs hxthrgbs sh fmsplgfrâ
fmsplgfrâ fh thaíclgl ihauabr y ilrrhl hahitrùgmil. 
hahitrùgmil. 
-  Tbrb abs ilkugmibimlghs fhgtrl fh ab lnrb sh ilgthkpab ha usl
usl fh hqumpls fh rbfml.
rbfml.  

ilgtrlabfls.  
9.0 Biihsls ilgtrlabfls.
-  Ha biihsl shrâ tltbakhgth rhstrmg`mfl y ha phrslgba hxmsthgth hg pabgtb
pabgtb hstbrâ b ibr`l fh
hsth ilgtrla
i lgtrla.. 
-  Ibfb Yuphrvmslr y Ohch fh Vhrrhgl shrâg als hgibr`bfls
hgibr`bfls fh ilgtrlabr ha biihsl b sus ârhbs
ârhbs
fh trbnbol. 
trbnbol. 
-  Vlfl au`br flgfh sh kbgthg`b mgclrkbimùg ilgcmfhgimba fha prlyhitl shrâ ilgsmfhrbfb
ârhb rhstrmg`mfb. 
rhstrmg`mfb. 
-  Yh ilgsmfhrb ilgtrla ilvmf-
ilvmf-2=
2= ha iuba ilgsmsth hg tlkb fh thkphrbturb y rhvmsmùg fh
butlhvbaubimùg fmbrmb. 

ârhbs.  
9.: Ilgtrla fh prlthiimùg fh abs ârhbs. 
-  Ilg ha lnohtl fh prlth`hr y vm`mabr abs lnrbs,
lnrbs, y ab sh`urmfbf fh abs phrslgbs quh trbnbobg
hg haab l hg sus barhfhflrhs, sh prlvhhrâg y kbgthgfrâg nbrrhrbs, ahtrhrls fh shòbamzbimùg
y vm`mabgths, hg bquhaals au`brhs quh shb ghihsbrml y flgfh al rhqumhrb ab ah`msabimùg y
lrfhgbgzbs vm`hgths, abs butlrmfbfhs, flgfh guhstrb hkprhsb al rhqumhrb, bfhkâs fh abs
su`hrhgimbs fha KLT. 
KLT. 
-  Tbrb ha ilgtrla fh mg`rhsl fha phrslgba b abs ârhbs fh IG^ Ilgstruit
Ilgstruitmlg,
mlg, ha Ohch fh thrrhgl
mgfmibrâ ba phrslgba als au`brhs b als iubahs tmhghg biihsl y bquhaals quh tmhghg biihsl
rhstrmg`mfl. Tbrb hstl sh illrfmgbrâ prhvmbkhgth pbrb hstbnahihr fmijls au`brhs. 
au`brhs.  

9.= ^hiursls.
^hiursls.  
   Als trbnbols rhabimlgbfls ilg ab mgstbabi
mgstbabimùg
mùg fh cbhgb shrâg fhtbaabfls ba phrslgba
mgvlauirbfl khfmbgth ijbrabs fh 8 kmgutls b hchitubr hg thrrhgl plr ha Yuphrvmslr b ibr`l
fh als trbnbols fh klgtboh fh ab mgstbabimùg fh cbhgb, mgfmibgfl als rmhs`ls mgjhrhgths b ibfb
trbnbol.  
trbnbol.
  Ibfb Yuphrvmslr y/l Ibpbtbz kbgthgfrâ su ârhb fh trbnbol hg nuhgbs ilgfmimlghs fh lrfhg
-

y amkpmhzb. Tbrb hstl fhsm`gbrâ ba`ugbs phrslgbs, abs iubahs hg clrkb fmbrmb y hg als
jlrbrmls hstbnahimfls prlihfhrâg ilg als trbnbols fh lrfhg y amkpmhzb. Bfhkâs, fmsplgfrâ
hg au`brhs vmsmnahs fh abs shòbamzbimlghs ghihsbrmbs quh phrkmtbg kbgthghr hstbs
ilgfmimlghs.  
ilgfmimlghs.

9.24 Khfmlbknmhgth. 
Khfmlbknmhgth. 
Ha Aëfhr fh khfmlbknmhgtba y/l ha Trhvhgimùg fh rmhs`ls, jbrâ ug sh`umkmhgtl pbrb vhrmcmibr ha
iukpamkmhgtl fh abs bitmvmfbfhs rhabtmvbs ba iumfbfl fha khfml bknmhgth y abs rhstrmiimlghs
hxmsthgths
hxmsthgths ba rhsphitl.
rhsphitl.  
-  Tbrb als fhshijls mgfustrmbahs (Ym hs quh sh `hghrbg) fha tmpl mghrths fh ilgstruii
ilgstruiimùg
mùg
(fhshijls sùamfls mgfustrmbahs), sh fmsplgfrâg hg pbtmls fh bakbihgbkmhgtl ihribfls,
fhnmfbkhgth shòbamzbfls y fmshòbfls hsphimbakhgth pbrb hsth prlpùsmtl. Tlsthrmlrkhgth
hstls fhshijls sh rhtmrbrâg y aahvbrâg b nltbfhrls butlrmzbfls. Ha bilpml fh hstls 
hstls  

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,

^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 8 fh 22
22  

kbthrmbahs shrâ hg trâgsmtl, y sh hchitubrâ hg clrkb iabsmcmibfb,

iabsmcmi bfb, phrmùfmibkhgth sh hchitubrâ
lrfhgbkmhgtl y amkpmhzb, ilg ha lnohtl fh kbgthghrals hg abs kholrhs ilgfmimlghs fh
hstítmib. Hstls tmpls fh fhshijls slg ijbtbrrb, fhspugths fh kbfhrb, ibuijls, `lkbs,
paâstmils, rhstls fh kbthrmbahs fh ilgstruiimùg y ltrls gl iabsmcmibfls. 
iabsmcmibfls.  
-

  Nbsurb mglr`âgmib?
rhihptâiuals, ilrrhsplgfh
tbknlrhs l nmflghsb ilg
ab lrm`mgbfb hg thrrhgl
tbpbs y rltuabfls pbrby lcmimgbs
"Nbsurb",y sh
als fmsplgfrâ fh
iubahs shrâg
rhtmrbfls phrmùfmibkhgth y aahvbfls b nltbfhrls butlrmzbfls. 
butlrmzbfls. 
 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 

JCE-PY-4420 
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 3 fh 22
22  

^MHY@LY 
6.- BGBAMYMY FH ^MHY@LY 

BIVMSMFBF  
BIVMSMFBF ^MHY@LY BYLIMBFLY B AB V^BVBKMHGVL YH@X^L 
YH@X^L 
BIVMSMFBF  
BIVMSMFBF
2.- ^himnmr mgstruiimùg y tlkbr 2.2 Bitls y/l biimlghs 2.2 Kbgthghr hg thrrhgl y/l hg
ilglimkmhgtl fha prhshgth mgsh`urbs plr cbatb fh plfhr fh ab 
ab 
prlihfmkmhgtl.  
prlihfmkmhgtl. ilglimkmhgtl fh iùkl suphrvmsmùg b fmsplsmimùg fh als
fhsbrrlaabr ha trbnbol. 
trbnbol.  trbnbobflrhs hsth prlihfmkmhgtl. 
prlihfmkmhgtl. 
>.- Gmvhabimùg fha thrrhgl. 
thrrhgl.  >.2.- Btrlphaal.
Btrlphaal.   >.2.- Lphrbflrhs ihrtmcmibfls
i hrtmcmibfls.. 
Yh`rh`bimùg y shòbaítmib nmhg
unmibfb y ilkugmibfb b
ilgfuitlrhs.  
ilgfuitlrhs.
 >.>. Slaibkmhgtl. 
Slaibkmhgtl.  >.>. Ijbrab lphrbimlgba Ijlchrhs y
lphrbflrhs. Fmcusmùg fh Tabg fh
>.9.- Btrbpbkmhgtl.
Btrbpbkmhgtl.   Vrâgsmtl.  
Vrâgsmtl.
>.9.- Iursl ibpbimtbimùg b
shòbahrls. Fmcusmùg fh
rumfl.  
>.6.- Hxplsmimùg b rumfl. ^mhs`ls prhshgths. 
prhshgths. 
>.6.- Xsl fh HTT (tbplghs
>.8.- Hxplsmimùg b plavl. bufmtmvls).  
bufmtmvls).
>.3.- Ibëfbs fmstmgtl gmvha. 
gmvha.  >.8.- Kbgthghr Yuhals jÿkhfls.
>.3.- Fhkbribimùg y shòbaítmib pbrb 
pbrb 
gmvha.  
>.0.- Ibëfbs ba kmskl gmvha. mfhgtmcmibr fmstmgtls gmvhahs.
>.0.- Fhcmgmr pbsls phbtlgbahs. 
phbtlgbahs. 
9.- Fhsibr`b y klgtboh fh 9.2 Ibëfb fh ibr`b 9.2.- Gl unmibrsh nbol ibr`b
ilgthghflrhs pbrb lcmimgbs susphgfmfb.  
susphgfmfb. susphgfmfb. Shrmcmibimùg hstbfl
y nlfh`bs. 
nlfh`bs.  vhjëiual. 
9.> Slaibkmhgtl fha vhjëiual.  fh hqumpl fh ahvbgth. 
ahvbgth. 
9.9 Btrbpbkmhgtl fh [Link].   9.>.- Lphrbflr ihrtmcmibfl
ihrtmcmibfl..
9.6 @laphs plr.
plr.   9.9.- Ijbrab lphrbimlgba b  b 
9.8 Ijlquhs ilgtrb.
ilgtrb.   trbnbobflrhs.
trbnbobflrhs.  
9.6.- Xsl fh vmhgtls bfhiubfls.
9.8.- Shrmcmibr ilgfmimlghs 
ilgfmimlghs 
iamkâtmibs bgths fh hohiutbr ab
kbgmlnrb. Kbgmlnrbs fmrm`mfbs
plr ^m``hr. 
^m``hr. 
6.- Mgstbabiml
Mgstbabimlghs
ghs haíitrmibs. 
haíitrmibs.  6.2 Ibëfbs fh fmstmgtl gmvha.
gmvha.   6.2 Ijbrab slnrh usl ilrrhitl fh
6.> Jhrmfbs hg kbgls.
kbgls.   hsibabs. Xsbr brgís fh
haíitrmil.  
6.9 Yjlie haíitrmil. sh`urmfbf slnrh 2.: k.  k. 
6.> Xsl fh `ubgths bfhiubfls ba
trbnbol  
trbnbol
6.9 Haíitrmil butlrmzbfl pbrb 
pbrb 

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-2>->4>2 
>0-2>->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 0 fh 22
22  

hchitubr mgstbabimùg. Xtmamzbr

smsthkb fh nalquhl. 
nalquhl. 
8.- Kbgthgimùg fh abs 8.2.- Trhshgimb fh mgshitls y 8.2.- Bshbr abs mgstbabimlghs
mgstbabimlghs.  
mgstbabimlghs. rlhflrhs.  
rlhflrhs. phrmùfmibkhgth.  
phrmùfmibkhgth.
8.>.- Ibëfbs b ug kmskl gmvha.
gmvha.   8.>.- Lrfhgbr abs mgstbabimlghs y
kbgthghr  
pbsmaals fhsphobfls. Kbgthghr
 maukmgbimùg bfhiubfb 
bfhiubfb 

BKNMHGVH 
8.- KHFML BKNMHGVH 

CBHGB  
MGYVBABIMÙG FH CBHGB

BKNMVL 
BKNMVL  FHYI^MTIMÙG 
FHYI^MTIMÙG  YM
YM   G GB
GB   KHFMFBY KMVM@BIMÙG
KMVM@BIMÙG  
L 
Hkmsmlghs ba bmrh
bmrh   Fh `bshs plr fëb. 
Yh hxm`mrâ rhvmsmùg tíigmib ba fëb. 
hqumpls hg
ilknustmùg  
ilknustmùg cugimlgbkmhgtl 
Yh prljmnmrâ cugimlgbkmhgtl 
mgghihsbrml fha hqumpl 
hqumpl 
Tlavl hg 
hg  Yh jukhitbrâ ilgstbgthkhgth ha
susphgsmùg plr ârhb.  
ârhb.
cbhgbs  
cbhgbs
Ilgtbkmgbimùg fh Fhrrbkh fh ^hvmsmùg tíigmib ba fëb. 
fëb. 
suhals  
suhals bihmths l
ilknustmnahs  
ilknustmnahs ^hvmsmùg fmbrmb fha hqumpl. Ijhie
Amst  
Amst
@hghrbimùg fh  B`ubs shrvmfb
shrvmfbss  Yh usbrâ nbòl quëkmil 
quëkmil 
^MAHY  
^MAHY
@hghrbimùg fh Nbsurb lr`âgmib
lr`âgmib   Hgvël b nltbfhrl butlrmzbfl 
butlrmzbfl 
^MYHY  
^MYHY
mglr`âgmib  
Nbsurb mglr`âgmib Hgvël b nltbfhrl butlrmzbfl
butlrmzbfl  
^hstls aëtmils
aëtmils   Hgvël b nltbfhrl butlrmzbfl
butlrmzbfl  

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-46->4>2 
>0-46->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 24 fh 22

3.- IABYMCMIBIMÙG
IABYMCMIBIMÙ G FH ^HYMFXLY
^HYMFXLY  
 Ha `hghrbflr fh ug rhsmful hs ha rhsplgsbnah fh ab ilrrhitb sh`rh`bimùg hg ha lrm`hg, sh`ÿg ab
sm`umhgth iabsmcmibimùg? 
iabsmcmibimùg? 

   ^hsmfuls fh ilkmfb.
ilkmfb.  
^hsmful Flkístmil 
Flkístmil     Kbthrmbahs fh hknbaboh.
hknbaboh.  
   Tbphahs, hgvlatlrmls y hgvbshs fhshijbnahs fh
bamkhgtls hg ilgshrvb. 
ilgshrvb. 

   Kbfhrb,
Kbfhrb, ijbtbrrbs, vmfrmls, ilgirhtl,
ilgirhtl, prlfuitls
prlfuitls fh
^hsmful Mgfustrmbahs Gl Tham`rlsl
Tham`rlsl   fhklamimùg, kbthrmbahs fh ilgstruiimùg, tunhrëbs fh
TSI, ibòhrëbs, cmatrls fh bmrh y b`ub pbrb kltlrhs,
kbg`bs fh vhgtmabimùg, rhstls fh ilrrhbs
trbgsplrtbflrbs, algbs, tunhrëbs fh JFTH, rhstls fh
khknrbgb,
khknrbg b, `hlthxtmahs, , tbknlrhs y thxtmahs. 
thxtmahs. 

^himiabnahs 
^hsmful ^himiabnahs 

   Tbphahs, ibrtlghs, abtbs fh nhnmfbs y nlthaabs

paâstmibs.  
paâstmibs.

   Nbthrëbs gëquha-ibfkml (rbfmls plrtâtmahs).

plrtâtmahs).  

  HTT ilgtbkmgbfls.
ilgtbkmgbfls.  
   Kbfhrb ilgtbkmgbfb.
ilgtbkmgbfb.  
Tham`rlsl 
^hsmful Mgfustrmba Tham`rlsl     Hgvbshs ilg rhstls fh aunrmibgths.
aunrmibgths.  
   Hgvbshs ilg rhstls fh rhbitmvls.
rhbitmvls.  
   Hgvbshs ilg rhstls fh slavhgths.
slavhgths.  
   Vmhrrb l brhgb l bshrrëg ilgtbkmgbfl.
ilgtbkmgbfl.  
   Vunls caulrhsihgths
caulrhsihgths.. 
   Cmatrls fh bihmths frhgbfls.
frhgbfls.  
   Hgvbshs fh bhrlsla.
bhrlsla.  
   Ltrls. 
Ltrls. 

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-46->4>2 
>0-46->4>2 
 FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 24 fh 22

0. T^HTB^BIMLG ] ^HYTXHYVB BGVH HKH^@HGIMB 

HKH^@HGIMB 

 B trbvís fha Fhpbrtbkhg

Fhpbrtbkhgtltl fh Trhvhg
Trhvhgimùg
imùg fh ^mhs`ls y K. Bknmhgth sh bgbam
bgbamzbrâg
zbrâg als trbnbols y
ilgfmimlghs hsphiëcmibs fh lnrb quh furbgth sus lphrbimlghs sh puhfhg fhsbrrlaabr. 
fhsbrrlaabr.  

b) Tabg fh Hkhr`hgimb fh Lnrb? Ab ilgchiimùg fha ‑Tabg fh Hkhr`hgimb‛ sh rhbamzbrâ

ilgsmfhrbgfl als rhqumsmtls fha iamhgth. Hsth shrâ bitubamzbfl phrmùfmibkhgth, fmcugfmhgfl
b trbvís fh rhugmlghs l ijbrabs abs plsmnahs hkhr`hgimbs bknmhgtbahs quh sh puhfhg
fhsbrrlaabr hg ha prlyhitl. 
prlyhitl. 

n) Hstbimlghs fh Hkhr`hgimb Bknmhgtba? Ab hstbimùg fh hkhr`hgimb bknmhgtba hstâ

fhstmgbfb prmgimpbakhgth b obuabs ilg ilgthgimùg fh aëqumfls, yb shbg sustbgimbs y rhsmfuls
pham`rlsls aëqumfls. Hg ha ibsl fh ibkmùg bnbsthihflr fh ilknustmnah fhnh iukpamr fh m`uba
clrkb ilg hsth
hst h rhquhrmkmhgtl. Bfhkâs, sh ilgsmfhrbrâ
i lgsmfhrbrâ ug emt bgtm
b gtm fhrrbkhs
fhrrbk hs (hahkhgtls
bnslrnhgths, `ubths fh gmtrmal, pbab, nlasb fh rhsmfuls  

Bitubamzbim ùg fha Tabg fh Hkhr`hgimbs? Yh ilgsmfhrb bitubamzbr ha pabg fh rhspuhstb bgth

i) Bitubamzbimùg
hkhr`hgimbs ibfb vhz quh abs imriugstbgimbs lphrbimlgbahs fhrmvhg hg ug guhvl pham`rl gl
mfhgtmcmibfl ilg bgthrmlrmfbf, l ab rhspuhst
rhspuhstbb hxbkmgbfb b trbvís fh als smkuabirls gl shb ab
bfhiubfb.  
bfhiubfb.

f) Mgimfhgths Bknmhgtbahs?  Bgth ab liurrh

liurrhgimb
gimb fh ug mgimfhgth bknmhg
bknmhgtba
tba sh fhnhrâ bitmvbr
ha ‑Tabg fh Hkhr`hgimb‛. Tlsthrmlr b liurrmfl ha hvhgtl sh fhnhrâ `hghrbr ha rhsphitmvl
mgclrkh fh mgimfhgth hg ha iuba sh rhbamzbrâ ug bgâamsms ibusba y sh fhthrkmgbrâg abs biimlghs
ilrrhitmvbs. Abs ahiimlghs bprhgfmfbs fhnhrâg shr fmcugfmfbs b tlfl ha phrslgba 
phrslgba  

 
Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420 
JCE-PY-4420 
 ^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-46->4>2 
>0-46->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 24 fh 22

0. JLOB FH ^H@MYV^L
^H@MYV^L  

ILGV^LA FH BYMYVHGIMB 

VHKB? Mgfuiimùg fh Bamghbkmhgtl Ilrplrbtmvl Ijbrab fh 8 kmgutls

Lnam`bimùg fh Mgclrkbr als ^mhs`ls Abnlrbahs Ijbrabs Mgth`rbahs  

Ibpbimtbimlghs Mgthrgbs Ltrl?

Fhsirmpimùg fh ab Bitmvmfbf?  

Chijb?  / / Lnrb / Xgmfbf? Furbimùg? 

C B S L^ ILK TAHV B^ ILG AHV ^B MK T^ HG V B  

G´  GLKN^H  BTHAAMFLTBVH^GL  BTHAAMFL KBVH^GL  IB^@L  ^XV  CM^KB 

2 

> 

9 

6 

8 

3 

0 

: 

= 

24 

22 

2> 

29 

26 

28 

23 

20 

2: 

2= 

>4 

>2 

>> 

>9 

>6 

>8 

HZTLYMVL^? CM^KB? 

GLVB? Ba cmrkbr hsth fliukhgtl, ihrtmc mil jbnhr rhimnmfl mgfuiimùg, ibpbimtbimùg l ijbrab slnrh ha thkb rhc hrmfl, bfhkâs, fhiabrl jbnhr hgthgfmfl y gl thghr fufbs
rhsphitl b als thkbs hxpamibfls. Kh ilkprlkhtl b iukpamr ilg abs khfmfbs mgstrumfbs y illphrbr hg jbihrabs iukpamr, plr al tbgtl, shrâ fh km hxiausmvb  
rhsplgsbnmamfbf ha mgcrmg`mr abs glrkbs hstbnahimfbs.  

 
 

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-4420

JCE-PY-4420  
 ^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >,
^XVB V-3:8 Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-
44>8  
44>8
44N 
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44N 
‑T^LIHFMKMHGVL MGYVBABIMLG
>0-46->4>2 
Chijb Hkmsmùg? >0-46->4>2 
FH CBHGB‛ 
Tâ`mgb 22 fh 22

:. JLOB FH HSBAXBIMLG FHA T^LIHFMKMHGVL ‑MGYVBABIMLG  FH CBHGB‛ 

Glknrh? Ibr`l?
^XV? CHIJB? GLVB?

2.- ¼Ruí sh fhnh jbihr bgths fh ilkhgzbr ab bitmvmfbf<

b.- Illrfmgbr ilg ha ilkpbòhrl fh trbnbol. 

trbnbol.  
n.- ^hvmsbr als hqumpls. 
i.- Tabgmcmibr ab tbrhb.
f.- Ylal b y i. 
bgthrmlrhs. 
h.- Gmg`ugb fh abs bgthrmlrhs. 

>.- ¼Bgths fh plghr hg cugimlgbkmhgtl abs kbqumgbrmbs, quh fhnl jbihr<

b.- Ilgchiimùg fh B^V. 

Amst. 
n.- Ilgchiimùg fh Ijhie Amst. 
i.- Shrmcmibr ibgtmfbf fh ilknustmnah.
f.- Trh`ugtbrah b ba`ÿg ilkpbòhrl. 
ilkpbòhrl. 

9.- Khgimlgh quh fliukhgtls fhnh thghr bgths fh ilkhgzbr ug trbnbol. 

trbnbol. 

6.- ¼Hg ugb kbgmlnrb fh mzboh, ¼qumíg kh puhfh butlrmzbr b mg`rhsbr l iruzbr ha ârhb fh mzboh<  
b. ’ Iubaqumhr Yuphrvmslr. 
Yuphrvmslr. 
n. ’ Ha Lphrbflr fha hqumpl. 
hqumpl. 
i. ’ Ha ^m``hr. 
^m``hr. 
f. ’ Ha B^V kh bvbab pbrb pbsbr l iruzbr. 
iruzbr.  

Cbasl  
8.- Shrfbfhrl l Cbasl

Kh puhfl bihribr b ugb kbqumgb hg klvmkmhgtl.

klvmkmhgtl.  

Ab ijbrab fh 8 kmgutls smrvh pbrb sbnhr quh fhnl y ilkl hohiutbr, furbgth ab olrgbfb fh trbnbol.  

Ym gl thg`l iabrb ugb bitmvmfbf ab jb`l ilkl kh pbrhih kholr.

kholr.  

Ym vhl quh ugb phrslgb hstâ hg km rbfml fh biimùg, ilgtmgul ilg prhibuimùg.
prhibuimùg.  
Ilg km amihgimb kugmimpba l Mgthrgb puhfl lphrbr ugb kbqumgb l ilgfuimr vhjëiual m`uba. 
m`uba.  
 

 
 

 
 

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

‑

KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 2 fh = 

MGYV^XIVMSL
‑ CBN^MIBIMÙG
CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH KLAFBOHY   ‛

HABNL^BFL BT^LNBFL
Glknrh Tbtrmiml Klrbahs Crbgimsil @briëb

Ibr`l Ohch fh Vhrrhgl Mgsphitlr Cmsiba

Cmrkb
 Chijb 24-2>->4>2 24-2>->4>2

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

‑

KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb > fh = 

ËGFMIH

2. LNOHVMSL

>. KHVLFLAL@MB y ^HIX^YLY GHIHYB^MLY

9. YH@X^MFBF ] YBAXF LIXTBIMLGBA

6. BFOXGVLY
 

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

‑ Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 9 fh = 

2.- Hsth mgstruitmvl hs hkmtmfl pbrb hstbnahihr ha ilgtrla fha prlihsl fh ‑Cbnrmibimùg h
Mgstbabimùg fh Klafbohs‛, hg als shitlrhs fh hxplsmimùg fha prlyhitl ^hplsmimùg Tuhgth Als
Hsthrls >, ^utb V-3:8.

Ha prhshgth Mgstruitmvl sh bpamibrâ ilkl `uëb pbrb ha fhsbrrlaal y ilgtrla fh tlfbs bitmvmfbfhs
y rmhs`ls mgvlauirbfls hg ab bitmvmfbf fh Cbnrmibimùg h Mgstbabimùg fh Klafbohs, hsth mgstruitmvl
sh rm`h nbol abs glrkbs, YYLKB y fha prlihfmkmhgtl fh Lnrbs Imvmahs,

>.- KHVLFLAL@MB FH V^BNBOL

b) Yh trbgsplrtbrâg b pugtls fh trbnbol fhsfh bilpml hg fhphgfhimbs fh ab hk
hkprhsb,
prhsb, sh`ÿg
prlihfmkmhgtls y hsphimcmibimlghs fhcmgmfbs plr ha KLT.

n) Yh prlihfhrâ b biukuabr kbthrmbahs ihrib ba ârhb fh trbnbol,

trbnbol, sh prliurbrâ
prliurbrâ iunrmr ab ibgtmfbf sucmimhgth
sucmimhgth
fh kbthrmba pbrb gl rhbamzbr flnah hscuhrzl fh rhiursls.

i) Thrslgba fh IG^ Ilgstruitmlg

Ilgstruitmlg rhbamzbrâ ab rhihpimùg fha kbthrmba
kbthrmba y rhbamzbrâ ab fhsibr`b h mgstbabimùg
fh hsth hg shitlr fhcmgmfl.

f) Trhvml b ab ilalibimùg
ilalibimùg fh klafbohs sh fhnh al`rbr quh ab suphrcmimh fh bplyl hstí bfhiubfbkhgth
prhpbrbfb.

h) Yh rhbamzbrâ ab amkpmhzb rhsphitmvb,

rhsphitmvb, hxibvbimùg fh ibpb vh`htba h mgbfhiubfb, fhklamimùg fh
hstruiturbs l kbthrmbahs hxmsthgths, hstls trbnbols sh rhbamzbrâg ilg kbqumgbrëb l hg clrkb kbguba.

c) Ab mgstbabimùg fh klafbohs ilkhgzbrâ

ilkhgzbrâ plsthrmlr
plsthrmlr ba ahvbgtbkmhgtl tlpl`râcmil, hg ha
ha shitlr b rhbamzbr
rhbamzbr
ha kholrbkmhgtl.
 `) Ha `hlthxtma sh mgstbabrâ pbrb ilgtrlabr
ilgtrlabr ab mkphrkhbnmamfbf jbimb abs hstruiturbs.

j) Ab mgstbabimùmg fh klafbohs sh rhbamzbrâ fhsfh ab nbsh jbimb ab suphrcmimh, ilalibgfl abs

abs pmhzbs ugb
plr ugb fh klfl quh sh ilalibrbg hg ab pbrth mgchrmlr y bsihgfmhgfl fh clrkb `rbfuba. 

m)  Xgb vhz brkbfl ha kurl fh klafbohs sh prlihfhrâ b bahobr ha hqumpl pbrb ilgtmgubr ilg ha rhaahgl
fh ab pabtbclrkb fhsfh ab pbrth suphrmlr.

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

‑ Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 6 fh = 

 o) Yh prlihfh b ab fhsibr`b fha kbthrmba fh rhaahgl

rhaahgl fh kbghrb lrfhgbfb y sh unmibrb hg ibpbs
pbrbahabs b ab suphrcmimh, fh hsphslr ugmclrkh pbrb phrkmtmr ugb nuhgb ilkpbitbimùg. Abs fmstmgtbs
ibpbs sh ilgslamfbrâg suihsmvbkhgth ugmfbs ibfb ugb b ab bgthrmlr, smg quh trbgsiurrb kuijl
tmhkpl hgtrh ibpbs pbrb hvmtbr quh ab kbsb sh shquh l ilkmhgih b crb`ubr. 

e)  Xgb vhz quh ha kbthrmba jbyb ilkpahtbfl tlfb ab pabtbclrkb, sh rhbamzbrâ ugb rhvmsmùg ilg
hqumpls tlpl`râcmils pbrb ilkprlnbr quh ab iltb fh aahgbfl shb iukpamfb, pbrb prlihfhr b rhbamzbr

ha trbtbkmhgtl fh jlrkm`ùg ilrrhsplgfmhgth.

a)  Ha prlihsl fh fhsimknrh fh hahkhgtls jlrmzlgtbahs fhnh shr rhbamzbfl iubgfl ha jlrkm`ùg jb
baibgzbfl ugb rhsmsthgimb sucmimhgth pbrb hvmtbr fhclrkbimlghs hxihsmvbs plr ibr`bs fh phsl prlpml
hg ha jlrkm`ùg, quh ah mgfuzibg kbylrhs fhcahxmlghs quh abs ibaiuabfbs plr fmshòl.
fmshòl.

VLFL FHYTAB_BKMHGVL FH SHJMIXALY ]/L HRXMTLY BA MGVH^ML^ FHA YHIVL^ FH

LTH^BIMÙG FHNH^B YH^ ILL^FMGBFL BV^BSHY FH TBAHVH^LY XNMIBFLY
HGIBFB TXGVL FH ILGV^LA BYM@GBFL.
 BGVHY FH MG@^HYB^ L ^HVM^B YH FH AB _LGB SBIMBFL ]/L LTH^BIMLGBA FHNH^B
HYTH^B^ AB BXVL^M_BIMLG TB^B YX FHYTAB_BKMHGVL.

>.2.- ^HIX^YLY GHIHYB^MLY.

  Yuphrvmslr fh Vhrrhgl.
   Ibpbtbz.
  Kbhstrls
  Byufbgths
  Yhòbahrl

  Ijùchrhs.
  Lphrbflr

>.2.2 Hqumpls, Jhrrbkmhgtbs h Mgsukls.

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

‑ Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 8 fh = 

  Ibkmlghtb
  Ibkmùg kmxhr
  Ibkmùg nlknb
  Ibkmùg paukb

>.2.> Hqumpls fh Trlthiimùg Thrslgba.

  Ibsil fh sh`urmfbf.
  _bpbtls fh sh`urmfbf.
  Ahgths sh`urmfbf jhrkítmil.
  @ubgths fh TSI.
  Ijbahil rhcahitbgth.
  Trlthiimùg bufmtmvb.
  ^hspmrbflr flnah vëb pbrb pplavl
lavl (l kmxtl hg ibsl fh shr ghihsbrml)
  Nalquhbflr slabr.
  Ibazbfl fh sh`urmfbf.
  Ilgtbr hg ha ârhb fh trbnbol abvb lols.

9.- Bgâamsms fh ^mhs`ls hg ha Vrbnbol?

YHIXHGIMB FH
^MHY@LY TLVHGIMBAHY KHFMFBY FH ILGV^LA
V^BNBOL
2.- Vrbsabfl fha Thrslgba ba 2.2.- Ibkmlghtb l vhjëiuals fh 2.2.2.- Yh fhnh rhbamzbr ug ijhquhl
i jhquhl ilkpahtl fh ab ibkmlghtb
Tugtl fh Vrbnbol. trbgsplrth fh phrslgba hg kba l vhjëiual fh trbgsplrth b utmamzbr, utmamzbgfl pbrb hsth cmg
hstbfl (ijlquh, vlaibkmhgtl, clrkbtl amstb fh ijhquhl, ha iuâa fhnh shr cmrkbfl plr ab
ilamsmùg, btrlphaal). phrslgb rhsplgsbnah fha hqumpl, suphrvmslr, sm ab ibkmlghtb
l vhjëiual fh trbgsplrth prhshgtbrb ba`ÿg prlnahkb hstb fhnh
shr rhpbrbfb hg clrkb mgkhfmbtb l su jbnhr rhbamzbr ug
ibknml fh vhjëiual.
 2.2.>.- Ha ilgfuitlr fha vhjëiual fhnh ilgtbr ilg tlfb su
fliukhgtbimùg ba fëb (amihgimb kugmimpba  ’ amihgimb mgthrgb).

2.>.2.- ^hsphtbr ab shòbamzbimùg fha trâgsmtl.

2.>.- Hxihsl fh
vlaibkmhgtl, vhalimfbf
ilamsmùg, btrlphaal). 2.>.>.- Ilglimkmhgtl
(ijlquh, 2.>.9.- Vrbgsmtbr plr ibkmgls jbnmamtbfls
fh abs vëbs y butlrmzbfls.
fh biihsl.
2.>.6.- Tabg fh Vrbgsmtl
2.>.8.- Tabg fh cbtm`b y slkglahgimb
2.>.3.- Ilglihr ha KHTM fha ârhb fh trbnbol b mgthrvhgmr.

2.9.- Mg`rhsl b ârhbs fh trbnbol smg 2.9.2.- Bgths fh mg`rhsbr b ug ârhb fhnh hxmstmr ha phrkmsl
prltlilal fh hgtrh`b. ilrrhsplgfmhgth fha fuhòl fha ârhb hgtrh`bfl vëb rbfmba l

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^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
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^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

‑ Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 3 fh = 

vhrnba. Fh m`uba clrkb ug prltlilal fh hgtrh`b fh ârhb y YMB

bprlnbfb.
2.9.>.- Vrbgsmtbr plr ibkmgls butlrmzbfls y jbnmamtbfls.
>. Mgsphiimlgbr ha ârhb b >.2. Ilgfmimlghs y/l biimlghs >.2.2. Mgsphiimlgbr ârhb plr pbrth fh suphrvmsmùg, prhpbrbr,
mgthrvhgmr, rhimnmr sunhstâgfbrhs plr cbatbr b abs ilgsuatbr y kbgthghr hg thrrhgl b fmsplsmimùg fh tlfls als
mgstruiimùg, tlkb fh glrkbtmvbs mgthrgbs fh guhstrl trbnbobflrhs ha Mgstruitmvl fh trbnbol sh`url hstbnahimfl pbrb
ilglimkmhgtl fha prhshgth kbgfbgth bihrib fha iùkl ab hohiuimùg fh ab bitmvmfbf, bgâamsms fh rmhs`ls hg ha trbnbol,
mgstruitmvl, cmrkb fh rh`mstrl fhsbrrlaabr ha trbnbol y gmvhahs fh ijbrab lphrbimlgba, pabgls fh thrrhgl. Ijhquhls fh
fh fmcusmùg. irmtmimfbf fh ârhb. kbqumgbrmbs b utmamzbr.

9. Bitmvmfbfhs prhvmbs b ab 9.2. Btrlphaal, biimfhgths 9.2.2. Vlkb fh ilglimkmhgtl fha pabg fh sh`urmfbf fh IG^
mgthrvhgimùg fh ab vhjmiuabrhs hg ab ^utb. Ilgstruitmlg bgâamsms fh rmhs`ls y ab ijbrab lphrbimlgba
suphrcmimh (shòbamzbimùg fh Fhsilglimkmhgtl fha ilrrhsplgfmhgth b tlfl ha phrslgba ha iuba mgthrvhgfrâ hg ha
ab ^utb). prlihfmkmhgtl fh sh`urmfbf, ârhb. Yh fhnh ilgtbr ilg rh`mstrl cmrkbfl.
rh`abkhgtls y glrkbtmvbs mgthrgbs
fh guhstrl kbgfbgth. 9.2.>. Mkpahkhgtbr Tabg fh trâgsmtl fha ârhb fh trbnbol. Ilg
tlfb ab shòbamzbimùg quh ilrrhsplgfh y ilrth fh ibkmgl, fh
biuhrfl ilg ha Kbguba fh Ibrrhthrbs.
 

Iùfm`l Iamhgth? JCE-PY-44>> 

^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
^XVB V-3:8
^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

‑ Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2

  MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb 0 fh = 

6.- Mgstbabimùg fh klafbohs 6.2. Gl ilgsmfhrbr `hghrbamfbfhs 6.2.2. Kbgthghr ârhb sh`rh`bfb.
fh usl fh als hqumpls 6.2.>. Ylal lphrbflr ibpbimtbfl y butlrmzbfl puhfh utmamzbr
als hqumpls ilrrhsplgfmhgths.
6.2.9. ^h bnbsthihr fh ilknustmnah ilg hqumpl hg crël y
fhthgmfl.
6.2.6 Kbgthghr nbgfhobs fh ilgthgimùg fh fhrrbkhs ba
ibr`br ilknustmnah.

6.>. Btrbpbkmhgtl 6.>.2. Gl bnbgflgbr ab kâqumgb ilg ha kltlr hg kbrijb,

fhobrab jlrmzlgtba y crhgbfb. Bthgfhr smhkprh ba shgtmfl fh ab
kbrijb.
6.>.>. Fbr
6.>.9. Gl trbnbobr ilg hqumpls
ha kbgthgmkmhgtl hg smtubimùg
ilgclrkh fh bvhrëb.
ba kbguba fh ab
kâqumgb.
6.>.6. Gl lphrbr ab kâqumgb smg su `ubrfb.
6.>.8. Gl fhnhr â̂â̂ hstbr phrfmhgfl bihmth y/l ilknustmnah.
6.>.3. Kbgthghr hg nuhgbs ilgfmimlghs ab iabvmob y utmamzbr
ibnah fh ugb slab pmhzb.
6.>.0. HTT @ubgths fh sh`urmfbf.
6.>.:. Xsl fh prlthiimùg fh ibazbfl fh sh`urmfbf khtbtbrsl.
6.>.= Bpamibr HfI Mgthrbiimùg ilg pbrths kùvmahs.

6.9.2. Xsl HTT prlthiimùg bufmtmvb, `ubgths fh sh`urmfbf.

6.9. ^umfl y vmnrbimlghs. 6.9.>. Kbgthghr plsturb ilg hspbafb rhitb y nmhg slsthgmfb ab
kâqumgb, fh klfl fh gl phrkmtmr quh ha hqumpl trbnboh smg
lphrbflr.
6.9.9. ^hbamzbr pbusbs bitmvbs pbrb fmsthgfhr abs
hxtrhkmfbfhs.
6.9.6. ^ltbimùg ilg ltrl lphrbflr ibamcmibfl.
6.6. Bpabstbkmhgtl. [Link]`rbimlg fha ârhb fh trbnbol fh kbqumgbrmb.
6.6.>.Ilkugmibimùg ^bfmba hgtrh lphrbflr y Yuphrvmslr fh ab
tbrhb.
[Link] mg`rhsbr b ârhbs sh`rh`bfbs smg butlrmzbimùg y
hsphrbr quh lphrbflr fhthg`b su hqumpls

6.8. Tlsturb clrzbfb y 6.8.2 Ha trbnbobflr fbrâ bvmsl fh clrkb mgkhfmbtb b suphrvmslr
slnrhhscuhrzl. sm prhshgtb ba`ugb klahstmb l rhqumhrh fh fhsibgsl.
6.8.> Als trbnbobflrhs gl plfrâg hxihfhr als >8 e`.
 6.3. @laphbfl plr 6.3.2Vlfl ha phrslgba bohgl b ab bitmvmfbf fhnhrâ hstbr cuhrb
fha phrëkhtrl fh sh`urmfbf

8. ^htmrl fha ârhb fh 8.2 Ibëfb ba kmskl gmvha 8.2.2. Kbgthghr vëbs fh trâgsmtl phbtlgba fhsphobfbs, lrfhg
trbnbol. 8.>^hsmfuls y fhslrfhg hg ha y bshl hg tlfl klkhgtl hg ha au`br fh trbnbol.
au`br fh trbnbol. 8.>.2. ^hbamzbr sh`rh`bimùg fh rhsmfuls hg ilgthghflrhs
i lgthghflrhs
ilrrhsplgfmhgths.

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^HTLYMIMÙG TXHGVH ALY HYVH^LY >, Iùfm`l Mgthrgl? IG^-T^L-4468 
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^hvmsmùg G¿? 44B 

 
‑
MGYV^XIVMSL CBN^MIBIMÙG H MGYVBABIMÙG FH Chijb Hkmsmùg? 24-2>->4>2
KLAFBOHY   ‛

Tâ`mgb : fh = 

Jhrrbkmhgtbs Trhvhgtmvbs?
2. Thrkmsl fh trbnbol sh`url, sm ilrrhsplgfh,
ilrrhsplgfh, hsphiëcmibkhgth pbrb ab amnhrbimùg fh ârhbs bgths
bgths fh hxibvbr.
>. B^V, Bgâamsms fh rmhs`l fh ab Vbrhb
9. Hstrbth`mbs fh Ilgtrla bpamibnahs ba trbnbol.
6. ^h`mstrls fh Mgsphiimùg pbrb hqumpls, HTT.
8. Ijbrab fh 8 kmgutls.
3. Thrkmsls ba fëb.
0. Shrmcmibimùg fha hstbfl
hstbfl fh als hqumpls y jhrrbkmhgtbs plr khfml
khfml fh Ijhie amst.