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gcloud compute backend-services add-backend

NAME
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend - add a backend to a backend service
SYNOPSIS
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME ([--instance-group=INSTANCE_GROUP : --instance-group-region=INSTANCE_GROUP_REGION | --instance-group-zone=INSTANCE_GROUP_ZONE]     | [--network-endpoint-group=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP : --global-network-endpoint-group | --network-endpoint-group-region=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP_REGION | --network-endpoint-group-zone=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP_ZONE]) [--balancing-mode=BALANCING_MODE] [--capacity-scaler=CAPACITY_SCALER] [--description=DESCRIPTION] [--failover] [--max-utilization=MAX_UTILIZATION] [--preference=PREFERENCE] [--traffic-duration=TRAFFIC_DURATION] [--custom-metrics=[CUSTOM_METRICS,…]     | --custom-metrics-file=[CUSTOM_METRICS,…]] [--global     | --region=REGION] [--max-connections=MAX_CONNECTIONS     | --max-connections-per-endpoint=MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_ENDPOINT     | --max-connections-per-instance=MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_INSTANCE     | --max-in-flight-requests=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS     | --max-in-flight-requests-per-endpoint=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS_PER_ENDPOINT     | --max-in-flight-requests-per-instance=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS_PER_INSTANCE     | --max-rate=MAX_RATE     | --max-rate-per-endpoint=MAX_RATE_PER_ENDPOINT     | --max-rate-per-instance=MAX_RATE_PER_INSTANCE] [GCLOUD_WIDE_FLAG …]
DESCRIPTION
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend adds a backend to a Google Cloud load balancer or Traffic Director. Depending on the load balancing scheme of the backend service, backends can be instance groups (managed or unmanaged), zonal network endpoint groups (zonal NEGs), serverless NEGs, or an internet NEG. For more information, see the backend services overview.

For most load balancers, you can define how Google Cloud measures capacity by selecting a balancing mode. For more information, see traffic distribution.

To modify a backend, use the gcloud compute backend-services update-backend or gcloud compute backend-services edit command.
POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS
BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME
Name of the backend service to operate on.
REQUIRED FLAGS
Exactly one of these must be specified: Instance Group
--instance-group=INSTANCE_GROUP
Name of the instance group to add to the backend service. For details on valid instance names, refer to the criteria documented under the field 'name' at: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/instances This flag argument must be specified if any of the other arguments in this group are specified. At most one of these can be specified:
--instance-group-region=INSTANCE_GROUP_REGION
Region of the instance group to add to the backend service. If not specified, you might be prompted to select a region (interactive mode only).

To avoid prompting when this flag is omitted, you can set the compute/region property: 

gcloud config set compute/region REGION

A list of regions can be fetched by running: 

gcloud compute regions list

To unset the property, run: 

gcloud config unset compute/region
 Alternatively, the region can be stored in the environment variable CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_REGION.
--instance-group-zone=INSTANCE_GROUP_ZONE
Zone of the instance group to add to the backend service. If not specified and the compute/zone property isn't set, you might be prompted to select a zone (interactive mode only).

To avoid prompting when this flag is omitted, you can set the compute/zone property: 

gcloud config set compute/zone ZONE

A list of zones can be fetched by running: 

gcloud compute zones list

To unset the property, run: 

gcloud config unset compute/zone
 Alternatively, the zone can be stored in the environment variable CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_ZONE. Network Endpoint Group
--network-endpoint-group=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP
Name of the network endpoint group to add to the backend service. This flag argument must be specified if any of the other arguments in this group are specified. At most one of these can be specified:
--global-network-endpoint-group
If set, the network endpoint group is global.
--network-endpoint-group-region=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP_REGION
Region of the network endpoint group to add to the backend service. If not specified, you might be prompted to select a region (interactive mode only).

To avoid prompting when this flag is omitted, you can set the compute/region property: 

gcloud config set compute/region REGION

A list of regions can be fetched by running: 

gcloud compute regions list

To unset the property, run: 

gcloud config unset compute/region
 Alternatively, the region can be stored in the environment variable CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_REGION.
--network-endpoint-group-zone=NETWORK_ENDPOINT_GROUP_ZONE
Zone of the network endpoint group to add to the backend service. If not specified and the compute/zone property isn't set, you might be prompted to select a zone (interactive mode only).

To avoid prompting when this flag is omitted, you can set the compute/zone property: 

gcloud config set compute/zone ZONE

A list of zones can be fetched by running: 

gcloud compute zones list

To unset the property, run: 

gcloud config unset compute/zone
 Alternatively, the zone can be stored in the environment variable CLOUDSDK_COMPUTE_ZONE.
OPTIONAL FLAGS
--balancing-mode=BALANCING_MODE
Defines how to measure whether a backend can handle additional traffic or is fully loaded. For more information, see https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/docs/backend-service#balancing-mode.

This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.

BALANCING_MODE must be one of:
CONNECTION
Available if the backend service's load balancing scheme is either INTERNAL or EXTERNAL. Available if the backend service's protocol is one of SSL, TCP, or UDP.

Spreads load based on how many concurrent connections the backend can handle.

For backend services with --load-balancing-scheme EXTERNAL, you must specify exactly one of these additional parameters: --max-connections, --max-connections-per-instance, or --max-connections-per-endpoint.

For backend services where --load-balancing-scheme is INTERNAL, you must omit all of these parameters.
CUSTOM_METRICS
Spreads load based on custom defined and reported metrics.
IN_FLIGHT
Available if the backend service's load balancing scheme is INTERNAL_MANAGED, INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, or EXTERNAL_MANAGED. Available if the backend service's protocol is one of HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP/2.

Spreads load based on how many in-flight requests the backend can handle.

You must specify exactly one of these additional parameters: --max-in-flight-requests, --max-in-flight-requests-per-instance, or --max-in-flight-requests-per-endpoint, and --traffic-duration=LONG.
RATE
Available if the backend service's load balancing scheme is INTERNAL_MANAGED, INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, or EXTERNAL. Available if the backend service's protocol is one of HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP/2.

Spreads load based on how many HTTP requests per second (RPS) the backend can handle.

You must specify exactly one of these additional parameters: --max-rate, --max-rate-per-instance, or --max-rate-per-endpoint.
UTILIZATION
Available if the backend service's load balancing scheme is INTERNAL_MANAGED, INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, or EXTERNAL. Available only for managed or unmanaged instance group backends.

Spreads load based on the backend utilization of instances in a backend instance group.

The following additional parameters may be specified: --max-utilization, --max-rate, --max-rate-per-instance, --max-connections, --max-connections-per-instance. For valid combinations, see --max-utilization.
--capacity-scaler=CAPACITY_SCALER
Scales down the target capacity (max utilization, max rate, or max connections) without changing the target capacity. For usage guidelines and examples, see Capacity scaler. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--description=DESCRIPTION
An optional, textual description for the backend.
--failover
Designates whether this is a failover backend. More than one failover backend can be configured for a given BackendService. Not compatible with the --global flag
--max-utilization=MAX_UTILIZATION
Defines the maximum target for average utilization of the backend instance group. Supported values are 0.0 (0%) through 1.0 (100%). This is an optional parameter for the UTILIZATION balancing mode. You can use this parameter with other parameters for defining target capacity. For usage guidelines, see Balancing mode combinations.
--preference=PREFERENCE
This parameter specifies whether a backend should be fully utilized before sending traffic to backends with the default preference. This parameter cannot be used with regional managed instance groups and when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS. PREFERENCE must be one of:
DEFAULT
This is the default setting. If the designated preferred backends don't have enough capacity, backends in the default category are used. Traffic is distributed between default backends based on the load balancing algorithm used.
PREFERRED
Backends with this preference setting are used up to their capacity limits first, while optimizing overall network latency.
--traffic-duration=TRAFFIC_DURATION
The expected traffic duration for this service. TRAFFIC_DURATION must be one of:
LONG
Most of the requests are expected to take more than multiple seconds to finish.
SHORT
Most requests are expected to finish with a sub-second latency.
TRAFFIC_DURATION_UNSPECIFIED
Default value. Defaults to SHORT.
At most one of these can be specified:
--custom-metrics=[CUSTOM_METRICS,…]
List of custom metrics that are used for CUSTOM_METRICS balancing mode and WEIGHTED_ROUND_ROBIN locality load balancing policy.

Example: 

gcloud compute backend-services add-backend --custom-metrics='name=my-signal,maxUtilization=0.8,dryRun=true'
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend --custom-metrics='name=my-signal,maxUtilization=0.8,dryRun=true'--custom-metrics='name=my-signal2,maxUtilization=0.2'
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend --custom-metrics='[{"name" : "my-signal", "maxUtilization" :
 0.8, "dryRun" : true}, {"name" : "my-signal2", "maxUtilization" :
 0.1}]'

Sets custom_metrics value.

dryRun
Sets dryRun value.
maxUtilization
Sets maxUtilization value.
name
Required, sets name value.
Shorthand Example: 

--custom-metrics=dryRun=boolean,maxUtilization=float,name=string --custom-metrics=dryRun=boolean,maxUtilization=float,name=string

JSON Example: 

--custom-metrics='[{"dryRun": boolean, "maxUtilization": float, "name": "string"}]'

File Example: 

--custom-metrics=path_to_file.(yaml|json)
--custom-metrics-file=[CUSTOM_METRICS,…]
File path to json file with custom metrics that are used for CUSTOM_METRICS balancing mode and WEIGHTED_ROUND_ROBIN locality load balancing policy.

Example: 

gcloud compute backend-services add-backend --custom-metrics-file='customMetric.json'

Sets custom_metrics_file value.

dryRun
Sets dryRun value.
maxUtilization
Sets maxUtilization value.
name
Required, sets name value.
Shorthand Example: 

--custom-metrics-file=dryRun=boolean,maxUtilization=float,name=string --custom-metrics-file=dryRun=boolean,maxUtilization=float,name=string

JSON Example: 

--custom-metrics-file='[{"dryRun": boolean, "maxUtilization": float, "name": "string"}]'

File Example: 

--custom-metrics-file=path_to_file.(yaml|json)
At most one of these can be specified:
--global
If set, the backend service is global.
--region=REGION
Region of the backend service to operate on. Overrides the default compute/region property value for this command invocation.
At most one of these can be specified:
--max-connections=MAX_CONNECTIONS
Maximum concurrent connections that the backend can handle. Valid for network endpoint group and instance group backends (except for regional managed instance groups). This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-connections-per-endpoint=MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_ENDPOINT
Only valid for network endpoint group backends. Defines a maximum number of connections per endpoint if all endpoints are healthy. When one or more endpoints are unhealthy, an effective maximum average number of connections per healthy endpoint is calculated by multiplying MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_ENDPOINT by the number of endpoints in the network endpoint group, and then dividing by the number of healthy endpoints. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-connections-per-instance=MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_INSTANCE
Only valid for instance group backends. Defines a maximum number of concurrent connections per instance if all instances in the instance group are healthy. When one or more instances are unhealthy, an effective average maximum number of connections per healthy instance is calculated by multiplying MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_INSTANCE by the number of instances in the instance group, and then dividing by the number of healthy instances.
--max-in-flight-requests=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS
Maximum number of in-flight requests that the backend can handle. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-in-flight-requests-per-endpoint=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS_PER_ENDPOINT
Only valid for network endpoint group backends. Defines the maximum number of in-flight requests per endpoint. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-in-flight-requests-per-instance=MAX_IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS_PER_INSTANCE
Only valid for instance group backends. Defines the maximum number of in-flight requests per instance. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-rate=MAX_RATE
Maximum number of HTTP requests per second (RPS) that the backend can handle. Valid for network endpoint group and instance group backends (except for regional managed instance groups). Must not be defined if the backend is a managed instance group using load balancing-based autoscaling. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-rate-per-endpoint=MAX_RATE_PER_ENDPOINT
Only valid for network endpoint group backends. Defines a maximum number of HTTP requests per second (RPS) per endpoint if all endpoints are healthy. When one or more endpoints are unhealthy, an effective maximum rate per healthy endpoint is calculated by multiplying MAX_RATE_PER_ENDPOINT by the number of endpoints in the network endpoint group, and then dividing by the number of healthy endpoints. This cannot be used when the endpoint type of an attached network endpoint group is INTERNET_IP_PORT, INTERNET_FQDN_PORT, or SERVERLESS.
--max-rate-per-instance=MAX_RATE_PER_INSTANCE
Only valid for instance group backends. Defines a maximum number of HTTP requests per second (RPS) per instance if all instances in the instance group are healthy. When one or more instances are unhealthy, an effective maximum RPS per healthy instance is calculated by multiplying MAX_RATE_PER_INSTANCE by the number of instances in the instance group, and then dividing by the number of healthy instances. This parameter is compatible with managed instance group backends that use autoscaling based on load balancing.
GCLOUD WIDE FLAGS
These flags are available to all commands: --access-token-file, --account, --billing-project, --configuration, --flags-file, --flatten, --format, --help, --impersonate-service-account, --log-http, --project, --quiet, --trace-token, --user-output-enabled, --verbosity.

Run $ gcloud help for details.

NOTES
These variants are also available: 
gcloud alpha compute backend-services add-backend
 
gcloud beta compute backend-services add-backend
 
gcloud preview compute backend-services add-backend