: • . ( ) .
●● 1949. 5: 5,025 (1948~1952)
.
(1948.7~49.5) 1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
.
… …
•
• 806 ( ) , 486 ● : 1945~1968
:
•
•
(Bundesrat) . . ●
●
1951. 4. 10:: ●
(Theodor : 1952 130
. • ( ) • (Entnazifizierungsschlussgesetz) : 1957 17 ( 13%)
● ● 1948. 6: ●● 1948. 9.
1951. 6:28: . ● (DM)
1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). •
•
● 1948•
. . ●
, , 462
• 27 ●
. 7%
(Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10)
● 1951. 4. 10: ● : 1952 130 (Entnazifizierung). (Trizone) . . : /● / : (1945~51)
, , ,
.(1945.11 ~ 1949.4)
(Entnazifizierungsschlussgesetz) ● 45~49 24
• : 1957 17 ( 13%) ● 1948. 9: 66 ● 150 (Der ● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( )
. ● ● Parlamentarische Rat) . ● 18 . , 8.6 1947 . ●
KPD( , ,) ,SED( )
●
7% ●1949. 5. 8: 50 12( . ) ●
● 1949. 10:7: .
1948. 9. . ● .
:
(1945.11
. ~ 1949.4) .
● 1945. 6: 4 → Care
5. 23: (1946~1960)
.
1949.. 5:
. ●●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, 5,025
FDP, DP( , (1948~1952) .
… .
● (1948.7~49.5)
● ● • : ,. , , , , CDU
• 806 ) ( ) , 486 … ● 1949. 10:
● :
(
.
)
, , , . . •
● ● ● : (Konrad● ● •
●: 1948. 6:
(Walter Ulbricht,
● ● : ½ ½ ●
•
1948
Adenauer. : 1949~1963). ● 1950~1971)
, , 462 27
: • . ( ) .
•
(1948.7~49.5) 1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
. ● (Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5)
…
•
● : 1945~1968
:
•
•
(Bundesrat) . . ●
●
1951. 4. 10:: ●
(Theodor : 1952 130 . .
• ( ) • (Entnazifizierungsschlussgesetz) ● 45~49 24
1948. 9.
6:28: . (DM) : 1957 17 ( 13%) 1948. 9: 66 ●(Politbüro) (Der
•
● 1948. 6: ●● 1951. ● 1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). • ● ● 150
. . ● Parlamentarische Rat) .
, , 462 27• ● ●
7% 1949. 5. 8: 50 12(
(Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10) ●
[. ] → Care
: )1949~2013
(Entnazifizierung). (Trizone) . . : /● / :
(1945~51)
, , , (1945.11
. ~ 1949.4) 5. 23:
●
(1946~1960)
.
1949. 5:
.
● 45~49 24 ● : .
● 1948. 9: 66 ● 150 (Der ● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( )
18 . , 8.6 1947 . , ,) ,SED( .
● Parlamentarische Rat) . ● ●
KPD( ) ●
●
● : ½ ½
● 1949. 5. 8: 50 12( . ) ●
● 1948. 9. 7: .
1949. 10: . ● .
→ Care
: .
.
● 1945. 6: 4 5. 23: (1946~1960)
. .
● 1949. 5:
. ●●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, 5,025
FDP, DP( , (1948~1952) .
… .
(1948.7~49.5) 1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
… …
•
● • : ., 806 ( ) , 486 ● : .
, , , , CDU
•
) ● 1949. 10: . • (Bundesrat) .
. . • ( )
● ● : (Konrad● ● ●: 1948. 6: (Walter Ulbricht, ●● 1948. 9.
1951. 6:28: . (DM)
● 1946~1960 1,000
•
● : ½ ½ ● 1948
•
.
Adenauer. : 1949~1963). 1950~1971)
, • , 462 27 ●
. ( ) .
•
1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
. ● (Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9)
…
•
• 1951. 4. 10::
. ●
● ●
(Theodor : 1952 130 . . (Trizone) . . ● : , , ,
• (Bundesrat) .
• (Entnazifizierungsschlussgesetz) ● 45~49 24
●● 1948. 9.
1951. 6:28: . ● (DM)
1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). • : 1957 17 ( 13%) ● 1948. 9: ● 66 ●(Politbüro)
150 (Der ● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , ,
. . ● Parlamentarische Rat) . . .
●
1949. 5. 8: 50 12( 1948. 9.
10:7:
7%
: )1949~2013
●
● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10) ●
[. ] ● 1949. [ ] . : 2021
(Trizone) . . : /● / : (1945~51)
, , , (1945.11
. ~ 1949.4) → Care
5. 23:
●
(1946~1960)
.
1949. 5:
. ●
●
1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, FDP, DP( , (1948~1952)
…
● : . CDU
•
) ( )
● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( )
● 18 . , 8.6 1947 . ● , ,) ,SED( . ●
KPD( ) ● ● : (Konrad
● 10:7: .
1948. 9. ● ● : ½ ½ •
● 1949. . . Adenauer. : 1949~1963).
: .
●●
●
1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, 5,025
FDP, DP( , (1948~1952) .
… . 1 .
(1948.7~49.5) 1953: 5% . 5% .
… …
•
806 ) ( ) , 486 ● : . ● : 1952 130
CDU
•
● 1949. 10: . • (Bundesrat) . ● : (Theodor
. • ( ) : 1957 17 ( 13%)
● : (Konrad● ● ●: 1948. 6: (Walter Ulbricht, ●● 1948. 9.
1951. 6:28: . ● (DM)
1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). •
•
•
● 1948
Adenauer. : 1949~1963). 1950~1971)
, , 462 • 27 ● . ●
. 7%
. ● (Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10)
.
●
●
1951. 4. 10:: ●
(Theodor : 1952 130 . . (Trizone) . . ● : , , ,
(Entnazifizierungsschlussgesetz) ● 45~49 24
Heuss, 1949~1959 ). • : 1957 17 ( 13%) ● 1948. 9: ● 66 ●(Politbüro)
150 (Der ● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( )
. ● Parlamentarische Rat) . . . KPD( ) SED( )
●
7% 1949. 5. 8: 50 12( ) ● 1948.
1949. 10: .
(1949.10) ●
[. ] → Care
: 1949~2013 ● 9. 7:
[ ] . : 2021 :
.(1945.11 ~ 1949.4) 5. 23: (1946~1960)
.
● 1949. 5:
. ●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, FDP, DP( , (1948~1952)
… .
(1948.7~49.5)
● : . CDU
•
) ( ) 1949. 10: . ,
● 1946. 4: ● SPD( ) ● 1949: (DGB) ● : ,
, ,) ,SED( .
●
KPD( ) ● ● : ●
(Konrad . ● . ●: 1948. 6: (Walter Ulbricht,
● ● : ½ ½ •
. Adenauer. : 1949~1963). ● 557 (2024). ● 1950~1971)
, , 462 27
: .
.
(1948.7~49.5) 1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
. ● ● : 1946 (Grundgesetz, . 2~3 1949. 5)
…
•
● : . ● : 1952 130 . .
● 1949. 10: . • (Bundesrat) . ● : (Theodor .
• ( ) : 1957 17 ( 13%) , 9:, . 1976 .
● (Walter Ulbricht, ●: 1948. 6: ●● 1948. 9.
1951. 6:28: . ● (DM)
1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). • ● 1948. ● 66 ●(Politbüro)
150 (Der
•
. ● ● Parlamentarische Rat) .
1950~1971)
, , 462 • 27 ● ●
7% 1949. 5. 8: 50. 12( )
● (Grundgesetz,
. 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10) ●
[.
•
] DGB → 5. 23: . .
: 1949~2013
(Trizone) . . .
. . ● : , , , ● 1949. 5:
● 45~49 24 ● : .
● 1948. 9: ● 66 ●(Politbüro)
150 (Der ● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( )
. .
Parlamentarische Rat) . . KPD( ) SED( )
●
1948. 9.
10:7: ● : ½ ½
1949. 5. 8: 50 12(
: )1949~2013
● 1949. . .
●
[. ] ●
[ ] : 2021 : . DGB
→ Care
5. 23: (1946~1960)
.
● 1949. 5:
. ●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, FDP, DP( , (1948~1952)
… .
(1948.7~49.5) • 1953: 5% . 5% .
● : . CDU
•
) ( ) 1949. 10:
● . ,
● 1949: (DGB) : , • (Bundesrat) . ● : 14%
. 1948. 9.
6:28: .
● ● : ●
(Konrad . ●. ●: 1948. 6: (Walter Ulbricht, ●● 1951. ● ↓(DM)
● : ½ ½ •
. (2014)
Adenauer. : 1949~1963). ● 557
(2024). ● 1950~1971)
, , 462 27
.
1953: 5% . 5%
1 .
. ● ● (Grundgesetz,
: 1946 . 2~3 1949. 5) ● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ 9)
…
•
. ● : ●
(Theodor : 1952 130 . . . (Trizone) . .
• (Bundesrat) .
1948. 9.
6:28: . (DM) : 1957 17 ( 13%) , 9:,
1948. . 1976 .
66 ●(Politbüro) (Der ● 1949. 8. 14: . 13
●● 1951. ● 1946~1960 1,000 Heuss, 1949~1959 ). • ● ● 150 •
● Parlamentarische Rat) . . .
. ●
●
7% 1949. 5. 8: 50. 12( ) ● 1948. 9.
10:7:
● 1949. 4: , , ‘3 (1949.
’ . 9) (1949.10) ●
•
[. ] DGB → 5. 23: . .
: 1949~2013 ● 1949. [ ] . : 2021
(Trizone) . . ● : , , ,
.
● : .
● 1949. 5:
●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, FDP, DP(
( )
, …
● 1949.
• 8. 14: . 13 , , , , ● 1946. 4: ● SPD( ) CDU
•
)
. .
. KPD( ) SED( ) ● : (Konrad
1948. ● : ½ ½ •
(1949): 1949~1963). (1955~1991)
●
● 1949. 10:
9. 7:
[ ] . : 2021 . DGB Adenauer.
: .
●
● 1949. 5:
: CDU/CSU, FDP, DP( , (1948~1952)
… . .
( )
(1948.7~49.5) • 1953: 5% . 5% .
CDU
•
) ● 1949: ● 1949. 10:
(DGB) : , . , • (Bundesrat) . ● : 14% ● : : (Theodor1955 : ‘ ’
● 5 ● 1957 ● 1989 ● 5 1955 .
1950 . . ● ‘ ’: (1957.3):● : ● : ●
● ● : • . • 1950 : 6 , 48 260
1957 : . 5 , 40 ( 1974
● 2% . 29 ● 1955
• : . ● • 1952
‘ : ’ .6 ● 2 ● . ).
(→) 1951~1963 7.1% ( 1961~91 9.7%
● 1957 ● 1955 . •
•
. .
).
● : (1949) (1955~1991) ● 1956:
• , (Nationale ● 1957: .5% ● TV [
: 1952 1] ARD , 1963 2 (1961.
ZDF 8. 15) .
1950 : 6 , 48 1957 : 5 , 40 ( 1974 Volksarmee, NVA) . (1953.6.17) •
(1953) :5 (1953)
• •• : : (EURATOM)
, . ●
1961 8 13 , .
,
8 15 , 19
● 2 ). ● 1957 : (EWG) EU
●
.
(Conrad Schumann) . 80cm
1955 : ‘ ’ ●
: • 2011: ● ● , . ● 1953. 6. 25: , . .
. ● ● (Heimatfilm)
(Peter Leibling) 20 . .
2024. 3: • 2025: ● : , ● 1961 8 13 ● 5 3
● TV : 1952 1 ARD , 1963 2 ZDF . • , , , , ,
:5 (1953) ● 1960: , 50 . (1949~1963)
, 1950 . . .
.
.
● , ●
. •
●
,
●: ● : ● “1989 11 9
.
”
,
.
. ● ‘ ’: (1957.3):● : ● : ● ● 1956:
• , ●
(Nationale 1998 7 20
,
.
● : • . • 1950 : 6 , 48 260
1957 : . 5 , 40 ( 1974 Volksarmee, NVA) . .
● 1955
• : . ● • 1952
‘ : ’ .6 ●● 1959 : 2 ● 5 . ). ● 1957 :
●
. 1986
,
.
(Conrad Schumann) . 80cm
●
2011: . “ ”. . (Peter Leibling) , .
. . •
● ● (Heimatfilm) 20 . .
● [
TV . : 1952 1] ARD , 1963 2 (1961.
ZDF 8. 15) .
• 2025: ● → 100
(1961) :
• , , ● :,
1961 8 13
, , ● 1963 : [ 3 ] ( )
● :5 (1953) ● 1960: , . , 50 ‘ , (1949~1963) 1950 . .
.
.
●
1961 8 13 , .
,
8 15 , 19 , 4. 11~12. 15
●
● 1962: →
●
.
(Conrad Schumann) . 80cm ● (Adolf Eichmann): 1961. •
● ●
, 50 : . 1 :
1963● ~1966 “1989 11 9
. .
1966~1969 : ”
,
.
● ‘ ’: ●
(1957.3):
. ,
… ● : . 1956: )
● Erhard
-
●
(Nationale● 1965 11%
1998 7 20
,)
.
(
●● 1957: < . (1961.8)
>(Eichmann
• 1960 5 , . . .( ● ‘Volksarmee,’ NVA) . . . : 1968 , 1% in• Jerusalem:: A Report on the Banality of Evil, 1963.
• 1950 : 6 , 48 1957 : 5 , 40 7.3% . (EURATOM)
, ) . ● ,
1952 : .6 ● 1957 :
●
● • ‘ ● ’ . 1959 : 5 1964) ● 1949~61: 273 . .
●● 2 ,
. 1986
. (EWG) EU
1951~1963 7.1% . 9.7% ● 1974 340 . .
●
•
1962 6 . .( 1961~91
. . ●
•
1965 :
2011:
0.5%. .
“ ”.
). • : 1963~77 2 → 100 :
●●
•1957:
< .
5%
(1961.8)
>(Eichmann ● TV . : 1952 1 ARD , 1963 , 2 ZDF . . •
• 2025:
1970 (1961)
●
‘ • , , ● :,
1961 8 13
, ,
● 1960:’ ,
, 50
. ‘ , .
in
••
Jerusalem:: A:Report on the Banality ,of Evil, 1963.
(EURATOM) .
●
● ● , ● 1966: , 4. 11~12. 15
●
1964) ● 1949~61:
(EWG) 273
EU . . ● 1962: → . ●
CDU
(Adolf Eichmann): 1961.
10. 27: soweit wie möglich, Planung soweit •
●
, 50 .
, . ’(Wettbewerb ← (1965)
“ ”. . ,
•
● (Heimatfilm) . wie nötig!) . . ,
[ ] (
•
• , , ● :,
1961 8 13
, , ● 1963 : ) ● (SS-Obersturmbannführer)
1950 .
●
(1957.3):
. ,
… .
1960 5 , . .(
•
●
, 50 . 1 :
1963 ~1966 . 1966~1969 :
● , )
●
.
,
. • .(Kahlschlag):
:‘ . HEINRICH BÖLL
• [
(Stunde Null): ] 47 •
[ ] .’
● 1947~1967
1944 ( 17 100
) . , • .
. . • INGEBORG
.
● :‘ . 3 BACHMANN
● . ● . ●●[Link] ● 50• → 1945 ‚ , . ’
. 1933~45 • UWE JOHNSON,
• .(Kahlschlag): • . :< . Draußen.’vor der Tür>, 1947 ● 50. 20 . : • ‘ ’ . .
. • PETER WEISS
• HEINRICH
. BÖLL • . 3 • (56) • : , , , .
• :< Mohn und Gedächtnis>, 1952 • PAUL CELAN
• INGEBORG
. . ● • 1965 → (1959 )
• :< Die Kirschen der Freiheit>, 1952 . • MARTIN WALSER
BACHMANN ● (1942~52) • CDU/CSU 47 ● 60
• → 1945 , . • GÜNTER GRASS
UWE JOHNSON, • : <9 Billard um halb zehn>, 1959 ● ,
•
● 1945 , . ● ‘ ’, ‘ ’ ● •
:‘
PETER WEISS :< Die Blechtrommel>(1959) .
• • .( 60 67 •, .’
PAUL CELAN • (Elisabeth Langgässer, 1889-1950 ):
• . ) .“
• MARTIN WALSER
●
”
47 . (1947-1967)
.
• [
(Stunde Null): ] 47 .
●
••
70 :
[ ] :‘
.’
.
70 :
[ ] :‘
.’
. ● 1947~1967 100 . ,
● , , , , , • . (Luise Rinser, 1911-2002 ): ● 50 . :
● . ● • :‘ . 3
● 47 : , , , 1945 ● . ● . ●● [Link]
. (Wiederbewaffnung, 1955 )
. •
. 1933~45
●
.
,
. • .(Kahlschlag): • . :< . Draußen.’vor der Tür>, 1947 ● 50. 20 . :
HEINRICH BÖLL .
● 1947~1967
1944 ( 17 100
) . , • . •
• :<
. 50 3
Mohn und Gedächtnis>, 1952 •
60 (56) 1965
INGEBORG . ● •
. • .
BACHMANN ●
• :< Die Kirschen der Freiheit>, 1952
(1942~52) .
• CDU/CSU 47:
●●[Link] ● 50• → 1945 ‚ , . ’ ● 1945~50: . um halb zehn>, 1959 ● 60 . . , ,
• UWE JOHNSON, • : <9 Billard ● ,
● 50. 20 . : • ‘ ’ . . . :< . .
. • PETER WEISS • Die Blechtrommel>(1959) 60 67
(56) • : , , , .
•
• PAUL CELAN ● 50
● : . , ● • : 60 Langgässer, 1889-1950
(Elisabeth < ):>
● • 1965 → (1959
MARTIN WALSER
) 47 . (1947-1967) [,
] 47 .
.
. •
60 . (Luise Rinser, 1911-2002 ):
• CDU/CSU 47 ●
• GÜNTER GRASS
● , , , , , •
● , 50 : :, . ●● 60 ..
● ‘ ’, ‘ ’ ● •
:‘ ●● 47 , , 1945
.
60 67 •, .’ • ‘ . ’ . . . .
• (Elisabeth Langgässer, 1889-1950 ):
•• :‘ . HEINRICH BÖLL ,
• [
(Stunde Null): ] 47 .
● 70 :
[ ] .’
● 1947~1967 100 . , ● •
→
PAUL CELAN[ (1959] 60 , )
.
●
● 50 : . . ,
• :< Die Kirschen der Freiheit>, 1952 . • MARTIN WALSER .
● (1942~52) • CDU/CSU 47: ● 60 , , , , ,
● 1945~50: . um halb zehn>, 1959 ● 60 . . , , ● 61.8:
• .
GÜNTER GRASS ●
• : <9 Billard ● , ● 50 : .
. :< . . •
•
. , 1945
• Die Blechtrommel>(1959) 60 67 •
• ‘ ’ .
: 60 Langgässer, 1889-1950
(Elisabeth < ):> .
● 50 : . ,
● ● • ••
47 . (1947-1967) ,
[ ] 47 .
. ● 70 :
[ ] .
.
. (Luise Rinser, 1911-2002 ):
•
● , , , , , •
● 50 :
50 :
●● 47 :, . , 1945 ●● 60 .. ● •
.
, ●
•
. ● . (Wiederbewaffnung, 1955 )
• ‘ . ’ . . . . •
•
‘
:<
’
Draußen vor der Tür>, 1947
. . 20
HEINRICH BÖLL , 60 ~70 . .
● 1947~1967 100 . , ● •
• :< 50 Mohn und Gedächtnis>, 1952 60 1965
INGEBORG . ●
● 50 . : •
. • :< Die Kirschen der Freiheit>, 1952 .
BACHMANN (1959~65):
●● [Link]
. (Wiederbewaffnung, 1955 ) ● 50 ‚ ’ ●● 1945~50: . um halb zehn>, 1959 ● 60 : . . , ,
● 60
• :
UWE JOHNSON, • : <9 Billard ● ,
● 50. 20 . : • ‘ ’ . . . :< . .
. • PETER WEISS • Die Blechtrommel>(1959)
: , , , .
•
● •
60 (56)
1965
•
•
→
PAUL [
CELAN ]
(1959
60 )
●
● 50 : . . , ● • : 60 Langgässer, 1889-1950
(Elisabeth < ):>
.
. •
● 60
MARTIN WALSER . (Luise Rinser, 1911-2002
, ):
.
• CDU/CSU
● 60 47: . . , , ● 61.8:
• .
GÜNTER GRASS
● , , , , , •
● , ● 50 : . ● 60 ..
. . •
•
. , 1945
60 67 •
• ‘ ’ . .
● • : 60 Langgässer, 1889-1950
(Elisabeth < ):> •• .
[ ,
] 47 .
. ● 70
• :
[ ] .
. ● ,
• (Luise Rinser, 1911-2002 ): ● 50 : .
● 60 .. ● •
.