mevB‡K ¯§vU©‡evW© K¬v‡m ¯^vMZg

‡gvnv¤§` mvgm Dj nK
wmwbqi mnKvix Aa¨vcK
wefvMxq cÖavb
MwYZ wefvM
 Matrix & Determinant
(g¨vwU&ª· I wbYv©qK )

wkLbdj
➢ g¨vwU&ª‡·i †hvM, we‡qvM Ges ¸Y msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
➢ g¨vwU&‡ª ·i cÖKvi‡f` Ges Zv‡`i Kb‡mÞ msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
➢ e¨wZµgx I Ae¨wZµgx msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
➢ A¨vWR‡q›U Ges wecixZ g¨vwUª· msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
➢ wbYv©qK msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
 Some Example of ‘Order of a Matrix’
g¨vwU&ª‡·i µ‡gi K‡qKwU D`vniY
1
3
➢ 2 × 1 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = ; 3 × 1 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = 2
7
3
➢ 1 × 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = 3 9 ; 1 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = 6 9 0
1 5 1 2 4
➢ 2 × 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = ; 2 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· =
7 9 6 5 8
2 0 2 0 6
➢ 3 × 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = 9 7 ; 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· = 4 9 2
6 8 1 8 −5
 `yBwU g¨vwU&ª‡·i †hvM Ges we‡qvM wbY©q
❖ `yBwU g¨vwU&ª‡·i †hvMdj ev we‡qvMdj wbY©q Kiv hv‡e hw` Zv‡`i µg GKB nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î, Abyiæc fzw³¸‡jv †hvM ev we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
3 8 5 −7
➢ D`vniY : A = Ges B =
6 −6 −1 8

3+5 8−7 8 1
∴𝐴+𝐵 = =
6 − 1 −6 + 8 5 2

3−5 8+7 −2 15
∴𝐴−𝐵 = =
6+1 −6 − 8 7 −14
 `yBwU g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM Ges we‡qvM msµvšÍ 𝑀𝐶𝑄
2 −3 4 5
• 𝐴+𝐵 = ,𝐴−𝐵 = n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU 𝐵 g¨vwUª· ?
4 −1 −2 7
6 2 3 1 −1 −4 −1 1
K. L. M. N.
2 6 1 3 3 −4 3 3
✓e¨vL¨v :
 Transpose Matrix
(we¤^ /i~cvšÍwiZ g¨vwUª·)
• msMv: GKwU g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi‡K Kjv‡g A_ev Kjvg‡K mvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i †h g¨vwUª·
cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K we¤^ /i~cvšÍwiZ g¨vwUª· e‡j|
• 𝐴 GKwU g¨vwUª· n‡j we¤^ /i~cvšÍwiZ g¨vwUª· †K 𝐴/ ev 𝐴𝑇 ev 𝐴𝑡 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
• we¤^ /i~cvšÍwiZ g¨vwU‡·i ¸Yvejx :
1. 𝐴 GKwU g¨vwUª· n‡j 𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = 𝐴
2. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 Ges 𝐴 − 𝐵 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 − 𝐵𝑡
3. 𝐴𝐵 𝑡 = 𝐵𝑡 𝐴𝑡
 Multiplication of Matrix
(g¨vwUª‡·i ¸Yb)

➢ ¸Yb †hvM¨Zv:
cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨ = wØZxq g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v|

➢ ¸Yb cÖwµqv:
cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZwU mvwii mv‡_ wØZxq g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZwU Kjvg‡K
¸Y K‡i †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
G
 −5
• 𝑀 = 1 2 −3 Ges 𝑁 = 0 n‡j 𝑀𝑁 wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
1
−5
K. −8 L. 0 M. −5 0 −3 N. 0
−3
✓e¨vL¨v :
 Practice Session

1 −1
•𝑃= n‡j 𝑃2 − 2𝐼 Gi gvb KZ?
0 3
0
• 𝐴 = 2 −1 4 Ges 𝐵 = 2 n‡j 3𝐴𝐵 Gi gvb KZ ?
1
0
• 𝐴 = 2 −1 4 Ges 𝐵 = 2 n‡j B𝐴 Gi gvb KZ ?
1
 Order of a Matrix
(g¨vwU&ª‡·i µg ev gvÎv)

▪`yBwU g¨vwUª‡·i ¸b‡Yi kZ©:

cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨ = wØZxq g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v|
𝐴 g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv = 𝑝 × 𝑞
𝐵 g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv = 𝑞 × 𝑛
GLv‡b 𝐴 g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg = 𝐵 g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi = 𝑞
Zvn‡j 𝐴𝐵 g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡e = 𝑝 × 𝑛
 2
2 8 0
▪ 𝐴= , 𝐵 = 5 n‡j 𝐴𝐵 Gi µg KZ?
3 6 9
1
𝑖) 3 × 1 𝑖𝑖) 2 × 1 𝑖𝑖𝑖) 1 × 2 𝑖𝑣) 1 × 3
e¨vL¨v :
 Order Related MCQ
(gvÎv msµvšÍ mcq)
▪ 𝐴 , 𝐵, 𝐶 g¨vwUª· wZbwUi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 3 × 4, 4 × 5, 5 × 3 |
Zvn‡j 𝐴𝐵 𝐶 Gi gvÎv KZ n‡e ?
𝑖)3 × 5 𝑖𝑖)3 × 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖)5 × 3 𝑖𝑣)5 × 4
e¨vL¨v :
• 𝐴 , 𝐵, 𝐶 g¨vwUª· wZbwUi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 3 × 4, 4 × 3 & 5 × 4. n‡j
𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 . 𝐶 𝑇 Gi gvÎv KZ n‡e ?
𝑖)3 × 5 𝑖𝑖)3 × 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖)5 × 3 𝑖𝑣)5 × 4
e¨vL¨v :
 Practice Session

1 2
2 8 0
* P= , 𝑄 = 5 7 n‡j 𝐴𝐵 Gi µg KZ?
3 6 9
9 0
𝑖) 3 × 2 𝑖𝑖) 2 × 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2 × 2 𝑖𝑣) 3 × 3

* P , 𝑄, 𝑅 g¨vwUª· wZbwUi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4 × 4, 3 × 4 & 5 × 3. n‡j

𝑃𝑄 𝑇 . 𝑅𝑇 Gi gvÎv KZ n‡e ?
𝑖)4 × 5 𝑖𝑖)3 × 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖)5 × 3 𝑖𝑣)5 × 4
 Trace of a Matrix
(g¨vwU&ª‡·i ‡Uªm ev bvwf)
▪ msMv : eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb/g~L¨ K‡Y©i †hvMdj‡K †Uªm ev bvwf e‡j|

𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13

𝐴 = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 n‡j, 𝐴 g¨vwUª‡·i ‡Uªm = 𝑎11 + 𝑎22 + 𝑎33
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

4 2 −8
D`vniY : P = 5 −7 9 . 𝑃 g¨vwUª‡·i ‡Uªm = 4 − 7 + 6 = 3
0 5 6
 3 −1 7
▪𝐴 = 9 𝑘 0 .
2 6 3𝑘
𝑘 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡j 𝐴 g¨vwUª‡·i †Uªm = 15 n‡e ?
15
𝑖) 3 𝑖𝑖) 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑖𝑣) 6
7
e¨vL¨v :
 Practice Session
(Trace related)

−9 7 0
✓ 7 5 8 g¨vwUª‡·i ‡Uªm KZ ?
5 8 2

−9𝑎 7 0
✓ 7 5𝑎2 8 g¨vwUª‡·i ‡Uªm 4 n‡j 𝑎 Gi gvb KZ ?
5 8 2
 Symmetric Matrix
(cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·)
Concept:
hw` 𝐴 GKwU g¨vwUª· nq Ges 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴 nq, Zvn‡j 𝐴 g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg n‡e|
➢ 𝑀𝐶𝑄 Gi Rb¨ Short 𝑇𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 :
eM© g¨vwUª‡·i g~L¨ KY© ev` w`‡q Aewkó KY©My‡jv mgvb n‡j cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e|
5 8 2
✓ D`vniY: 8 0 9 g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg|
2 9 3
 MCQ of Symmetric Matrix
6 4 0
• 𝛼 Gi gvb KZ n‡j 𝛼 7 9 g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg n‡e ?
0 9 6
𝑖) 6 𝑖𝑖) 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖)0 𝑖𝑣) 7

e¨vL¨v :
 Multiple Choice MCQ
• 𝐴 g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡e hLb-
𝑖) 𝐴 eM© g¨vwUª· 𝑖𝑖) 𝐴2 = 𝐴 𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K) 𝑖 I 𝑖𝑖 L) 𝑖 I 𝑖𝑖𝑖 M) 𝑖𝑖 I 𝑖𝑖 N) 𝑖, 𝑖𝑖 I 𝑖𝑖𝑖

✓ e¨vL¨v :
 Skew Symmetric Matrix
(wecÖwZmg / eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· )
• Concept :
hw` 𝐴 GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴 nq, Zvn‡j 𝐴 g¨vwUª·wU we-cÖwZmg
n‡e|
➢ 𝑀𝐶𝑄 Gi Rb¨ Short 𝑇𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 : 2wU kZ© :
∗ g~L¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv ïb¨ n‡e|
∗ Aewkó KY©¸‡jv mgvb Ges wecixZ wPnœwewkó n‡e|
0 −8 2
✓ D`vniY: 8 0 −9 g¨vwUª·wU wecÖwZmg|
−2 9 0
• wb‡Pi †KvbwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ?
2 0 2 0 0 3 0 1
K. L. M. N.
0 2 0 −2 −3 0 1 0
✓e¨vL¨v :
 0 5 −4
• hw` −5 0 𝑦 g¨vwUª·wU wecÖwZmg n‡j 𝑥, 𝑦 =?
𝑥 2 0
K. −4,2 L. 4,2 M. −4, −2 N. 4, −2

✓e¨vL¨v :
 Practice Session

❖ wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ?

0 3 −1 0 3 5 6 3 −5 8 3 0
K. −3 0 7 L. −3 0 7 M. 3 9 7 N. 3 0 7
−1 7 9 5 7 0 5 7 3 0 7 5

𝑎 3 −5
❖ 3 𝑏 𝑘 g¨vwUª·wU wecÖwZmg n‡j 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 𝑘 Gi gvb KZ?
5 7 𝑐
 Idempotent Matrix (mgNvZx g¨vwUª·)
𝟐
𝑨 g¨vwUª· ‡K mgNvZx ejv n‡e hw` 𝑨 = 𝑨 nq|
➢ 𝑀𝐶𝑄 Gi Rb¨ 2 × 2 AvKv‡ii
𝑎 𝑎−1
mgNvZx g¨vwUª· wPbvi Dcvq , A =
−𝑎 −(𝑎 − 1)
GLv‡b , cÖ_g mvwii fzw³¸‡jv wb¤œµ‡g n‡e|
wØZxq mvwii fzw³¸‡jv cÖ_g mvwii fzw³i wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡e|
➢ 𝐴 Gi we¤^ g¨vwUª·I mgNvwZ g¨vwUª·|
➢ A‡f`K Ges eM©vKvi kyb¨ g¨vwUª·I mgNvwZ g¨vwUª·|
❖wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgNvZx g¨vwUª· ?
3 2 3 4 3 −3 −3 −1
K. L. M. N.
−3 −2 −3 −4 1 −1 3 1

𝑎 𝑎−1
✓ e¨vL¨v : A=
−𝑎 −(𝑎 − 1)
 Involutory Matrix (A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª·)
• A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· : GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· 𝐴 ‡K A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` 𝐴2 = 𝐼 nq|
➢ A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· wPbvi Dcvq : 2wU
𝑎 𝑎+1
cÖ_g Dcvq: A = ; GLv‡b cÖ_g mvwii fzw³¸‡jv EaŸ©µ‡g n‡e Ges
−(𝑎 − 1) −𝑎
wØZxq mvwii fzw³¸‡jv cÖ_g mvwii fzw³ ‡_‡K 1 Kg Ges wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡e|
5 6
D`vniY: 𝐴 = GKwU A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª·|
−4 −5
𝑎 𝑎−1
wØZxq Dcvq: A = ; GLv‡b cÖ_g mvwii fzw³¸‡jv wb¤œµ‡g n‡e Ges
−(𝑎 + 1) −𝑎
wØZxq mvwii fzw³¸‡jv cÖ_g mvwii fzw³ ‡_‡K 1 ‡ewk Ges wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡e|
5 4
D`vniY: 𝐴 = GKwU A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª·|
−6 −5
 Involutory Matrix Related 𝑀𝐶𝑄
➢wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· ?
7 8 −6 −7 7 8 7 8
K. L. M. N.
−5 −6 7 8 −6 −7 −8 −7
✓ e¨vL¨v :
𝑎 𝑎+1
A=
−(𝑎 − 1) −𝑎
 Involutory Matrix Related 𝑀𝐶𝑄
5 6
➢ g¨vwUª·wU A‡f`NvwZ n‡j 𝛼, 𝛽 =?
𝛼 𝛽
K. −6, 7 L. −4, −5 M. −7, −5 N. −6, −8
✓ e¨vL¨v :
𝑎 𝑎+1
A=
−(𝑎 − 1) −𝑎
 Nilpotent matrix ( k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª·)

• Concept : GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· 𝐴 ‡K k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` 𝐴𝑛 = 0 nq, †hLv‡b 𝑛
ÿz`Zª g ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Ges 0 k~b¨ g¨vwUª· wb‡`©k K‡i|
𝑎 𝑎
➢ k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· wPbvi Dcvq : 𝐴 =
−𝑎 −𝑎
GLv‡b, cÖ_g mvwii fzw³¸‡jv GKB gv‡bi n‡e Ges 2q mvwii fzw³¸‡jv wecixZ wPnèhy³ n‡e|
5 5
➢ D`vniY : 𝐴 = GKwU k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª·|
−5 −5
5 −5
➢ 𝐴 Gi we¤^ g¨vwUª· I k~b¨NvwZ| | †hgb: 𝐴 =
5 −5
0 0 0
0 0
➢ mKj eM©vKvi k~b¨ g¨vwUª· GKwU k~b¨NvwZ| †hgb: , 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
 Practice Session

❖ 2 × 2 AvKv‡ii GKwU mgNvwZ g¨vwUª· wjL|

❖ 2 × 2 AvKv‡ii `yB wbq‡gi 1wU K‡i A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· wjL|

❖ 2 × 2 AvKv‡ii GKwU k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· wjL|

 Adjoint Matrix
A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª·
2 5
•𝐴= n‡j 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 =?
−4 8
8 −4 −2 −4 8 −5 2 −5
K. L. M. N.
5 2 5 −8 4 2 4 8

✓e¨vL¨v :
 Inverse Matrix(wecixZ g¨vwUª·)

MvwYwZK msMv
𝐴 Ges 𝐵 `yBwU eM© g¨vwUª· nq Ges 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼 ( Identity
−1 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 −1 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐵
Matrix ) Zvn‡j 𝐵 = 𝐴 = A_ev, A = 𝐵 =
𝐴 𝐵
GLv‡b, I= Identity Matrix (A‡f`K g¨vwUª· )
1 0 0
1 0
𝐼2 = Ges 𝐼3 = 0 1 0
0 1
0 0 1
2 × 2 AvKv‡ii wecixZ g¨vwUª· ‡ei Kivi mswÿß †g_W

𝑎 𝑏 1 1 𝑑 −𝑏
•𝐴= n‡j 𝐴−1 = . 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 =
𝑐 𝑑 𝐴 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 𝑎

𝑎 𝑏
GLv‡b, 𝐴 = = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
𝑐 𝑑

8 5 −1 1 1 −5 1 1 −5
➢D`vniY : 𝐴 = n‡j 𝐴 = =
−3 1 8+15 3 8 23 3 8
Practice Session

9 −3
𝐴= n‡j
2 4

𝑖. 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = ?

𝑖𝑖. 𝐴−1 = ?
 3 × 3 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©q|

1
0 0
𝑎
1
❖ ‡ n‡j 𝐴−1 = 0 𝑏
0 n‡e|
1
0 0
𝑐
1
8 0 0 0 0
8
3 −1 2
➢ D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 2
0 ∴𝐴 = 0 3
0
0 0 −5 −1
0 0
5
3 × 3 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª‡·i A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª· wbY©q|

𝑎 0 0 𝑏𝑐 0 0
❖𝐴= 0 𝑏 0 n‡j Adj A = 0 𝑐𝑎 0 n‡e|
0 0 𝑐 0 0 𝑎𝑏

2 0 0 5 0 0
➢ D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 5 0 ∴ Adj A = 0 2 0
0 0 1 0 0 10
 KY© g¨vwUª‡·i m~PK

𝑎 0 0 𝑎𝑛 0 0
❖𝐴= 0 𝑏 0 n‡j 𝐴𝑛 = 0 𝑏𝑛 0 n‡e|
0 0 𝑐 0 0 𝑐𝑛

3 0 0 33 0 0 27 0 0
➢ D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 4 0 ∴ 𝐴3 = 0 43 0 = 0 64 0
0 0 2 0 0 23 0 0 8
Practice Session

7 0 0
➢𝐴= 0 1 0 n‡j wbY©q Ki:
0 0 5

𝑖. 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 =?
𝑖𝑖. 𝐴−1 = ?
𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴4 = ?
 Singular Matrix(e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·)

• ‡h g¨vwUª·i wbYv©q‡Ki gvb k~b¨, Zv‡K e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j|

6 3
D`vniY: 𝐴 = GKwU e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· |
8 4
6 3
KviY, 𝐴 = = 6.4 − 3.8 = 24 − 24 = 0
8 4
 Õe¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·Õ wi‡j‡UW 𝑀𝐶𝑄

𝑚−2 6
❖ g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡j 𝑚 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
2 𝑚−3
𝑖) 𝟔, −𝟏 𝑖𝑖) − 4, 6 𝑖𝑖𝑖) − 6, 4 𝑖𝑣) 1, −6
✓ e¨vL¨v :
 Non-Singular Matrix(Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·)

• ‡h g¨vwUª·i wbYv©q‡Ki gvb k~b¨ bq, Zv‡K Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j|

7 3
➢ D`vniY: 𝐴 = GKwU e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· |
8 4
7 3
KviY, 𝐴 = = 7.4 − 3.8 = 28 − 24 = 4 ≠ 0
8 4
 Determinant Related MCQ
wbY©vqK msµvšÍ MCQ
❖ KY© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q :
𝑎 0 0 𝑎 0 0
𝐴 = 0 𝑏 0 n‡j 𝐴 = 0 𝑏 0 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐.
0 0 𝑐 0 0 𝑐

4 0 0 4 0 0
D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 5 0 ∴ 𝐴 = 0 5 0 = 4.5.1 = 20
0 0 1 0 0 1
 Determinant Related MCQ
wbY©vqK msµvšÍ MCQ
❖ EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q:

𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 𝑎 𝑥 𝑦
𝐴= 0 𝑏 𝑧 n‡j 𝐴 = 0 𝑏 𝑧 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 .
0 0 𝑐 0 0 𝑐
4 7 8 4 7 8
D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 5 9 ∴ 𝐴 = 0 5 9 = 4.5.1 = 20
0 0 1 0 0 1
 Determinant Related MCQ
wbY©vqK msµvšÍ MCQ
❖ wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q :
𝑎 0 0 𝑎 0 0
𝐴 = 𝑥 𝑏 0 n‡j 𝐴 = 𝑥 𝑏 0 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐.
𝑦 𝑧 𝑐 𝑦 𝑧 𝑐

4 0 0 4 0 0
D`vniY : 𝐴 = 2 5 0 ∴ 𝐴 = 2 5 0 = 4.5.1 = 20
3 8 1 3 8 1
 Principal & secondary terms of Determinant
wbY©vq‡Ki gyL¨c` Ges gva¨wgK c`
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
❖ 𝐴 = 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 n‡j gyL¨c` = 𝑎. 𝑒. 𝑖 Ges gva¨wgK c`= 𝑐. 𝑒. 𝑔
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖

4 5 7
➢ D`vniY : 𝐴 = 0 5 0
1 8 3
∴ gyL¨c` = 4.5.3 = 60 Ges gva¨wgK c`= 7.5.1 = 35
 Determinant Related MCQ
wbY©vqK msµvšÍ MCQ
❖ cvkvcvwk `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg ¸‡YvËi cÖMg‡b _vK‡j wbY©vqK = 𝟎|

2 8 7
➢ D`vniY 1 : 1 4 6 =0
3 12 2

2 −1 3
➢ D`vniY 2 : 4 −2 6 = 0
3 10 2
 Determinant Related MCQ
wbY©vqK msµvšÍ MCQ

❖ wbY©vq‡Ki †h †Kvb `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg GKB n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨|

2 3 2
➢ D`vniY : i. 4 5 4 =0
−1 7 −1

8 3 9
𝑖𝑖. 8 3 9 = 0
−1 7 −1
Concept of Minor & Co-factor of Determinant
wbY©vq‡Ki Abyivwk Ges mn¸Y‡Ki m~Î
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
❖ 𝐷𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 n‡j,
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎11 Gi Abyivwk = 𝑎 𝑎33 ; GLv‡b wPnœ memgq wbY©vq‡Ki c~‡e© + wPnè n‡e
32

𝑖+𝑗
𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎11 Gi mn¸YK = −1 𝑎32 𝑎33 GLv‡b, 𝑖=mvwi msL¨v, 𝑗 = Kjvg msL¨v
 Minor of Determinant
wbY©vq‡Ki Abyivwk
❖ wbY©vq‡Ki Abyivwk:
2 5 7
1 4 6 wbY©vq‡Ki ---
3 8 9
4 6
➢ 2 Gi ev 1,1 Zg Abyivwk = = 4.9 − 8.6 = 36 − 48 = −12
8 9
5 7
➢ 1 Gi ev 2,1 Zg Abyivwk = = 5.9 − 8.7 = 45 − 56 = −11
8 9
2 7
➢ 8 Gi ev 3,2 Zg Abyivwk = = 2.6 − 1.7 = 12 − 7 = 5
1 6
 Co-factor of Determinant
wbY©vq‡Ki mn¸YK
❖wbY©vq‡Ki mn¸YK :
2 5 7
1 4 6 wbY©vq‡Ki ---
3 8 9
4
6
➢ 2 Gi ev 1,1 Zg mn¸YK = = 4.9 − 8.6 = 36 − 48 = −12
8
9
5 7
➢ 1 Gi ev 2,1 Zg mn¸YK = − = − 5.9 − 8.7 = −(45 − 56) = 11
8 9
2 7
➢ 8 Gi ev 3,2 Zg mn¸YK = − = − 2.6 − 1.7 = − 12 − 7 = −5
1 6
𝐴 GKwU 𝑛 × 𝑛 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·, 𝑘 GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges
𝐴 ≠ 0 n‡j 𝐾𝐴 = 𝐾 × 𝐴 𝑛

❖ 𝐴 GKwU 2 × 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = 5 n‡j 3𝐴 Gi gvb KZ?

5 5
K. L. M. 15 N. 45
9 3
❖ 𝐴 GKwU 𝑛 × 𝑛 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·, 𝑘 GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges 𝐴 ≠ 0
n‡j
−1 1
➢ 𝐴 =
𝐴
−1 1 1
➢ 𝐾𝐴 = =
𝐾𝐴 𝑘𝑛 𝐴
𝑘𝑛
➢ 𝐾𝐴−1 =
𝐴
 𝐴 GKwU 𝑛 × 𝑛 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·, 𝑘 GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk
−1 1
Ges 𝐴 ≠ 0 n‡j 𝐴 =
𝐴
• 𝐴 GKwU 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = 5 n‡j 𝐴−1 Gi gvb KZ?
1 3 1
K. L. M. N. 45
5 5 15
 𝐴 GKwU 𝑛 × 𝑛 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·, 𝑘 GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges
−1 1 1
𝐴 ≠ 0 n‡j , 𝐾𝐴 = = 𝑛
𝐾𝐴 𝑘 𝐴

❖ 𝐴 GKwU 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = −7 n‡j 2𝐴 −1 Gi gvb KZ?

−1 −1 −8 −2
K. L. M. N.
14 56 7 7
 𝐴 GKwU 𝑛 × 𝑛 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·, 𝑘 GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges
𝑘 𝑛
−1
𝐴 ≠ 0 n‡j , 𝐾𝐴 =
𝐴
❖ 𝐴 GKwU 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = 5 n‡j 4𝐴−1 Gi gvb KZ?
64 12 4 36
K. L. M. N.
5 5 5 5
 Feedback Session
Marks 10
−7 0 9
❖ 𝐴 = 8 5 3 n‡j
2 −6 9
1. 𝐴23 Zg fzw³i Abyivwk Ges mn¸YK wbY©q Ki| 2
2. gyL¨c` Ges gva¨wgK c` wbY©q Ki| 2
2 10 9
3. 3 15 3 =? 2
1 5 9
4. 𝐴 GKwU 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = −6 n‡j 3𝐴 −1 Gi gvb KZ? 2
5. 𝐴 GKwU 3 × 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges 𝐴 = 8 n‡j 4𝐴 Gi gvb KZ? 2