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Quotas and limits

This document lists the quotas and system limits that apply to App Engine.

• Quotas have default values, but you can typically request adjustments.
• System limits are fixed values that can't be changed.

Google Cloud uses quotas to help ensure fairness and reduce spikes in resource use and availability. A quota restricts how much of a Google Cloud resource your Google Cloud project can use. Quotas apply to a range of resource types, including hardware, software, and network components. For example, quotas can restrict the number of API calls to a service, the number of load balancers used concurrently by your project, or the number of projects that you can create. Quotas protect the community of Google Cloud users by preventing the overloading of services. Quotas also help you to manage your own Google Cloud resources.

The Cloud Quotas system does the following:

• Monitors your consumption of Google Cloud products and services
• Restricts your consumption of those resources
• Provides a way to request changes to the quota value and automate quota adjustments

In most cases, when you attempt to consume more of a resource than its quota allows, the system blocks access to the resource, and the task that you're trying to perform fails.

Quotas generally apply at the Google Cloud project level. Your use of a resource in one project doesn't affect your available quota in another project. Within a Google Cloud project, quotas are shared across all applications and IP addresses.

For more information, see the Cloud Quotas overview.

There are also system limits on App Engine resources. System limits can't be changed.

An App Engine application can consume resources up to certain quotas. You can view your application's daily consumption on the Google Cloud console Quota Details page.

Types of quotas

The following types of quotas apply to App Engine applications:

• Free quotas give your application an amount of each resource for free. The details on free quotas can be found under the resources section on this page. After your application exceeds a free quota, you will be billed for any additional use of that resource.

  Only the App Engine standard environment provides free quotas.

• Daily quotas protect the integrity of the App Engine system by ensuring that no single app over-consumes a resource to the detriment of other apps. If you go above these limits, you'll get an error. Daily quotas are refreshed daily at midnight Pacific time.
• Per-minute quotas protect your application from consuming all of its resources in very short periods of time, and prevent other applications from monopolizing a given resource. If your application consumes a resource too quickly and depletes a per-minute quota, the word "Limited" appears next to the appropriate quota on the Quotas page in the Google Cloud console. Requests for resources that reach their per-minute maximum are denied.

Project owners and billing administrators can enable billing for a project.

For details about what happens when a quota is exceeded and how to handle quota overage conditions, see When a resource is depleted.

Tip: The maximum per-minute quotas accommodate high traffic levels, enough to handle a spike in traffic from your site getting mentioned in news stories. If you believe a particular quota does not meet this requirement, submit feedback in the issue tracker. Note that filing feedback is not a request for increasing your quota, but it will help us understand which quota is potentially too low for general use cases.

If you're expecting extremely high traffic levels, or for some reason your app requires particularly high quotas (for example, because of a significant product launch or large load tests), we recommend that you sign up for a support package.

How resources are replenished

App Engine tracks your application's resource usage against system quotas. App Engine resets all resource measurements at the beginning of each calendar day (except for Stored Data, which always represents the amount of datastore storage in use).

Daily quotas are replenished daily at midnight Pacific time. Per-minute quotas are refreshed every 60 seconds.

When a resource is depleted

When an application consumes all of an allocated resource, the resource becomes unavailable until the quota is replenished. This may mean that your application will not work until the quota is replenished.

For resources that are required to initiate a request, when the resource is depleted, App Engine by default returns an HTTP 403 or 503 error code for the request instead of calling a request handler. This behavior applies to the Instance hours resource.

Tip: You can configure your application to serve a custom error page when your application exceeds a quota. For details, see the configuration file reference for Python (2.7, 3), Java, Go, PHP (5.5, 7), or Node.js .

For all other resources, when the resource is depleted, an attempt in the application to consume the resource results in an exception. This exception can be caught by the application and handled, such as by displaying a friendly error message to the user. In the Python API, this exception is apiproxy_errors.OverQuotaError. In the API for Java, this exception is com.google.apphosting.api.ApiProxy.OverQuotaException. In the Go API, the appengine.IsOverQuota function reports whether an error represents an API call failure due to insufficient available quota.

The following example illustrates how to catch the OverQuotaError, which may be raised by the SendMessage() method if an email-related quota has been exceeded:

try:
    mail.SendMessage(to='test@example.com', from='admin@example.com',
            subject='Test Email', body='Testing')
except apiproxy_errors.OverQuotaError, message:
    # Log the error. logging.error(message)
    # Display an informative message to the user.
    self.response.out.write('The email could not be sent. '
            'Please try again later.')

Is your app exceeding the default limits? You can contact Cloud Customer Care to request higher throughput limits. If you need a higher mail quota, you can use SendGrid to send email.

Quotas for the App Engine flexible environment

When you deploy an application to the App Engine flexible environment, some Google Cloud resources are consumed. You might not be able to modify these resources; however, these resources count against your quota.

Resources

An application may use the following resources, subject to quotas. Resources measured against billable limits are indicated with "(billable)." Resource amounts represent an allocation over a 24 hour period.

The cost of additional resources is listed on the Pricing page.

Services, versions, and instances

There are limits to the number of services, versions, and instances (for services with manual scaling) for each application. Both the standard environment and the flexible environment share the same limits for services and versions. For example, if you have standard versions and flexible versions in the same app, those versions count towards the same limit.

^*Backend services, such as a backend service that is used by an external HTTP load balancer, can count towards your maximum versions limit.

Not all projects have the above limits. As your use of Google Cloud Platform expands over time, your limits might increase accordingly. If you expect a notable upcoming increase in usage, you can proactively request adjustments from the App Engine Quotas page in the Google Cloud console.

Default Cloud Storage bucket

The Default Cloud Storage bucket has a free quota for daily usage as shown below. You create this free default bucket in the Google Cloud console App Engine settings page for your project.

The following quotas apply specifically to use of the default bucket. See pricing for Cloud Storage Multi-Regional buckets for a description of these quotas.

Blobstore

The following quotas apply specifically to use of the blobstore.

Blobstore stored data

The total amount of data stored in the blobstore. Available for both paid and free apps.

Code and static data storage

Static data limit

In all languages except Go, no single static data file can be larger than 32MB. The limit for Go is 64MB.

Total storage

The storage quota applies to the total amount of code and static data stored by all versions of your app. The total stored size of code and static files is listed in the Main Dashboard table. Individual sizes are displayed on the Versions and Backends screens respectively. Apps will be charged $ 0.026 per GB per month for any code and static data storage that exceeds 1 GB.

Firestore in Datastore mode (Datastore)

The Stored Data (billable) quota refers to all data stored for the application in Datastore and Blobstore. Other quotas in the "Datastore" section of the Quota Details screen in the Google Cloud console refer specifically to the Datastore service.

Stored data (billable)

The total amount of data stored in datastore entities and corresponding indexes and the Blobstore.

It's important to note that data stored in the datastore may incur significant overhead. This overhead depends on the number and types of associated properties, and includes space used by built-in and custom indexes. Each entity stored in the datastore requires the following metadata:

• The entity key, including the kind, the ID or key name, and the keys of the entity's ancestors.
• The name and value of each property. Since the datastore is schemaless, the name of each property must be stored with the property value for any given entity.
• Any built-in and custom index rows that refer to this entity. Each row contains the entity kind, any number of property values depending on the index definition, and the entity key.

Number of indexes

The number of Datastore indexes that exist for the application. This includes indexes that were created in the past and no longer appear in the application's configuration but have not been deleted. See the Datastore limits page for additional details about limits.

Write operations

The total number of Datastore write operations.

Read operations

The total number of Datastore read operations.

Small operations

The total number of Datastore small operations. Small operations include calls to allocate Datastore IDs or keys-only queries.

Note: Datastore operations generated by the Datastore Admin and Datastore Viewer count against your application quota.

Deployments

In each App Engine application, you can deploy up to 10,000 times per day.

When you deploy, Cloud Build builds a container image, and stores the image in the Artifact Registry. You will incur charges if the total storage space consumed by the images exceeds the free tier.

Files

The following quota applies to the total number of app deployment files.

Instance hours

Instance usage is billed by instance uptime, at a given hourly rate.

There are separate free quotas for "F" and "B" instance classes (also known as "frontend" and "backend" instance classes). Note that when you use App Engine Services, the service's instance class determines which quota applies.

Accrual of instance hours begins when an instance starts and ends as described below, depending on the type of scaling you specify for the instance:

• Basic or automatic scaling: accrual ends fifteen minutes after an instance finishes processing its last request.
• Manual scaling: accrual ends fifteen minutes after an instance shuts down.

If the number of idle instances created by App Engine exceeds the maximum you specify in the Performance Settings tab of the Google Cloud console, the excess instances do not accrue instance hours.

Logs

The Logs API is metered when log data is retrieved.

The logs ingestion allotment refers to request logs and application logs data for an application. Logging for App Engine apps is provided by Google Cloud Observability. See Google Cloud Observability pricing for more information on rates and limits.

Mail

Mail API consumption is available to view at the IAM Quotas page.

Note: To view an application's quota consumption on the IAM Quotas page, ensure that the App Engine Reporting Service is enabled for the project. If you can't enable the service, please check your permissions and the constraints/serviceuser.services org policy constraint.

Note: You can follow the steps outlined in this page to request higher limits.

App Engine bills for email use "by message," counting each email to each recipient. For example, sending one email to ten recipients counts as 10 messages.

Messages sent to non-admins

The total number of messages sent by the application to non-application admins.

Messages sent to admins

The total number of messages to application admins that have been sent by the application. The total size limit for each admin email, including headers, attachments, and body is 16KB.

Message body data sent

The amount of data sent in the body of email messages.

Attachments sent

The total number of attachments sent with email messages.

Attachment data sent

The amount of data sent as attachments to email messages.

You can add up to a maximum of 50 authorized senders for the Mail API.

Sending mail above your daily mail quota

If your app needs higher quotas for sending mail, you can use a third-party mail provider, such as SendGrid, Mailjet, or Mailgun.

Memcache

You can view Memcache API consumption on the IAM Quotas page. Memcache API consumption is specified in centi Memcache compute units (MCU), which are 1/100ths of an MCU. You can use up to millions of centi-MCUs.

Requests

Outgoing bandwidth (billable)

The amount of data sent by the application in response to requests.

This includes:

• data served in response to both secure requests and non-secure requests by application servers, static file servers, or the Blobstore
• data sent in email messages
• data in outgoing HTTP requests sent by the URL fetch service.

Incoming bandwidth

The amount of data received by the application from requests. Each incoming HTTP request can be no larger than 32MB.

This includes:

• data received by the application in secure requests and non-secure requests
• uploads to the Blobstore
• data received in response to HTTP requests by the URL fetch service

Secure outgoing bandwidth

The amount of data sent by the application over a secure connection in response to requests.

Secure incoming bandwidth

The amount of data received by the application over a secure connection from requests.

Search

Free quotas for Search are listed in the table below. Refer to the Java, Python, and Go documentation for a detailed description of each type of Search call.

Search API resources are charged according to the rates on the pricing schedule.

The application console quota section displays a raw count of API requests. Note that when indexing multiple documents in a single call, the call count is increased by the number of documents.

The Search API imposes these limits to ensure the reliability of the service:

• 100 aggregated minutes of query execution time per minute, within an app and an index.
• 15,000 Documents added/deleted per minute

Note: Although these limits are enforced by the minute, the Google Cloud console displays the daily totals for each. Customers with Standard, Enhanced, or Premium support can request higher throughput limits by contacting their support representative.

Task Queue

When a task executes, its associated requests count toward the application request quotas

These limits apply to all task queues:

Note: Once a task has been executed or deleted, the storage it uses is freed. Your storage quota is updated at regular intervals and might not show the reclaimed space immediately. See the Python, Java, or Go, or PHP documentation for more details.

The following limits apply to task queues according to their type:

Cron

The following quotas apply specifically to Cron jobs.

Cron jobs

Number of cron jobs.

URL Fetch

URL Fetch API calls

The total number of times the application accessed the URL fetch service to perform an HTTP or HTTPS request.

URL Fetch data sent

The amount of data sent to the URL fetch service in requests.

URL Fetch data received

The amount of data received from the URL fetch service in responses. This also counts toward the Incoming Bandwidth quota.

Networking limits

• Outbound connections per second per instance: 500 (cannot be increased)
• Outbound DNS resolutions per second per instance: 100 (cannot be increased)
• Maximum packets per second per instance: 80,000
• Maximum bits per second per instance: 100,000,000
• Maximum worker connections in Nginx per instance: 4,096