PACKAGE-TYPE BOILER WITH DUAL FUEL

SOURCES: NATURAL GAS AND DIESEL

Fire-tube design: Heat from fuel (natural gas or diesel) is transferred

to water through fire tubes.

Pre-assembled, compact system for steam generation.

Dual-fuel capability: Natural Gas and Diesel

Flexibility: Switches between fuels based on availability and cost,

optimizing fuel use in industrial applications.
BASIC PARTS OF FIRE-TUBE BOILER
BURNER: The component where fuel (natural gas or
diesel) mixes with air and ignites to produce flames.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER: The area where fuel is burned,
generating heat energy.
FIRE TUBES: Tubes through which hot gases travel,
transferring heat to the surrounding water.
WATER JACKET: The outer shell filled with water, which
absorbs heat from the fire tubes.
STEAM OUTLET: The opening where generated steam exits
the boiler for use.
CHIMNEY: The pipe or structure that expels flue gases
safely into the atmosphere.
PRESSURE GAUGE: Displays the internal pressure of the
boiler.
SAFETY VALVE: Releases pressure if it exceeds safe levels.
 FIRE SIDE AND WATER SIDE OVERVIEW
FIRE SIDE WATER SIDE

Combustion Process: Natural gas or Heat Absorption: Water surrounds the

diesel burns in the furnace, generating fire tubes, absorbing heat to produce
heat to convert water into steam. steam.
• Natural Gas: Clean, efficient, and Feedwater System: Supplies treated
low emissions. water, often preheated for efficiency.
• Diesel: Higher energy output but Blowdown Valve: Removes impurities,
more emissions and cost. preventing scaling and maintaining heat
Heat Transfer: Hot gases flow through transfer.
fire tubes, transferring heat to Maintenance: Monitoring water quality
surrounding water. avoids corrosion, prolonging boiler life.
Maintenance: Regular cleaning
prevents soot buildup and overheating.
 CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Burner Control: Optimizes fuel input

(natural gas/diesel) and air-fuel ratio,
managing ignition and shutdown.
Pressure Gauge: Ensures safe steam
pressure levels, preventing over-
pressurization.
Temperature Sensors: Monitors water and
gas temperatures for safe, efficient
operation.
Safety Valves: Release steam/water to
protect against excess pressure.
Automated Blowdown: Removes water
impurities, maintaining efficiency and
system integrity.
 COMPLETE VS. INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
COMPLETE INCOMPLETE
COMBUSTION COMBUSTION
Definition: Fuel burns fully with Definition: Insufficient oxygen leads
enough oxygen, producing CO₂ and to CO, soot, and unburned fuel.
maximum energy. Advantages:
Advantages: • Easier with minimal air-fuel
• High efficiency and energy control.
output. Disadvantages:
• Lower emissions (less CO, soot). • Lower efficiency, wasting fuel.
Disadvantage: • Harmful emissions (CO,
• Requires precise air-fuel control. particulates).
 WHY EXCESS AIR IS NEEDED?

Role of Excess Air in Combustion

Ensures Complete Combustion: Additional oxygen helps fully combust fuel,
maximizing energy production.
Reduces Harmful Emissions: Minimizes CO production by promoting complete
oxidation to CO₂.
Challenges with Excess Air
Lower Efficiency: Too much air cools combustion, reducing thermal efficiency.
Energy Loss: Excess air absorbs heat, lowering heat transfer to the water side.
Optimal Air-Fuel Ratio
Goal: Balance air and fuel to ensure sufficient oxygen without over-supplying,
maximizing efficiency and minimizing emissions.