Grammar 1A have ‘Underline the main verb in the sentences. 1 My brother has a job with a big multinational company. 2 He has only worked for them for a few months, 3. The company has got offices around the world. 4 He doesn’t have his own office yet 5 He has to work very long hours 6 He doesn’t have much free time anymore. 7 He has a lot of meetings with clients from different countries. ‘8 He has to speak English a lot for his job. Grammar 1B have Are the sentences correct or incorrect? Circle your answer. 1 Many banks has their main offices in the city centre. Correct / Incorrect 2. Most workers have to commute from the suburbs. Correct / Incorrect 3 They've to travel for several hours every day. Correct / Incorrect 4 On the crowded buses and trains, a lot of people have got to stand. Correct / Incorrect 5 Many workers haven't time for a proper lunch break. Correct Incorrect 6 They have to grab a sandwich and eat it at their desk Correct / Incorrect 7 Many offices have their own sandwich shop, Correct / Incorrect 8 So staff haven't even to leave the building. Correct / Incorrect Grammar 2A Modal verbs Match the modal verbs 1-5 with their meanings a-e. 1 When you join the sports club, you have to fill out a form. 2 New members must have an induction before using the gym equipment. 4 You can join any of the classes, including yoga, Pilates and aerobics. 4 You don’t have to wear special clothing, just something comfortable. 5 Children under 12 can’t use the pool without an adult a. its possible b itsnecessary € itisn't necessary 4 itsarule © itisn'tallowed Grammar 2B Modal verbs Complete the sentences with the correct words, 1 Running is great exercise and you don’t bave to buy / don’t have buy lors of expensive equipment. 2 You can running / can run at any time, you barven’s to sign I don’t bave 10 sign up for a special class. 3 When the weather’ bad, you cam alzays train / can be akways training on a running machine. 4 Torunamarathon, you have 19 doing / have to daa lot of raining. You must wear / must to wear good trainers that fit you properly. 6 You must not going / mustn't go out running if you have an injury.Work & Leisure Grammar 3A Grammar 3B -ing forms -ing forms Use the ing forms of the verbs in the box to label the Complete the job profile with the correct form of the activities. verbs in the box. cook cycle jog ski snowboard do enjoy lean mind sit stand | swim | work write 1 You're good at____as part ofa team. 2 You meeting people. 3. You're tired of. behind a desk all day. 4 You dislike ___ the same things every day. s You don't _____ravelling for work. 6 You're interested in_______new skill. 7 You can’t _ missing deadlines. 5 for our new travel website might be for you Grammar 4A Present perfect Complete the sentences with the past participle form of the verbs in brackets. Odile has (1) _____ (Ge) a midwife for more than ten years and she’ (2) __ (deliver) thousands of babies, Several mothers have (3) ace (choose) to call their baby gicls Odile after her. ‘Chet has (4) —___ (drive) his truck all over the US, but he’s never (5) —__ (bave) an accident. As a journalist, Damien has (6) ________ (meet) a lot of famous people, he’s (7) _____ (speak) to top politicians and he’ (8) ___ (write) stories about important world events,Work & Leisure Grammar 4B Grammar 6 Present perfect, have been and Mixed verb forms have gone Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. Complete the conversations with the correct word. 1 before / you / skied / ever / Have /? Pau Have you ever (1) Deen / gone to the States? ~ Sue: Yes, I visited New York a couple of years ago. Joe: Hii. Is Jon there? 2a few times / only / I've / on lower slopes / tried / Maris: No, I'm sorry, he's just (2) been / gone out for a few _ moments, Can you call back in 10 minutes? — tare Sandi’s on holiday at the moment. She's G3) been / 3 never / been /T've /a ski lift/ on /. _gone to Thailand. Anita: Oh, lovely. Thailand's a great place for a holiday. tar: Have you (4) been / gone there? Annika: Yes, I've (5) ben / gone a couple of times. love it, 4 you/ good /is / Cycling / for / Yasukor Is Amelie around? Luigi: No, she already (6) been / gone home. She left about halfan hour ago. 5 the / riding / countryside / enjoy / in /1/ Grammar 5 Present perfect and past simple z Complete the dialogue with the past simple or present i the city /1/a helmet / eycle / without / don’t / perfect form of the verbs in brackets. Use contractions wearing / where appropriate. i se (1) ou ever / do) a job that you really hated? & Ohyes, (2)_____(I/have) plenty of terrible 7 surfing / anyone / go / Can /? jobs! When I was a student, (3) (L/ work) on a farm one summer. (4) —______0/ pick) fruit for 6 weeks. (5) ____(it/be) really hard work and so. 8. quite / have / You/ to / fit /be /. boring. a (6) —_______(I/ never / work) om a farm, but ebbeasee se oad asan tn inndaseoenedaaie trae atte (1) 1 di) some boring jobs too. ieee tne When (8) ____ (Idea) college, 9 good /You/a/ be / swimr (9) _____(1/ put) letters in envelopes for a couple of months to earn some money,Work & Leisure Vocabulary 1 Jobs ‘Complete this puzzle with job names, Across 5. She helps people who have legal problems. (6) 6 She makes decisions about the country. (10) 7 He works in a school. (7) Down 1 She writes stories for newspapers. (10) 2 He brings you food in a restaurant. (6) 3 He makes houses, offices, ete. (7) 4 You go to her when you are sick. (6) Vocabulary 2 Work Complete this text with the correct words from the box. breaks shifts ours wages ‘employ training security workers Some international brand names have been criticised for using badly paid workers in developing countries to produce their goods. (1) in their factories often have to work long (2) night (3) for low (4) 2 ‘They often work in difficult conditions and they can’t even take () for food or drinks. They have no job (6) and they sometimes lose their jobs because they are too slow or talk too much. These are , including, usually boring; manual jobs and the workers need little (7) Some factories even @) —___ children. Extend your vocabulary work and job Complete the sentences with job, jobs or work 1 There isn’t much in the area and the available are mostly low paid. 2 More than 80 people applied for a asa shop assistant in a local supermarket. 3. The women get up at 6 every morning and walk to at the factory. 4 Many of the women have to do two____to earn enough money. 5 Some mothers go back to — when their children start school; most of them have part-time Vocabulary 3 Work expressions Complete the sentences with one preposition in each gap. 1 ‘Try not to make personal cal work time, wait until you go your lunch, break. 2 You have to fill in a holiday request form if you want to take time é 3. Staff mustn’t wear jeans, except on dress days. 4 Ifyou can’t come work and you have to call sick, please contact your manager as soon as possible.Work & Leisure Vocabulary 4 Leisure activities Match 1-5 with a-¢ to make sentences. I spend a lot of time éhatting Ifthe weather’ nice, I often do In the summer, we sometimes go usually wateh “The kids spend hours playing (On long journeys, Lusually read ‘When I get home from work, I cook “My son’s very fit. Hee does see 2 fora walk in the countryside. dinner for the family. © to friends on my mobile. 4 computer games, a book to pass the time. £ alot of sport. the gardening at the weekend. the news on TV in the evening, Pronunciation 1 can / can’t, must / mustn't @ 1.13 Listen and choose the modal verb form you hear. Employees can / can’t park in front of the office. You can / can't make personal calls from your desk. You can / can’t work flexible hours. ‘You must / mustn't eat breakfast on the morning of the race. You aan / can't hire surfing equipment at the beach. 6 You must / mustn't bring a bag with you. Pronunciation 2 /of 1.14 Listen and underline the words in these sentences which contain a /n/ sound. 1 Many young people spend their evenings on social networking websites. 2 Fishin; xe reading a book or just doing nothing. is the most popular hobby in England, holiday, a lor of people like sitting on the beach, 4 Some people enjoy collecting things, such as stamps or coins. 5 Surfing and skiing are popular sports with young people. Pronunciation 3 Past participles (1.15 Listen and underline the past participle with a different vowel sound. 1 bought taught got thought 2 won gone done 3 learnt meant sent 4 written driven eaten. given 5 read said paid sent Listening Leisure and lifestyle 1.16 Listen to people talking about leisure activities in different countries and choose the correct country for each statement, Tick (¥) your answers. USA ‘Australia [Canada 1 People spend a lot of their free time at home 2 People spend a lot of their free time outdoors. 3 Winter sports are very popular @ Alot of people enjoy watersports. 5 Gardening is a popular hobby. 6 Golf is the most popular sport. 7 Many parts of the country are very cold. ® Most people in the ‘country live near the L_ sea. |5 Work & Leisure Reading The changing workplace 1 Read the article Flexible working quickly. What are teleworking and hot desking? 2 Read the article again, Tick (7) the statements that are true, 1 Because of new technology, workers can 4 more easily work from home. work more hours. stay in contact with work when they are not in the office 2 Hot desking means that staf don’t have to ... + always work at the same desk: stay in the office all day. «work as part ofa team. 3 Complete the sentences with phrases from the text 1 Pmsorry, Pm _—___at the moment. Please leave a message. Flexible working nine to five every day. Busi On the plus side: space by up to 30%, reducing costs. On the down side: relationships with their colleagues, ‘The modern office has changed a lot in recent years. New technology now allows people to work in different ways and to be more flexible. Fast internet connections mean that people can work from home. This is sometimes known as teleworking. And mobile technology allows everyone to keep in touch while they're out of the office. People can contact you on your mobile or you can check your email on your laptop in a wi-fi hotspot. Even when they're in the office, workers no longer have to sit at the same desk from sses are rethinking the traditional office and one new idea has been bot desking. This is a way of working in which employees don’t have their own desk in the office, but use any desk that’ available when they come in. But what are the advantages and disadvantages of flexible working? ‘Workers have more freedom to work how and where they like. They can fit their work around their lifestyle. Mothers, for example, can work from home and still be around when the kids get home from school. ‘Companies don't have to pay for so much office space. Teleworkers don't need desk space and hot desking can cut Spending less time in the office can leave staff feeling that they don't belong. Team spirit can suffer because people don't build ‘There are possible health problems too. People who work for along time at a computer need a comfortable computer set-up. If workers are at home or moving from desk to desk, employers can’t check that they're working safely: 2 Many people no longer work —__ Flexible working hours are much more common. 3. Talways carry my mobile phone so that I can when I'm out visiting clients. 4 Look at these sentences from the text. Add bave or has to each sentence 1 The moder office recent years 2 Office workers no longer same desk from nine to five. changed rapidly in to sitar the been ‘hot desking’. their own desk in the 3. One innovation 4 Employees don't office, 5 Companies don’t 10 pay for so much office space. © They ‘more freedom to work how and where they want. 5 Mark cach sentence in exercise + MV (have as the main verb), MOD (have to as a modal) or AUX (have as an auniliary verb), Where does the word come from? ‘The term may be copied from “hot bunking’, practice in the navy where sailors on different shifts use the same bed (or bunk). When one sailor gets up, another/ takes his place in the bunk which i still warm. Glossary wif hotapot (nour) ~a place where you can connect to the Intenet without wires5 Work & Leisure Writing A letter of application Reading 1 Many people work as volunteers (they work for: no payment). Where might you find volunteers doing these activities? 1 clearing footpaths ing elderly people 3. answering visitors’ questions 4+ helping disabled children 5. showing people to their seats 6 giving out hot drinks 7 planting trees collecting litter 2. Read the advertisement below for volunteers at a 200, and complete these sentences. 1 Volunteers special qualifications 2 Volunteers terested in animals. over 18, available at least one day a 3 Volunteers 4+ Volunteers week. The 200 needs volunteers to help out and answer visitors’ questions curing the busy summer period. You don't have to have special qualifications as full training willbe given, but you must be interested in animals. Volunteers must be available for at least one day a week and must be over 18. If you are interested in becoming a volunteer, contact our volunteer manager Paul Ashton | Language focus: past simple and present perfect 3. Now read the email in reply to the advertisement. Which tenses does Lisa use in these sentences to talk about her experience? Why? 1 ve worked as a volunteer on a number of conservation projects. In 2004, I spent 4 weeks helping out aa turtle conservation project in Greece. 3 Last year, took part in a project to protect birds in my local area. Dear Mr Ashton, Pm getting in touch about your advertisement for volunteers at the 200 I'm very interested in animals and conservation. I've worked as a volunteer on a number of conservation projects. In 2004, I spent 4 weeks helping out at a turtle conservation project in Greece and last year, Took part in a project to protect birds in my local area, T would be grateful ifyou could send me more information about your volunteer programme. Yours, rc re Lisa Weston, ee | 4 Complete the sentences about work experience using the past simple or present perfect form of the verb in brackets. it 2 When I was at university, I — (study) Biology at university. (eorite) for the student newspaper: x (eor8) with children for many years, 4 From 2005 to 2007, 1 (teact) English in Japan. st (take) a number of computer skills courses, ae (never work) abroad before.Work & Leisure Writing 5 Read the advertisement for volunteers to help at an international sporting event. Use the notes to write an ermal in reply to the advertisement. Do you love sport? Volunteers are needed for a major international sporting event in July Volunteers will collect tickets, show people to their seats and provide information. You must be good at communicating with 7 people. Foreign language skills are an advantage. - 0) You must be available from 5-9 July. cmonatng as Volunteers must be over 18. SBI, If you can help, please contact the events manager, ‘George Elis, for more information. Interests all seorts, especially athletics Language skis excellent English, good Spanish, some Frevich Experience: work at other international eves, ticket sales at Expoo?, tour guide at local musevin last summer Enjoy meeting people Available in JulyGrammar 1A Comparatives Complete the facts with the correct words. Did you know? Carbon dioxide is (1) beacyer /beatier than air Light travels (2) slower / more slowly through water than through air, but sound travels (3) more fastly / faster ‘The air at the top of Mount Everest is three times (4 thiner (thinner than at sea level. ‘The wingspan of a Boeing 747 is (5) loager / more lang than the Wright brothers’ first aeroplane. People are slightly (6) more tall / taller in space because there's no gravity pulling them down, ‘A dog’s sense of smell is 1,000 times (7) more sensitive / sensitiver than a person's. Kivi fruit are (8) Aealther/ healthier than oranges, because they contain twice as much vitamin C. Grammar 1B Comparative adjectives Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the underlined ade 1 French TGV trains are fast, but the Japanese bullet train is 2 The Empire State building is very tall, but Taipei 101 is, 3. The traffic in Los Angeles is bad, but its even —____ in Sto Paolo. 4 Tokyo is an expensive city to live in, but London is even 5 England is a pretty wet country, but apparently, Hawaii 6 Australia is a dry country, but Egypt is 7 ‘The Atlantic ocean is very large, but the Pacific is India has a very big population, but the population of China is even 9 Spain is popular with international tourists, but France Grammar 1C Comparative adverbs Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adverb in brackets. 1 Computers can do many jobs and (ficient) than people. 2. Using the internet, people can find information (quickly) (easly) than in the past. 3 People with IT skills are often paid (well) than those without. 4 computer can do calculations much (fast) than a human being. Children who grow up using computers do (badly) in maths tests than people from older generations. Grammar 2 Comparatives (a bit, much, (not) as ... as) Put the words in order to make sentences. 1 lifestyle / simpler / ours / My grandparents’ / much / was / than / 2 worked / do/as hard / just / we / as /"They / 3 slowly / happened / in those days / more /Things / much /. 4 lifestyles / stressful as / So people's / weren't / as / ours /Science & Technology s- than / were / probably / They / people nowadays / fitter Jabit/. 6 further /we /"They / walk / do / had to / than / much / 1 weren’t/ are / as healthy / as / we / But they /. 8 People / to die of / much / were / likely / more / ‘common diseases / Grammar 3 Superlatives Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the auljectives in the box. cold dangerous, heavy large loud deep dry popular 1 The call of the humpback whale is — sound made by any living creature. 2 Statistically, the mosquito is animal in the world, killing 2-3 million people a year 3 Across the world, dogs are ___ animals to keep as pets. 4 Male African elephants are land animals on Earth. 5 Antarctica is of the world’s continents. 6 The Sahara stretches across more than ten countries, orld. place in the world’s oceans is the and is _ desert in the Mariana trench in the Pacific. Aswan, in Egypeis the world. inhabited place in Grammar 4 Phrasal verbs and objects Underline the phrases which are incorrect. First, (1) swteb on your camera and (2) plug it into your computer using the special lead. When your photos are downloaded, you can unplug the camera and (3) switch off it Now you can send your photos to your friends or A print out ther. ‘To label your photos, just (5) click on the file name and (©) dpe a new name in. If your camera battery is low, (7) take ous it and (8) charge up it using the charger provided. Vocabulary 1A Adjectives ‘Match these adjectives with their opposite meanings, 1 safe a relaxing 2 rich b expensive 3 interesting «dangerous 4 weak a relaxed 5 easy «boring 6 cheap € difficule 7 stressful «strong nervous poorScience & Technology Vocabulary 1B Adjectives Complete the text with the adjectives in the box. cheaper easier ied stressful ervous popular safer Online shopping has become more and more (1) _______ in recent years. Some people shop online because things are often (2) than in the shops and you have a 3) hoice of goods. Others just find it less (4) than pushing through the crowds in the shops. Some people are (3) —____ about but experts say it's (6) their credit cards online, than handing your card to a stranger in a shop. And if you're not (7) ____ with the goods when they artive, you can just send them back. It couldn't be (8) Extend your vocabulary 1 Metaphors for happiness Complete the expressions with words from the box. down heart spirits top Vocabulary 2 Noun formation Complete these sentences with the correct noun form of the word in brackets. 1 Suzy reecived a choler) to pay for her university studies. 2. She studied Chemistry then got a job as a research (iene. 3 Luke started his career asa science (teach) ina school. 4 He changed jobs and became a (researc) for an aerospace company 5 He tests the metal used in planes to check for any ____ (wea). 6 Magda is an (ecomomy) for an international bank. (relation) between aid and economic development. 7 She’ interested in the Extend your vocabulary 2 Other ways of saying yes 91.17 Listen and complete this conversation with the replies in the box. ‘The bright sunny weather lifted her Are you alright? You look a little Her sank as she read the letter She was on of the world after getting a place at university 5 He was still walking on from his mecting with Anna. CAITR mae a, 6.23, afraid so Yep Definitely 1 0K That's right Computer wer, My computer’ stopped working. When I click on the screen, nothing happens. Engines Nothing happens at all? Computer user: (1) —___ Engineer Have you tried using the keyboard instead? Compursr weer: (2) Stil nothing. Engineer: [think we'll have to shut down and start again, Comporeruser: (3) But won't I lose what I was working o Engineer (4) - When did you last save your work? Computer wsee: Oh, 2 few minutes ago. Are you sure? 6) ‘Then you won't lose too much,Science & ‘Technology Vocabulary 3 Compound nouns Complete the names of the items in the pictures. ea ‘i genet fac Vocabulary 4A Phrasal verbs Match 1-8 and a-h to make questions. 1 Why don't you just pick ee 2 Have you plugged 8 Why don’t you print oe 4 Could you turn ss) Can you shut 6 Did you type — Why don’t yan log Has the whole system gone aes the power cable in? on and check your email now? up the phone and call them? down the computer when you've finished? out the map to take with you? the sound down a bit? your password in correctly?Science & Technology Vocabulary 4B Phrasal verbs Complete these sentences with the correct preposition (up, in. on, ete). She picked number. as _ the phone and dialled his Yes, I definitely plugged the power cable 3. He printed ___ the map from the website. 4 Itwas a bit too loud, so I turned the sound 5 He shut the computer and switched ______ the lights before he left. 6 Tmsure I typed ny password correctly. 7 Do I need a password to log —____? 8 Yes, the whole computer system has gone Nothing’s working. Vocabulary 5 ig things in common Complete the facts with the correct plarases. 1 Scientist, Charles Darwin was born on 12th of February 1809. So tous / Neither was American president, Abraham Lincoln, 2. The Scottish biologist, Alexander Fleming won a Nobel Prize for his work. So did / So isthe Polish chemist, Marie Curie 3. Switzerland has no sea coast. So bas / Neither bas Austria 4 China has a population of more than 1 billion people. Does 50 1 So does India. 5. ‘Treally like dogs. “Me too /neitber’ ‘6 Snakes don’t have ears. Neither do / So don’r spiders, Pronunciation 1 schwa /o/ (9 1.18 Listen and circle the word with the underlined sound that is not schwa /o/ 1 teacher doctor = manager -—_enginger 2 fitter far better popular 3 portable productive surprising patient 4 exercise poverty imterview research s umbrella area spa sofa Pronunciation 2 Email and website addresses 4 1.19 Listen and complete these website and email addresses, nea com 2 news, 3 wikipedia _ eo [Link] 5 stein Listening Maths teaching 1.20 Listen to a university maths professor talking about maths teaching, Complete the sentences with the correct words 1 Students are more interested / less interested in maths than they used to be 2 More / Fewer students are studying maths at university. 3. IeSeasier to use a mobile phone than to doa calculation / calelator in your head. 4 Some complex / common fractions, like ¥¢ and 4%, are still used in everyday life, 5 Fractions were useful / useless in the past before we had calculators and computers. 6 Fractions aren't directly /relecunt to most people in the modern world 7 He says that teachers should spend more / les time teaching fractions at school.» Science & Technology ns Reading The history of computers 1 Look at these dictionary definitions mini- (prefix) - smaller or shorter than other things of the same kind micro- (prefix) - extremely small: used with some nouns and adjectives 4 ‘Windows’ made computers 4. more affordable b easier t0 use © smaller. 5. The World Wide Web was invented ... + im the late eighties, bin the early eighties «in 1985. 4 The suffix -able (or ible) is used to form many adjectives. Complete these sentences with min’ or micro and the word in brackets. 4 There was a on TV last week abou the invention of the World Wide Web. (series) 2 Today, are in all PCs. They were invented in the late 1950s. (hips) 3. They've got five children, so they're thinking of buying (van). 4 Some people cook all their food in a oven. (wave) Can you think of any other words which start with mini or micro-? 2 Answer the question below. Then read the article The Dazon of the Digital Age and check your answer. Which of these computers is the largest and the smallest? + aminicomputer ‘+ a microcomputer + personal computer (PC) 3 Read the article again and answer the questions. 1 ‘Baby’ was... «avery large computer. ban extremely small computer. © a portable computer. 2 Moore’ Law describes how quickly computers become a smaller. more powerful cheaper. 3 Early PCs stored information on ... © CDs, b_ memory sticks. © cassette tapes. ~able (uff) —used with many verbs to make adjectives describing something that can be done: enjoyable (=that people can enjoy), breakable (=that is easy to break) Find three adjectives in the article that end with ~able. Match them to these definitions. 1 Easy to carry or move = 2 Cheap enough for ordinary people to buy 3. Thatyou can find, buy or use : 5 Complete the phrases with the correct adjectives from the text. 1 —___ behaviour behaviour that people can accept an accident that can be avoided a change that people can notice 2 an accident change packaging that ean be recycled, 4 __ packaging © Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, Use extra words if necessary. 1 APC has become a common piece of equipment in ‘many homes, and (9) a wireless modem. 2 With a wireless internet connection you don't need to (ping into / your computer) a modem. 3. Although a relatively recent invention, the internet has (popular) pastimes. (wel) they sold 10 years ago because many people are happy with the one they have. 5 [don't need all the power my PC has, and — (do) many other people. (ranch f cbeap) now than they were 10 years ago and many people prefer them to desktop PCs. become one of our 4 However, PCs are nor selling 6 Laptop computers areScience & ‘Technology The Dawn of the Digital Age “These days computers are everywhere, and we don't really think about them. But they're actually a very recent invention and they have developed very quickly. 1940s The first real electronic computers were developed in the 1940s, They were huge machines which filled whole rooms at universities and other research facilities. The world’s first digital computer that could store programs was called Baby and was built at Manchester University in England in 1948, “Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons” Popular Mechanies magazine, 1949 1950s During the 1950s, computers first became available to a few large businesses. They were still huge machines, though, and very expensive. They used magnetic tape to input and store data. 1960s New technology made computers much smaller and much cheaper. The minicomputer became available to even small businesses, Moore’s Law In 1965, computer scientist Gordon Moore predicted that ‘computers would double in power every two years. Until now, his law has proved to be correct. 1970s ‘The first microprocessor was launched in 1971 and by the mid-seventies, the first personal ‘computers appeared. These early PCs were still quite large and expensive and used cassette tapes to store data, 1980s Personal computers became affordable and more widely available. At first, when you switched on your new PC, you gota blank screen with a cursor flashing in the top corner. Then, in 1985, Microsoft launched the Windows operating system, making computing ‘easier for everyone, By the late eighties, PCs were becoming smaller and more portable and laptops were now available. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and the modern digital age really began.Science & Technology Writing Mol Reading 1 Read the short articles below about mobile phones. Do they talk about advantages or disadvantages? phones Recent research into the use of mobile phones | by young people in Bangalore, India, found | that mobiles have become essential for personal __ relationships. Many young people work night shifts | | in call centres so they use their mobiles to keepin | touch with friends, who often work different hours, any young people leave their home towns and villages to work in Bangalore and they keep in touch with family and even partners by mobile phone. University graduates are using text message abbreviations in job applications. Many employers are complaining about the bad spelling and poor | grammar of younger employees. They also say that | people are used to the friendly style of text messages | and they don't know how to use correct, formal | English for business communication. | ‘Two hikers were saved by their mobile phones. They | got lose while they were hiking in Alaska. Then one of the women managed to get a signal on her mobile phone and called her mother. Rescue teams spoke to her and she described the landscape around her. The finding the exact position of her phone. Helicopters searched the area and finally found the two women and took | them to safety. | | mobile phone company helped too by t J} “Train passengers have become so tired of listening to other people talking loudly on their mobile phones, many train companies have introduced quiet J} carriages. On most UK trains, for example, there | isa quiet carriage in which passengers are asked to __ switch off mobile phones and MP3 players. Some train companies are even thinking about having special carriages which stop mobile phone signals. Language focus: comparatives and superlatives 2 Complete the comments about mobile phones using the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives, brackets The) phones is when people talk really loudly into them on (annoying) thing about mobile the train. Ifyou're in a quiet place lke a library or a theatre its ® (good) to send a text message than to call someone. ‘Sometimes it’s (3) (convenient) to send somebody a text message so that you don't disturb them with a call Tes (4) via text message than face to face, but its also not polite (ca) to give someone bad news or kind, One of (5) (bad) things about mobile phones is when people keep checking their phone while co them. you're talki If you're late for a meeting, its much (6) (lite) to send someone a text message to let them know, rather than just leave chem waiting. 1 feel much (7) (café) driving on my own, because if theres an emergency, [can call someone from the car. I don’t have to walk along the road on my own to find a phone box. Modern mobile phones have so many different features. Forme, (8) (csefut) thing. is having a camera in my phoneScience & Technology Writing skills: introductions 3 When you write an essay, you need to make your topic clear in your introduction, Whieh of these things would be suitable for an introduction? + background to the topic: mobile phones have become more common across the world + general questions: Are mobile phones bad for society? + the situation in your country: in my country, almost all young people carry a mobile phone + detailed examples: if you are going to be late for a meeting, its better to + the topic of the essay: mabile phones have both advantages and disadvantages * your opinion: I think that mobile phones are essential in the modern world ‘+ main points: one of the main advantages of mobile phones is. Preparing to write 4. Use the ideas in exercise 3 and your own ideas to make notes about the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones. [Advantages Disadvantages Convenient: €5Y to keep in touch | Annoying: Safety: Communication skills: poor spelling Extra features: Writing 5 Write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones. Write four paragraphs; introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and conclusion.