# Awesome Python

Awesome Python is an opinionated catalog of 544 Python frameworks, libraries, tools, and resources across 72 categories.

Scan the category index, then jump to the matching section for direct project links and short descriptions. GitHub entries with known star data end with a `GitHub stars: N` note in parentheses; treat it as popularity context, not a quality guarantee. Use the homepage for project context outside the catalog.

## Primary Links

- Homepage: https://awesome-python.com/
- GitHub repository: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python
- Contributing guide: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
- Sponsorship: https://awesome-python.com/sponsorship/
- Sitemap: https://awesome-python.com/sitemap.xml

## Categories

**AI & ML**

- [AI and Agents](https://awesome-python.com/categories/ai-and-agents/)
- [Deep Learning](https://awesome-python.com/categories/deep-learning/)
- [Machine Learning](https://awesome-python.com/categories/machine-learning/)
- [Natural Language Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/natural-language-processing/)
- [Computer Vision](https://awesome-python.com/categories/computer-vision/)
- [Recommender Systems](https://awesome-python.com/categories/recommender-systems/)

**Web Development**

- [Web Frameworks](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-frameworks/)
- [Web APIs](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-apis/)
- [Web Servers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-servers/)
- [WebSocket](https://awesome-python.com/categories/websocket/)
- [Template Engines](https://awesome-python.com/categories/template-engines/)
- [Web Asset Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-asset-management/)
- [Authentication](https://awesome-python.com/categories/authentication/)
- [Admin Panels](https://awesome-python.com/categories/admin-panels/)
- [CMS](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cms/)
- [Static Site Generators](https://awesome-python.com/categories/static-site-generators/)

**HTTP & Scraping**

- [HTTP Clients](https://awesome-python.com/categories/http-clients/)
- [Web Scraping](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-scraping/)
- [Email](https://awesome-python.com/categories/email/)

**Database & Storage**

- [ORM](https://awesome-python.com/categories/orm/)
- [Database Drivers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/database-drivers/)
- [Database](https://awesome-python.com/categories/database/)
- [Caching](https://awesome-python.com/categories/caching/)
- [Search](https://awesome-python.com/categories/search/)
- [Serialization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/serialization/)

**Data & Science**

- [Data Analysis](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-analysis/)
- [Data Ingestion / ETL](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-ingestion-etl/)
- [Data Validation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-validation/)
- [Data Visualization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-visualization/)
- [Geolocation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/geolocation/)
- [Science](https://awesome-python.com/categories/science/)
- [Quantum Computing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/quantum-computing/)

**Developer Tools**

- [Algorithms and Design Patterns](https://awesome-python.com/categories/algorithms-and-design-patterns/)
- [Interactive Interpreter](https://awesome-python.com/categories/interactive-interpreter/)
- [Code Analysis](https://awesome-python.com/categories/code-analysis/)
- [Testing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/testing/)
- [Debugging Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/debugging-tools/)
- [Build Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/build-tools/)
- [Documentation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/documentation/)

**DevOps**

- [DevOps Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/devops-tools/)
- [Distributed Computing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/distributed-computing/)
- [Task Queues](https://awesome-python.com/categories/task-queues/)
- [Messaging](https://awesome-python.com/categories/messaging/)
- [Job Schedulers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/job-schedulers/)
- [Logging](https://awesome-python.com/categories/logging/)
- [Network Virtualization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/network-virtualization/)

**CLI & GUI**

- [CLI Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cli-development/)
- [CLI Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cli-tools/)
- [GUI Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/gui-development/)

**Text & Documents**

- [Text Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/text-processing/)
- [HTML Manipulation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/html-manipulation/)
- [File Format Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/file-format-processing/)
- [File Manipulation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/file-manipulation/)

**Media**

- [Image Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/image-processing/)
- [Audio & Video Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/audio-video-processing/)
- [Game Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/game-development/)

**Python Language**

- [Implementations](https://awesome-python.com/categories/implementations/)
- [Built-in Classes Enhancement](https://awesome-python.com/categories/built-in-classes-enhancement/)
- [Functional Programming](https://awesome-python.com/categories/functional-programming/)
- [Asynchronous Programming](https://awesome-python.com/categories/asynchronous-programming/)
- [Date and Time](https://awesome-python.com/categories/date-and-time/)

**Python Toolchain**

- [Environment Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/environment-management/)
- [Package Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/package-management/)
- [Package Repositories](https://awesome-python.com/categories/package-repositories/)
- [Distribution](https://awesome-python.com/categories/distribution/)
- [Configuration Files](https://awesome-python.com/categories/configuration-files/)

**Security**

- [Cryptography](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cryptography/)
- [Penetration Testing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/penetration-testing/)
- [Web Security](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-security/)

**Other**

- [Hardware](https://awesome-python.com/categories/hardware/)
- [Microsoft Windows](https://awesome-python.com/categories/microsoft-windows/)
- [Miscellaneous](https://awesome-python.com/categories/miscellaneous/)

## Projects

**AI & ML**

### AI and Agents

_Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents._

- Agent Skills
  - [django-ai-plugins](https://github.com/vintasoftware/django-ai-plugins) - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review. (GitHub stars: 70)
  - [sentry-skills](https://github.com/getsentry/skills) - Python-focused engineering skills for code review, debugging, and backend workflows. (GitHub stars: 733)
  - [trailofbits-skills](https://github.com/trailofbits/skills) - Python-friendly security skills for auditing, testing, and safer backend development. Also [skills-curated](https://github.com/trailofbits/skills-curated). (GitHub stars: 5320)
- Orchestration
  - [ag2](https://github.com/ag2ai/ag2) - An open-source AgentOS for multi-agent orchestration and building agentic AI systems. (GitHub stars: 4588)
  - [autogen](https://github.com/microsoft/autogen) - A programming framework for building agentic AI applications. (GitHub stars: 58262)
  - [bernstein](https://github.com/sipyourdrink-ltd/bernstein) - A deterministic Python orchestrator for CLI coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini CLI, and 40+ more) with parallel git worktrees and an HMAC-signed audit chain. (GitHub stars: 442)
  - [bindu](https://github.com/getbindu/Bindu) - A framework that wraps any agent handler with DID-based cryptographic identity, A2A JSON-RPC over HTTP, OAuth2 auth, x402 (USDC) payments, and a built-in operator inbox. (GitHub stars: 6433)
  - [bub](https://github.com/bubbuild/bub) - A lightweight, hook-first Python framework for channel-native agents that live alongside people. (GitHub stars: 1382)
  - [crewai](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI) - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving. (GitHub stars: 51904)
  - [dspy](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy) - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models. (GitHub stars: 34574)
  - [hermes-agent](https://github.com/nousresearch/hermes-agent) - An adaptive AI agent framework that grows with you. (GitHub stars: 161478)
  - [langchain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain) - Building applications with LLMs through composability. (GitHub stars: 137321)
  - [openai-agents](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-python) - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents. (GitHub stars: 26553)
  - [OpenChronicle](https://github.com/Einsia/OpenChronicle) - Open-source, local-first memory for any tool-capable LLM agent. (GitHub stars: 2744)
  - [promptise](https://github.com/promptise-com/foundry) - A framework for building end-to-end production-ready agentic systems, scalable & secure MCP's and autonomous agents. (GitHub stars: 845)
  - [pydantic-ai](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-ai) - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas. (GitHub stars: 17195)
  - [TradingAgents](https://github.com/TauricResearch/TradingAgents) - A multi-agents LLM financial trading framework. (GitHub stars: 78261)
- Data Layer
  - [instructor](https://github.com/567-labs/instructor) - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic. (GitHub stars: 12996)
  - [llama-index](https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index) - A data framework for your LLM application. (GitHub stars: 49561)
  - [mem0](https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0) - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions. (GitHub stars: 56377)
- Pre-trained Models and Inference
  - [diffusers](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers) - A library that provides pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video. (GitHub stars: 33681)
  - [mlx-lm](https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-lm) - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX. (GitHub stars: 5384)
  - [sglang](https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang) - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models. (GitHub stars: 28095)
  - [transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) - A framework that lets you easily use pre-trained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks. (GitHub stars: 160849)
  - [unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth) - A library for faster LLM fine-tuning and training with reduced memory usage. (GitHub stars: 64926)
  - [vllm](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. (GitHub stars: 80669)
- Speech
  - [openai-whisper](https://github.com/openai/whisper) - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data. (GitHub stars: 100049)
  - [vibevoice](https://github.com/microsoft/VibeVoice) - A family of open-source voice AI models from Microsoft for text-to-speech and long-form speech recognition. (GitHub stars: 47344)
  - [voxcpm](https://github.com/OpenBMB/VoxCPM) - A tokenizer-free text-to-speech foundation model for multilingual speech generation and voice cloning. (GitHub stars: 19344)

### Deep Learning

_Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see [awesome-deep-learning](https://github.com/ChristosChristofidis/awesome-deep-learning)._

- [jax](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax) - A library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation. (GitHub stars: 35664)
- [keras](https://github.com/keras-team/keras) - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends. (GitHub stars: 64075)
- [pytorch-lightning](https://github.com/Lightning-AI/pytorch-lightning) - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast. (GitHub stars: 31153)
- [pytorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration. (GitHub stars: 100069)
- [stable-baselines3](https://github.com/DLR-RM/stable-baselines3) - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms. (GitHub stars: 13306)
- [tensorflow](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow) - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google. (GitHub stars: 195219)

### Machine Learning

_Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see [awesome-machine-learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning#python)._

- [catboost](https://github.com/catboost/catboost) - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library. (GitHub stars: 8955)
- [feature_engine](https://github.com/feature-engine/feature_engine) - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection. (GitHub stars: 2239)
- [h2o](https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-3) - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform. (GitHub stars: 7479)
- [lightgbm](https://github.com/lightgbm-org/LightGBM) - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework. (GitHub stars: 18377)
- [mindsdb](https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb) - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries. (GitHub stars: 39194)
- [pgmpy](https://github.com/pgmpy/pgmpy) - A Python library for probabilistic graphical models and Bayesian networks. (GitHub stars: 3268)
- [scikit-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn) - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support. (GitHub stars: 66139)
- [spark.ml](https://github.com/apache/spark) - [Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/)'s scalable [Machine Learning library](https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/ml-guide.html) for distributed computing. (GitHub stars: 43313)
- [TabGAN](https://github.com/Diyago/Tabular-data-generation) - Synthetic tabular data generation using GANs, Diffusion Models, and LLMs. (GitHub stars: 569)
- [timesfm](https://github.com/google-research/timesfm) - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting. (GitHub stars: 19942)
- [xgboost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost) - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library. (GitHub stars: 28401)

### Natural Language Processing

_Libraries for working with human languages._

- General
  - [gensim](https://github.com/piskvorky/gensim) - Topic Modeling for Humans. (GitHub stars: 16414)
  - [nltk](https://github.com/nltk/nltk) - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data. (GitHub stars: 14619)
  - [spacy](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy) - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython. (GitHub stars: 33596)
  - [stanza](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/stanza) - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages. (GitHub stars: 7796)
- Chinese
  - [funnlp](https://github.com/fighting41love/funNLP) - A collection of tools and datasets for Chinese NLP. (GitHub stars: 80788)
  - [jieba](https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba) - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library. (GitHub stars: 34965)

### Computer Vision

_Libraries for Computer Vision._

- [easyocr](https://github.com/JaidedAI/EasyOCR) - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported. (GitHub stars: 29493)
- [kornia](https://github.com/kornia/kornia/) - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch. (GitHub stars: 11210)
- [opencv](https://github.com/opencv/opencv-python) - Open Source Computer Vision Library. (GitHub stars: 5261)
- [pytesseract](https://github.com/madmaze/pytesseract) - A wrapper for [Google Tesseract OCR](https://github.com/tesseract-ocr). (GitHub stars: 6341)
- [ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) - Ultralytics YOLO for object detection, segmentation, pose estimation, and classification with state-of-the-art accuracy and speed. (GitHub stars: 57420)

### Recommender Systems

_Libraries for building recommender systems._

- [annoy](https://github.com/spotify/annoy) - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage. (GitHub stars: 14239)
- [implicit](https://github.com/benfred/implicit) - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets. (GitHub stars: 3787)
- [scikit-surprise](https://github.com/NicolasHug/Surprise) - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems. (GitHub stars: 6784)

**Web Development**

### Web Frameworks

_Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see [Web APIs](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-apis/)._

- Synchronous
  - [bottle](https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle) - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies. (GitHub stars: 8765)
  - [django](https://github.com/django/django) - The most popular web framework in Python. (GitHub stars: 87512)
    - [awesome-django](https://github.com/wsvincent/awesome-django) (GitHub stars: 11109)
  - [flask](https://github.com/pallets/flask) - A microframework for Python. (GitHub stars: 71570)
    - [awesome-flask](https://github.com/humiaozuzu/awesome-flask) (GitHub stars: 12729)
  - [pyramid](https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid) - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework. (GitHub stars: 4085)
    - [awesome-pyramid](https://github.com/uralbash/awesome-pyramid) (GitHub stars: 572)
  - [fasthtml](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/fasthtml) - The fastest way to create an HTML app. (GitHub stars: 6935)
    - [awesome-fasthtml](https://github.com/amosgyamfi/awesome-fasthtml) (GitHub stars: 81)
  - [masonite](https://github.com/MasoniteFramework/masonite) - The modern and developer centric Python web framework. (GitHub stars: 2364)
- Asynchronous
  - [litestar](https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar) - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework. (GitHub stars: 8231)
  - [microdot](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot) - The impossibly small web framework for Python and MicroPython. (GitHub stars: 2117)
  - [reflex](https://github.com/reflex-dev/reflex) - A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with Python. (GitHub stars: 28447)
  - [robyn](https://github.com/sparckles/Robyn) - A high-performance async Python web framework with a Rust runtime. (GitHub stars: 7241)
  - [starlette](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette) - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services. (GitHub stars: 12323)
  - [tornado](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado) - A web framework and asynchronous networking library. (GitHub stars: 22183)

### Web APIs

_Libraries for building RESTful and GraphQL APIs._

- Django
  - [django-modern-rest](https://github.com/wemake-services/django-modern-rest) - Modern REST with speed, types, async, `msgspec`, `pydantic` and other goodies! (GitHub stars: 1219)
  - [django-ninja](https://github.com/vitalik/django-ninja) - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic. (GitHub stars: 9063)
  - [django-rest-framework](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework) - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs. (GitHub stars: 30025)
  - [strawberry-django](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry-django) - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django. (GitHub stars: 493)
- Flask
  - [apiflask](https://github.com/apiflask/apiflask) - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask and Marshmallow. (GitHub stars: 1129)
- Framework Agnostic
  - [connexion](https://github.com/spec-first/connexion) - A spec-first framework that automatically handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification. (GitHub stars: 4596)
  - [falcon](https://github.com/falconry/falcon) - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends. (GitHub stars: 9798)
  - [fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi) - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints. (GitHub stars: 98409)
  - [sanic](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic) - A Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast. (GitHub stars: 18640)
  - [strawberry](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry) - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition. (GitHub stars: 4656)
  - [webargs](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/webargs) - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments with built-in support for popular web frameworks. (GitHub stars: 1410)

### Web Servers

_ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers._

- ASGI
  - [daphne](https://github.com/django/daphne) - An HTTP, HTTP/2 and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP. (GitHub stars: 2668)
  - [granian](https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian) - A Rust HTTP server for Python applications built on top of Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI. (GitHub stars: 5360)
  - [hypercorn](https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn) - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn. (GitHub stars: 1573)
  - [uvicorn](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn) - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, using uvloop and httptools. (GitHub stars: 10683)
- WSGI
  - [gunicorn](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn) - Pre-forked, ported from Ruby's Unicorn project. (GitHub stars: 10577)
  - [uwsgi](https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi) - A project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting services, written in C. (GitHub stars: 3546)
  - [waitress](https://github.com/Pylons/waitress) - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid. (GitHub stars: 1581)
- RPC
  - [grpcio](https://github.com/grpc/grpc) - HTTP/2-based RPC framework with Python bindings, built by Google. (GitHub stars: 44793)
  - [rpyc](https://github.com/tomerfiliba-org/rpyc) (Remote Python Call) - A transparent and symmetric RPC library for Python. (GitHub stars: 1701)

### WebSocket

_Libraries for working with WebSocket._

- [autobahn-python](https://github.com/crossbario/autobahn-python) - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html). (GitHub stars: 2537)
- [channels](https://github.com/django/channels) - Developer-friendly asynchrony for Django. (GitHub stars: 6352)
- [flask-socketio](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/Flask-SocketIO) - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications. (GitHub stars: 5511)
- [picows](https://github.com/tarasko/picows) - Fastest WebSocket clients and servers with a frame level interface for the most demanding use-cases. (GitHub stars: 270)
- [websockets](https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets) - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity. (GitHub stars: 5680)

### Template Engines

_Libraries and tools for templating and lexing._

- [jinja](https://github.com/pallets/jinja) - A modern and designer friendly templating language. (GitHub stars: 11634)
- [mako](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako) - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform. (GitHub stars: 435)

### Web Asset Management

_Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets._

- [django-compressor](https://github.com/django-compressor/django-compressor) - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file. (GitHub stars: 2868)
- [django-storages](https://github.com/jschneier/django-storages) - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django. (GitHub stars: 2947)

### Authentication

_Libraries for implementing authentication schemes._

- OAuth
  - [authlib](https://github.com/authlib/authlib) - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption draft implementation. (GitHub stars: 5317)
  - [django-allauth](https://github.com/pennersr/django-allauth) - Authentication app for Django that "just works." (GitHub stars: 10332)
  - [django-oauth-toolkit](https://github.com/django-oauth/django-oauth-toolkit) - OAuth 2 goodies for Django. (GitHub stars: 3326)
  - [oauthlib](https://github.com/oauthlib/oauthlib) - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic. (GitHub stars: 2969)
- JWT
  - [pyjwt](https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt) - JSON Web Token implementation in Python. (GitHub stars: 5661)
- Permissions
  - [django-guardian](https://github.com/django-guardian/django-guardian) - Implementation of per object permissions for Django 1.2+ (GitHub stars: 3901)
  - [django-rules](https://github.com/dfunckt/django-rules) - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database. (GitHub stars: 1975)

### Admin Panels

_Libraries for administrative interfaces._

- [ajenti](https://github.com/ajenti/ajenti) - The admin panel your servers deserve. (GitHub stars: 7933)
- [django-grappelli](https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli) - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface. (GitHub stars: 3927)
- [django-unfold](https://github.com/unfoldadmin/django-unfold) - Elevate your Django admin with a stunning modern interface, powerful features, and seamless user experience. (GitHub stars: 3479)
- [flask-admin](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-admin) - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask. (GitHub stars: 6059)
- [flower](https://github.com/mher/flower) - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery. (GitHub stars: 7181)
- [func-to-web](https://github.com/offerrall/FuncToWeb) - Instantly create web UIs from Python functions using type hints. Zero frontend code required. (GitHub stars: 410)
- [jet-bridge](https://github.com/jet-admin/jet-bridge) - Admin panel framework for any application with nice UI (ex Jet Django). (GitHub stars: 1797)

### CMS

_Content Management Systems._

- [django-cms](https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms) - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django. (GitHub stars: 10636)
- [indico](https://github.com/indico/indico) - A feature-rich event management system, made @ [CERN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN). (GitHub stars: 2071)
- [wagtail](https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail) - A Django content management system. (GitHub stars: 20332)

### Static Site Generators

_Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output._

- [lektor](https://github.com/lektor/lektor) - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine. (GitHub stars: 3939)
- [nikola](https://github.com/getnikola/nikola) - A static website and blog generator. (GitHub stars: 2732)
- [pelican](https://github.com/getpelican/pelican) - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax. (GitHub stars: 13300)

**HTTP & Scraping**

### HTTP Clients

_Libraries for working with HTTP._

- [aiohttp](https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp) - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. (GitHub stars: 16441)
- [furl](https://github.com/gruns/furl) - A small Python library that makes parsing and manipulating URLs easy. (GitHub stars: 2802)
- [httptap](https://github.com/ozeranskii/httptap) - Dissects an HTTP request into DNS, TCP, TLS, wait, and transfer phases and renders the timings as a waterfall. (GitHub stars: 498)
- [httpx](https://github.com/encode/httpx) - A next generation HTTP client for Python. (GitHub stars: 15281)
- [requests](https://github.com/psf/requests) - HTTP Requests for Humans. (GitHub stars: 54007)
- [urllib3](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3) - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly. (GitHub stars: 4025)

### Web Scraping

_Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content._

- Frameworks
  - [browser-use](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use) - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation. (GitHub stars: 95010)
  - [crawl4ai](https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai) - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents. (GitHub stars: 66042)
  - [mechanicalsoup](https://github.com/MechanicalSoup/MechanicalSoup) - A Python library for automating interaction with websites. (GitHub stars: 4863)
  - [scrapy](https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy) - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework. (GitHub stars: 61771)
- Content Extraction
  - [feedparser](https://github.com/kurtmckee/feedparser) - Universal feed parser. (GitHub stars: 2369)
  - [html2text](https://github.com/Alir3z4/html2text) - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text. (GitHub stars: 2149)
  - [micawber](https://github.com/coleifer/micawber) - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs. (GitHub stars: 674)
  - [sumy](https://github.com/miso-belica/sumy) - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages. (GitHub stars: 3688)
  - [trafilatura](https://github.com/adbar/trafilatura) - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering. (GitHub stars: 5990)

### Email

_Libraries for sending and parsing email, and mail server management._

- [modoboa](https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa) - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern Web UI. (GitHub stars: 3489)
- [yagmail](https://github.com/kootenpv/yagmail) - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client. (GitHub stars: 2726)

**Database & Storage**

### ORM

_Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques._

- Relational Databases
  - [django.db.models](https://github.com/django/django) - The Django [ORM](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/models/). (GitHub stars: 87512)
  - [sqlalchemy](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy) - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper. (GitHub stars: 11872)
    - [awesome-sqlalchemy](https://github.com/dahlia/awesome-sqlalchemy) (GitHub stars: 3043)
  - [dataset](https://github.com/pudo/dataset) - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. (GitHub stars: 4862)
  - [peewee](https://github.com/coleifer/peewee) - A small, expressive ORM. (GitHub stars: 11967)
  - [pony](https://github.com/ponyorm/pony/) - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL. (GitHub stars: 3827)
  - [sqlmodel](https://github.com/fastapi/sqlmodel) - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy. (GitHub stars: 17966)
  - [tortoise-orm](https://github.com/tortoise/tortoise-orm) - An easy-to-use asyncio ORM inspired by Django, with relations support. (GitHub stars: 5571)
- NoSQL Databases
  - [beanie](https://github.com/BeanieODM/beanie) - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB. (GitHub stars: 2677)
  - [mongoengine](https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine) - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB. (GitHub stars: 4350)
  - [pynamodb](https://github.com/pynamodb/PynamoDB) - A Pythonic interface for [Amazon DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/). (GitHub stars: 2648)

### Database Drivers

_Libraries for connecting and operating databases._

- MySQL - [awesome-mysql](https://github.com/shlomi-noach/awesome-mysql) (GitHub stars: 2573)
  - [mysqlclient](https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient) - MySQL connector with Python 3 support ([mysql-python](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/) fork). (GitHub stars: 2529)
  - [pymysql](https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL) - A pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python. (GitHub stars: 7835)
- PostgreSQL - [awesome-postgres](https://github.com/dhamaniasad/awesome-postgres) (GitHub stars: 11912)
  - [psycopg](https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg) - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python. (GitHub stars: 2395)
- SQLite - [awesome-sqlite](https://github.com/planetopendata/awesome-sqlite) (GitHub stars: 398)
  - [sqlite-utils](https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils) - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases. (GitHub stars: 2056)
  - [sqlite3](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html) - (Python standard library) SQLite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.
- Other Relational Databases
  - [clickhouse-driver](https://github.com/mymarilyn/clickhouse-driver) - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse. (GitHub stars: 1295)
  - [mssql-python](https://github.com/microsoft/mssql-python) - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance and low memory usage. (GitHub stars: 426)
- NoSQL Databases
  - [cassandra-driver](https://github.com/apache/cassandra-python-driver) - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra. (GitHub stars: 1427)
  - [django-mongodb-backend](https://github.com/mongodb/django-mongodb-backend) - Official MongoDB database backend for Django. (GitHub stars: 221)
  - [pymongo](https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver) - The official Python client for MongoDB. (GitHub stars: 4346)
  - [redis-py](https://github.com/redis/redis-py) - The Python client for Redis. (GitHub stars: 13534)

### Database

_Databases implemented in Python._

- [chromadb](https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma) - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with embeddings and semantic search. (GitHub stars: 28044)
- [duckdb](https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb) - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads. (GitHub stars: 38350)
- [pickledb](https://github.com/patx/pickledb) - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python. (GitHub stars: 1069)
- [tinydb](https://github.com/msiemens/tinydb) - A tiny, document-oriented database. (GitHub stars: 7517)
- [ZODB](https://github.com/zopefoundation/ZODB) - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database. (GitHub stars: 754)

### Caching

_Libraries for caching data._

- [cachetools](https://github.com/tkem/cachetools) - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators. (GitHub stars: 2734)
- [django-cacheops](https://github.com/Suor/django-cacheops) - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation. (GitHub stars: 2269)
- [dogpile.cache](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/dogpile.cache) - dogpile.cache is a next generation replacement for Beaker made by the same authors. (GitHub stars: 295)
- [python-diskcache](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-diskcache) - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis. (GitHub stars: 2877)

### Search

_Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data._

- [django-haystack](https://github.com/django-haystack/django-haystack) - Modular search for Django. (GitHub stars: 3738)
- [elasticsearch-py](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for [Elasticsearch](https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch). (GitHub stars: 4373)
- [pysolr](https://github.com/django-haystack/pysolr) - A lightweight Python wrapper for [Apache Solr](https://lucene.apache.org/solr/). (GitHub stars: 700)

### Serialization

_Libraries for serializing complex data types._

- [marshmallow](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow) - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes. (GitHub stars: 7239)
- [msgpack](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python) - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python. (GitHub stars: 2089)
- [orjson](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Fast, correct JSON library. (GitHub stars: 8085)

**Data & Science**

### Data Analysis

_Libraries for data analysis._

- [aws-sdk-pandas](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-pandas) - Pandas on AWS. (GitHub stars: 4112)
- [datasette](https://github.com/simonw/datasette) - An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data. (GitHub stars: 11077)
- [data-profiling](https://github.com/Data-Centric-AI-Community/data-profiling) - Generate detailed data profiling reports for pandas DataFrames. (GitHub stars: 13566)
- [desbordante](https://github.com/desbordante/desbordante-core/) - An open source data profiler for complex pattern discovery. (GitHub stars: 478)
- [ibis](https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis) - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends. (GitHub stars: 6546)
- [modin](https://github.com/modin-project/modin) - A drop-in pandas replacement that scales workflows by changing a single line of code. (GitHub stars: 10390)
- [pandas](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas) - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools. (GitHub stars: 48820)
- [pathway](https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway) - Real-time data processing framework for Python with reactive dataflows. (GitHub stars: 63249)
- [polars](https://github.com/pola-rs/polars) - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API. (GitHub stars: 38558)

### Data Ingestion / ETL

_Libraries for data extraction, transformation, and loading pipelines across multiple sources and destinations._

- General
  - [dlt](https://github.com/dlt-hub/dlt) - A Python library for building data pipelines with automatic schema inference, incremental loading, and support for multiple sources and destinations. (GitHub stars: 5353)
- Financial Data
  - [akshare](https://github.com/akfamily/akshare) - A financial data interface library, built for human beings! (GitHub stars: 19564)
  - [edgartools](https://github.com/dgunning/edgartools) - Library for downloading structured data from SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements. (GitHub stars: 2177)
  - [lumibot](https://github.com/Lumiwealth/lumibot) - Algorithmic trading framework for backtesting and live deployment across stocks, options, crypto, futures, and forex. (GitHub stars: 1587)
  - [openbb](https://github.com/OpenBB-finance/OpenBB) - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents. (GitHub stars: 67902)
  - [yfinance](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance) - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance. (GitHub stars: 23752)

### Data Validation

_Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases._

- [cerberus](https://github.com/pyeve/cerberus) - A lightweight and extensible data validation library. (GitHub stars: 3278)
- [jsonschema](https://github.com/python-jsonschema/jsonschema) - An implementation of [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/) for Python. (GitHub stars: 4946)
- [pandera](https://github.com/unionai-oss/pandera) - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, and Spark. (GitHub stars: 4346)
- [pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic) - Data validation using Python type hints. (GitHub stars: 27827)
- [voluptuous](https://github.com/alecthomas/voluptuous) - A Python data validation library primarily intended for validating data from untrusted sources. (GitHub stars: 1843)

### Data Visualization

_Libraries for visualizing data. Also see [awesome-javascript](https://github.com/sorrycc/awesome-javascript#data-visualization)._

- Plotting
  - [altair](https://github.com/vega/altair) - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python. (GitHub stars: 10388)
  - [bokeh](https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh) - Interactive Web Plotting for Python. (GitHub stars: 20385)
  - [bqplot](https://github.com/bqplot/bqplot) - Interactive Plotting Library for the Jupyter Notebook. (GitHub stars: 3689)
  - [matplotlib](https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib) - A Python 2D plotting library. (GitHub stars: 22828)
  - [plotly](https://github.com/plotly/plotly.py) - Interactive graphing library for Python. (GitHub stars: 18545)
  - [plotnine](https://github.com/has2k1/plotnine) - A grammar of graphics for Python based on ggplot2. (GitHub stars: 4569)
  - [pygal](https://github.com/Kozea/pygal) - A Python SVG Charts Creator. (GitHub stars: 2761)
  - [pyqtgraph](https://github.com/pyqtgraph/pyqtgraph) - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets. (GitHub stars: 4341)
  - [seaborn](https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn) - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib. (GitHub stars: 13881)
  - [ultraplot](https://github.com/ultraplot/UltraPlot) - Matplotlib wrapper for publication-ready scientific figures with minimal code. Includes advanced subplot management, panel layouts, and batteries-included geoscience plotting. (GitHub stars: 297)
  - [vispy](https://github.com/vispy/vispy) - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL. (GitHub stars: 3572)
- Specialized
  - [cartopy](https://github.com/SciTools/cartopy) - A cartographic python library with matplotlib support. (GitHub stars: 1600)
  - [pygraphviz](https://github.com/pygraphviz/pygraphviz/) - Python interface to [Graphviz](https://www.graphviz.org/). (GitHub stars: 841)
- Dashboards and Apps
  - [gradio](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio) - Build and share machine learning apps, all in Python. (GitHub stars: 42648)
  - [streamlit](https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit) - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes. (GitHub stars: 44671)

### Geolocation

_Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes._

- [django-countries](https://github.com/SmileyChris/django-countries) - A Django app that provides a country field for models and forms. (GitHub stars: 1526)
- [geodjango](https://github.com/django/django) - A world-class geographic web framework that is part of [Django](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/gis/). (GitHub stars: 87512)
- [geojson](https://github.com/jazzband/geojson) - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON. (GitHub stars: 987)
- [geopandas](https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas) - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas. (GitHub stars: 5133)
- [geopy](https://github.com/geopy/geopy) - Python Geocoding Toolbox. (GitHub stars: 4815)

### Science

_Libraries for scientific computing. Also see [Python-for-Scientists](https://github.com/TomNicholas/Python-for-Scientists)._

- Core
  - [numba](https://github.com/numba/numba) - Python JIT compiler to LLVM aimed at scientific Python. (GitHub stars: 11029)
  - [numpy](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. (GitHub stars: 32079)
  - [scipy](https://github.com/scipy/scipy) - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. (GitHub stars: 14711)
  - [statsmodels](https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels) - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python. (GitHub stars: 11415)
  - [sympy](https://github.com/sympy/sympy) - A Python library for symbolic mathematics. (GitHub stars: 14641)
- Biology and Chemistry
  - [biopython](https://github.com/biopython/biopython) - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation. (GitHub stars: 5027)
  - [cclib](https://github.com/cclib/cclib) - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages. (GitHub stars: 406)
  - [openbabel](https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel) - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data. (GitHub stars: 1323)
  - [rdkit](https://github.com/rdkit/rdkit) - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software. (GitHub stars: 3435)
- Physics and Engineering
  - [astropy](https://github.com/astropy/astropy) - A community Python library for Astronomy. (GitHub stars: 5167)
  - [obspy](https://github.com/obspy/obspy) - A Python toolbox for seismology. (GitHub stars: 1299)
  - [pydy](https://github.com/pydy/pydy) - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion. (GitHub stars: 410)
  - [PythonRobotics](https://github.com/AtsushiSakai/PythonRobotics) - This is a compilation of various robotics algorithms with visualizations. (GitHub stars: 29582)
- Simulation and Modeling
  - [mesa](https://github.com/projectmesa/mesa) - An agent-based modeling framework for building, analyzing, and visualizing complex system simulations. (GitHub stars: 3657)
  - [pathsim](https://github.com/pathsim/pathsim) - A block-based system modeling and simulation framework with a browser-based visual editor. (GitHub stars: 381)
  - [pymc](https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc) - Probabilistic programming and Bayesian modeling in Python. (GitHub stars: 9620)
  - [simpy](https://gitlab.com/team-simpy/simpy) - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework.
- Other
  - [colour](https://github.com/colour-science/colour) - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms. (GitHub stars: 2585)
  - [manim](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim) - An animation engine for explanatory math videos. (GitHub stars: 38561)
  - [networkx](https://github.com/networkx/networkx) - A high-productivity software for complex networks. (GitHub stars: 16931)
  - [shapely](https://github.com/shapely/shapely) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane. (GitHub stars: 4439)

### Quantum Computing

_Libraries for quantum computing._

- [Cirq](https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq) — A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices. (GitHub stars: 4968)
- [pennylane](https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/pennylane) — A hybrid quantum-classical machine learning library with automatic differentiation support. (GitHub stars: 3221)
- [qiskit](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit) — An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware. (GitHub stars: 7396)
- [qutip](https://github.com/qutip/qutip) - Quantum Toolbox in Python. (GitHub stars: 2018)

**Developer Tools**

### Algorithms and Design Patterns

_Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see [awesome-algorithms](https://github.com/tayllan/awesome-algorithms)._

- Algorithms
  - [algorithms](https://github.com/keon/algorithms) - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms. (GitHub stars: 25450)
  - [sortedcontainers](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-sortedcontainers) - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections. (GitHub stars: 3944)
  - [thealgorithms](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) - All Algorithms implemented in Python. (GitHub stars: 221289)
- Design Patterns
  - [python-patterns](https://github.com/faif/python-patterns) - A collection of design patterns in Python. (GitHub stars: 42752)
  - [transitions](https://github.com/pytransitions/transitions) - A lightweight, object-oriented finite state machine implementation. (GitHub stars: 6523)

### Interactive Interpreter

_Interactive Python interpreters (REPL)._

- [jupyter](https://github.com/jupyter/notebook) - A rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively. (GitHub stars: 13153)
  - [awesome-jupyter](https://github.com/markusschanta/awesome-jupyter) (GitHub stars: 4611)
- [marimo](https://github.com/marimo-team/marimo) - Transform data and train models, feels like a next-gen notebook, stored as Git-friendly Python. (GitHub stars: 21105)
- [ptpython](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/ptpython) - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the [python-prompt-toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit). (GitHub stars: 5431)

### Code Analysis

_Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see [awesome-static-analysis](https://github.com/analysis-tools-dev/static-analysis)._

- Code Analysis
  - [code2flow](https://github.com/scottrogowski/code2flow) - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts. (GitHub stars: 4574)
  - [prospector](https://github.com/prospector-dev/prospector) - A tool to analyze Python code. (GitHub stars: 2080)
  - [repowise](https://github.com/repowise-dev/repowise) - Codebase intelligence that indexes repos into dependency graphs, git history, and auto-generated docs with dead code detection. (GitHub stars: 1793)
  - [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code. (GitHub stars: 4614)
- Code Linters
  - [bandit](https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit) - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code. (GitHub stars: 8040)
  - [flake8](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8) - A wrapper around `pycodestyle`, `pyflakes` and McCabe. (GitHub stars: 3792)
    - [awesome-flake8-extensions](https://github.com/DmytroLitvinov/awesome-flake8-extensions) (GitHub stars: 1276)
  - [pylint](https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint) - A fully customizable source code analyzer. (GitHub stars: 5684)
- Code Formatters
  - [black](https://github.com/psf/black) - The uncompromising Python code formatter. (GitHub stars: 41520)
  - [isort](https://github.com/PyCQA/isort) - A Python utility / library to sort imports. (GitHub stars: 6946)
  - [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter. (GitHub stars: 47638)
- Refactoring
  - [rope](https://github.com/python-rope/rope) - Rope is a python refactoring library. (GitHub stars: 2214)
- Type Checkers - [awesome-python-typing](https://github.com/typeddjango/awesome-python-typing) (GitHub stars: 1955)
  - [mypy](https://github.com/python/mypy) - Check variable types during compile time. (GitHub stars: 20438)
  - [pyrefly](https://github.com/facebook/pyrefly) - A fast type checker and language server for Python. (GitHub stars: 6387)
  - [ty](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty) - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server. (GitHub stars: 18708)
  - [typeshed](https://github.com/python/typeshed) - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types. (GitHub stars: 5062)
- Type Annotations Generators
  - [monkeytype](https://github.com/Instagram/MonkeyType) - A system for Python that generates static type annotations by collecting runtime types. (GitHub stars: 4996)
  - [pytype](https://github.com/google/pytype) - Pytype checks and infers types for Python code - without requiring type annotations. (GitHub stars: 5038)

### Testing

_Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data. Also see [awesome-python-testing](https://github.com/cleder/awesome-python-testing)._

- Frameworks
  - [hypothesis](https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis) - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library. (GitHub stars: 8633)
  - [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest) - A mature full-featured Python testing tool. (GitHub stars: 13865)
    - [awesome-pytest](https://github.com/augustogoulart/awesome-pytest) (GitHub stars: 564)
  - [robotframework](https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework) - A generic test automation framework. (GitHub stars: 11643)
  - [scanapi](https://github.com/scanapi/scanapi) - Automated Testing and Documentation for your REST API. (GitHub stars: 1554)
  - [unittest](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html) - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
- Test Runners
  - [nox](https://github.com/wntrblm/nox) - Flexible test automation for Python. (GitHub stars: 1522)
  - [tox](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox) - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions (GitHub stars: 3918)
- GUI / Web Testing
  - [locust](https://github.com/locustio/locust) - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python. (GitHub stars: 27810)
  - [playwright-python](https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python) - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library. (GitHub stars: 14655)
  - [pyautogui](https://github.com/asweigart/pyautogui) - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings. (GitHub stars: 12505)
  - [schemathesis](https://github.com/schemathesis/schemathesis) - A tool for automatic property-based testing of web applications built with Open API / Swagger specifications. (GitHub stars: 3304)
  - [selenium](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium) - Python bindings for [Selenium](https://selenium.dev/) [WebDriver](https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/). (GitHub stars: 34088)
- Mock
  - [freezegun](https://github.com/spulec/freezegun) - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module. (GitHub stars: 4508)
  - [mock](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html) - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
  - [mocket](https://github.com/mindflayer/python-mocket) - A socket mock framework with gevent/asyncio/SSL support. (GitHub stars: 308)
  - [responses](https://github.com/getsentry/responses) - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library. (GitHub stars: 4342)
  - [respx](https://github.com/lundberg/respx) - Mock HTTPX with awesome request patterns and response side effects. (GitHub stars: 796)
  - [vcrpy](https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy) - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests. (GitHub stars: 2963)
- Object Factories
  - [factory_boy](https://github.com/FactoryBoy/factory_boy) - A test fixtures replacement for Python. (GitHub stars: 3794)
  - [polyfactory](https://github.com/litestar-org/polyfactory) - mock data generation library with support to classes (continuation of `pydantic-factories`) (GitHub stars: 1465)
- Code Coverage
  - [coverage](https://github.com/coveragepy/coveragepy) - Code coverage measurement. (GitHub stars: 3377)
- Fake Data
  - [faker](https://github.com/joke2k/faker) - A Python package that generates fake data. (GitHub stars: 19256)
  - [mimesis](https://github.com/lk-geimfari/mimesis) - is a Python library that help you generate fake data. (GitHub stars: 4809)

### Debugging Tools

_Libraries for debugging code._

- pdb-like Debugger
  - [ipdb](https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb) - IPython-enabled [pdb](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html). (GitHub stars: 1974)
  - [pudb](https://github.com/inducer/pudb) - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger. (GitHub stars: 3240)
- Tracing
  - [manhole](https://github.com/ionelmc/python-manhole) - Debugging UNIX socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt. (GitHub stars: 401)
  - [python-hunter](https://github.com/ionelmc/python-hunter) - A flexible code tracing toolkit. (GitHub stars: 868)
- Profiler
  - [py-spy](https://github.com/benfred/py-spy) - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust. (GitHub stars: 15211)
  - [scalene](https://github.com/plasma-umass/scalene) - A high-performance, high-precision CPU, GPU, and memory profiler for Python. (GitHub stars: 13422)
- Others
  - [django-debug-toolbar](https://github.com/django-commons/django-debug-toolbar) - Display various debug information for Django. (GitHub stars: 8361)
  - [flask-debugtoolbar](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-debugtoolbar) - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask. (GitHub stars: 978)
  - [icecream](https://github.com/gruns/icecream) - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call. (GitHub stars: 10053)
  - [memory_graph](https://github.com/bterwijn/memory_graph) - Visualize Python data at runtime to debug references, mutability, and aliasing. (GitHub stars: 932)

### Build Tools

_Compile software from source code._

- [bitbake](https://github.com/openembedded/bitbake) - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux. (GitHub stars: 518)
- [invoke](https://github.com/pyinvoke/invoke) - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks. (GitHub stars: 4750)
- [platformio](https://github.com/platformio/platformio-core) - A console tool to build code with different development platforms. (GitHub stars: 9245)
- [pybuilder](https://github.com/pybuilder/pybuilder) - A continuous build tool written in pure Python. (GitHub stars: 1997)
- [doit](https://github.com/pydoit/doit) - A task runner and build tool. (GitHub stars: 2055)
- [scons](https://github.com/SCons/scons) - A software construction tool. (GitHub stars: 2385)

### Documentation

_Libraries for generating project documentation._

- [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/) - Python Documentation generator. (GitHub stars: 7849)
  - [awesome-sphinxdoc](https://github.com/ygzgxyz/awesome-sphinxdoc) (GitHub stars: 974)
- [diagrams](https://github.com/mingrammer/diagrams) - Diagram as Code. (GitHub stars: 42283)
- [mkdocs](https://github.com/mkdocs/mkdocs/) - Markdown friendly documentation generator. (GitHub stars: 22096)
- [pdoc](https://github.com/mitmproxy/pdoc) - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries. (GitHub stars: 2502)

**DevOps**

### DevOps Tools

_Software and libraries for DevOps._

- Cloud Providers
  - [awscli](https://github.com/aws/aws-cli) - Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services. (GitHub stars: 16973)
  - [boto3](https://github.com/boto/boto3) - Python interface to Amazon Web Services. (GitHub stars: 9811)
- Configuration Management
  - [ansible](https://github.com/ansible/ansible) - A radically simple IT automation platform. (GitHub stars: 68626)
  - [cloudinit](https://github.com/canonical/cloud-init) - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance. (GitHub stars: 3695)
  - [openstack](https://github.com/openstack/openstack) - Open source software for building private and public clouds. (GitHub stars: 5916)
  - [pyinfra](https://github.com/pyinfra-dev/pyinfra) - A versatile CLI tools and python libraries to automate infrastructure. (GitHub stars: 5674)
  - [saltstack](https://github.com/saltstack/salt) - Infrastructure automation and management system. (GitHub stars: 15442)
- Deployment
  - [chalice](https://github.com/aws/chalice) - A Python serverless microframework for AWS. (GitHub stars: 11050)
  - [fabric](https://github.com/fabric/fabric) - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment. (GitHub stars: 15436)
- Monitoring and Processes
  - [psutil](https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil) - A cross-platform process and system utilities module. (GitHub stars: 11175)
  - [sentry-python](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python) - Sentry SDK for Python. (GitHub stars: 2184)
  - [sh](https://github.com/amoffat/sh) - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python. (GitHub stars: 7232)
  - [supervisor](https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor) - Supervisor process control system for UNIX. (GitHub stars: 9043)
- Other
  - [borg](https://github.com/borgbackup/borg) - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption. (GitHub stars: 13347)
  - [chaostoolkit](https://github.com/chaostoolkit/chaostoolkit) - A Chaos Engineering toolkit & Orchestration for Developers. (GitHub stars: 2010)
  - [pre-commit](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit) - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. (GitHub stars: 15290)

### Distributed Computing

_Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing._

- Batch Processing
  - [dask](https://github.com/dask/dask) - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing. (GitHub stars: 13842)
  - [luigi](https://github.com/spotify/luigi) - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs. (GitHub stars: 18721)
  - [mpi4py](https://github.com/mpi4py/mpi4py) - Python bindings for MPI. (GitHub stars: 911)
  - [pyspark](https://github.com/apache/spark) - [Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/) Python API. (GitHub stars: 43313)
  - [joblib](https://github.com/joblib/joblib) - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python. (GitHub stars: 4351)
  - [ray](https://github.com/ray-project/ray/) - A system for parallel and distributed Python that unifies the machine learning ecosystem. (GitHub stars: 42623)

### Task Queues

_Libraries for working with task queues._

- [celery](https://github.com/celery/celery) - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing. (GitHub stars: 28513)
- [dramatiq](https://github.com/Bogdanp/dramatiq) - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3. (GitHub stars: 5238)
- [huey](https://github.com/coleifer/huey) - Little multi-threaded task queue. (GitHub stars: 5956)
- [rq](https://github.com/rq/rq) - Simple job queues for Python. (GitHub stars: 10640)
- [taskiq](https://github.com/taskiq-python/taskiq) - Distributed task queue with native asyncio support and pluggable brokers. (GitHub stars: 2149)

### Messaging

_Libraries for working with message brokers and event streaming._

- [faststream](https://github.com/ag2ai/faststream) - A framework for building asynchronous services over Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, NATS, MQTT and Redis. (GitHub stars: 5182)

### Job Schedulers

_Libraries for scheduling jobs._

- [airflow](https://github.com/apache/airflow) - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows. (GitHub stars: 45488)
- [apscheduler](https://github.com/agronholm/apscheduler) - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions. (GitHub stars: 7498)
- [dagster](https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster) - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets. (GitHub stars: 15550)
- [prefect](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect) - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines. (GitHub stars: 22441)
- [schedule](https://github.com/dbader/schedule) - Python job scheduling for humans. (GitHub stars: 12240)
- [SpiffWorkflow](https://github.com/sartography/SpiffWorkflow) - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python. (GitHub stars: 1888)

### Logging

_Libraries for generating and working with logs._

- [logfmter](https://github.com/josheppinette/python-logfmter) - A standard library compatible logfmt formatter. (GitHub stars: 104)
- [logging](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html) - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
- [loguru](https://github.com/Delgan/loguru) - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python. (GitHub stars: 23884)
- [structlog](https://github.com/hynek/structlog) - Structured logging made easy. (GitHub stars: 4796)

### Network Virtualization

_Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking)._

- [mininet](https://github.com/mininet/mininet) - A popular network emulator and API written in Python. (GitHub stars: 5807)
- [napalm](https://github.com/napalm-automation/napalm) - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices. (GitHub stars: 2459)
- [scapy](https://github.com/secdev/scapy) - A brilliant packet manipulation library. (GitHub stars: 12309)

**CLI & GUI**

### CLI Development

_Libraries for building command-line applications._

- CLI Development
  - [argparse](https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html) - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.
  - [cement](https://github.com/datafolklabs/cement) - CLI Application Framework for Python. (GitHub stars: 1343)
  - [click](https://github.com/pallets/click/) - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way. (GitHub stars: 17504)
  - [python-fire](https://github.com/google/python-fire) - A library for creating command line interfaces from absolutely any Python object. (GitHub stars: 28194)
  - [python-prompt-toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit) - A library for building powerful interactive command lines. (GitHub stars: 10458)
  - [typer](https://github.com/fastapi/typer) - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click and Pydantic. (GitHub stars: 19451)
- Terminal Rendering
  - [alive-progress](https://github.com/rsalmei/alive-progress) - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations. (GitHub stars: 6278)
  - [asciimatics](https://github.com/peterbrittain/asciimatics) - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations). (GitHub stars: 4275)
  - [colorama](https://github.com/tartley/colorama) - Cross-platform colored terminal text. (GitHub stars: 3785)
  - [rich](https://github.com/Textualize/rich) - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great `RichHandler` log handler. (GitHub stars: 56416)
  - [textual](https://github.com/Textualize/textual) - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser. (GitHub stars: 35983)
  - [tqdm](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm) - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI. (GitHub stars: 31163)

### CLI Tools

_Useful CLI-based tools for productivity._

- Productivity Tools
  - [cookiecutter](https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter) - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates). (GitHub stars: 24891)
  - [copier](https://github.com/copier-org/copier) - A library and command-line utility for rendering projects templates. (GitHub stars: 3364)
  - [doitlive](https://github.com/sloria/doitlive) - A tool for live presentations in the terminal. (GitHub stars: 3563)
  - [thefuck](https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck) - Correcting your previous console command. (GitHub stars: 97028)
  - [tmuxp](https://github.com/tmux-python/tmuxp) - A [tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux) session manager. (GitHub stars: 4504)
  - [xonsh](https://github.com/xonsh/xonsh/) - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform. (GitHub stars: 9462)
  - [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp) - A command-line program to download videos from YouTube and other video sites, a fork of youtube-dl. (GitHub stars: 163739)
- CLI Enhancements
  - [httpie](https://github.com/httpie/cli) - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement. (GitHub stars: 38168)
  - [iredis](https://github.com/laixintao/iredis) - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (GitHub stars: 2736)
  - [litecli](https://github.com/dbcli/litecli) - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (GitHub stars: 3246)
  - [mycli](https://github.com/dbcli/mycli) - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (GitHub stars: 11916)
  - [pgcli](https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli) - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (GitHub stars: 13181)

### GUI Development

_Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications._

- Desktop
  - [customtkinter](https://github.com/tomschimansky/customtkinter) - A modern and customizable python UI-library based on Tkinter. (GitHub stars: 13365)
  - [dearpygui](https://github.com/hoffstadt/DearPyGui) - A Simple GPU accelerated Python GUI framework (GitHub stars: 15446)
  - [enaml](https://github.com/nucleic/enaml) - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declarative Syntax like QML. (GitHub stars: 1575)
  - [kivy](https://github.com/kivy/kivy) - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS. (GitHub stars: 18939)
  - [pyglet](https://github.com/pyglet/pyglet) - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python. (GitHub stars: 2194)
  - [pygobject](https://github.com/GNOME/pygobject) - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3). (GitHub stars: 156)
  - [PyQt](https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt6/) - Python bindings for the [Qt](https://www.qt.io/) cross-platform application and UI framework.
  - [pyside](https://github.com/pyside/pyside-setup) - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for [Qt](https://www.qt.io/), this is same as PyQt but it's the official binding with different licensing. (GitHub stars: 120)
  - [tkinter](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html) - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.
  - [toga](https://github.com/beeware/toga) - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit. (GitHub stars: 5361)
  - [wxPython](https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix) - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python. (GitHub stars: 2608)
- Web-based
  - [flet](https://github.com/flet-dev/flet) - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python. (GitHub stars: 16107)
  - [nicegui](https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui) - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser. (GitHub stars: 15821)
  - [pywebview](https://github.com/r0x0r/pywebview/) - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component. (GitHub stars: 5890)
- Terminal
  - [curses](https://docs.python.org/3/library/curses.html) - (Python standard library) The built-in wrapper for [ncurses](https://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/) used to create terminal GUI applications.
  - [urwid](https://github.com/urwid/urwid) - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc. (GitHub stars: 3003)
- Wrappers
  - [gooey](https://github.com/chriskiehl/Gooey) - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line. (GitHub stars: 21895)

**Text & Documents**

### Text Processing

_Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts._

- General
  - [babel](https://github.com/python-babel/babel) - An internationalization library for Python. (GitHub stars: 1442)
  - [chardet](https://github.com/chardet/chardet) - Python 2/3 compatible character encoding detector. (GitHub stars: 2627)
  - [difflib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html) - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
  - [ftfy](https://github.com/rspeer/python-ftfy) - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically. (GitHub stars: 4038)
  - [pangu.py](https://github.com/vinta/pangu.py) - Paranoid text spacing. (GitHub stars: 273)
  - [pyfiglet](https://github.com/pwaller/pyfiglet) - An implementation of figlet written in Python. (GitHub stars: 1558)
  - [pypinyin](https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin) - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音). (GitHub stars: 5309)
  - [python-slugify](https://github.com/un33k/python-slugify) - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII. (GitHub stars: 1613)
  - [textdistance](https://github.com/life4/textdistance) - Compute distance between sequences with 30+ algorithms. (GitHub stars: 3529)
  - [unidecode](https://github.com/avian2/unidecode) - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text. (GitHub stars: 608)
- Unique identifiers
  - [sqids](https://github.com/sqids/sqids-python) - A library for generating short unique IDs from numbers. (GitHub stars: 509)
  - [shortuuid](https://github.com/skorokithakis/shortuuid) - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs. (GitHub stars: 2186)
- Parser
  - [pygments](https://github.com/pygments/pygments) - A generic syntax highlighter. (GitHub stars: 2162)
  - [pyparsing](https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing) - A general purpose framework for generating parsers. (GitHub stars: 2471)
  - [python-nameparser](https://github.com/derek73/python-nameparser) - Parsing human names into their individual components. (GitHub stars: 707)
  - [python-phonenumbers](https://github.com/daviddrysdale/python-phonenumbers) - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers. (GitHub stars: 3739)
  - [python-user-agents](https://github.com/selwin/python-user-agents) - Browser user agent parser. (GitHub stars: 1516)
  - [sqlparse](https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse) - A non-validating SQL parser. (GitHub stars: 4001)

### HTML Manipulation

_Libraries for working with HTML and XML._

- [beautifulsoup](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/) - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
- [justhtml](https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml/) - A pure Python HTML5 parser that just works. (GitHub stars: 1141)
- [lxml](https://github.com/lxml/lxml) - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML. (GitHub stars: 3028)
- [markupsafe](https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe) - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python. (GitHub stars: 689)
- [pyquery](https://github.com/gawel/pyquery) - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML. (GitHub stars: 2378)
- [tinycss2](https://github.com/Kozea/tinycss2) - A low-level CSS parser and generator written in Python. (GitHub stars: 184)
- [xmltodict](https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict) - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON. (GitHub stars: 5736)

### File Format Processing

_Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats._

- General
  - [docling](https://github.com/docling-project/docling) - Library for converting documents into structured data. (GitHub stars: 60129)
  - [kreuzberg](https://github.com/kreuzberg-dev/kreuzberg) - High-performance document extraction library with a Rust core, supporting 62+ formats including PDF, Office, images with OCR, HTML, email, and archives. (GitHub stars: 8355)
  - [pyelftools](https://github.com/eliben/pyelftools) - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information. (GitHub stars: 2237)
  - [tablib](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib) - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML. (GitHub stars: 4752)
- MS Office
  - [docxtpl](https://github.com/elapouya/python-docx-template) - Editing a docx document by jinja2 template (GitHub stars: 2638)
  - [openpyxl](https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
  - [pyexcel](https://github.com/pyexcel/pyexcel) - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files. (GitHub stars: 1281)
  - [python-docx](https://github.com/python-openxml/python-docx) - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files. (GitHub stars: 5591)
  - [python-pptx](https://github.com/scanny/python-pptx) - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files. (GitHub stars: 3370)
  - [xlsxwriter](https://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter) - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files. (GitHub stars: 3943)
  - [xlwings](https://github.com/xlwings/xlwings) - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa. (GitHub stars: 3351)
- PDF
  - [pdf_oxide](https://github.com/yfedoseev/pdf_oxide) - A fast PDF library for text extraction, image extraction, and markdown conversion, powered by Rust. (GitHub stars: 767)
  - [pdfminer.six](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six) - Pdfminer.six is a community maintained fork of the original PDFMiner. (GitHub stars: 6976)
  - [pikepdf](https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf) - A powerful library for reading and editing PDF files, based on qpdf. (GitHub stars: 2722)
  - [pypdf](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf) - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages. (GitHub stars: 10007)
  - [reportlab](https://www.reportlab.com/opensource/) - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
  - [weasyprint](https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint) - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF. (GitHub stars: 9170)
- Markdown
  - [markdown-it-py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py) - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins. (GitHub stars: 1308)
  - [markdown](https://github.com/waylan/Python-Markdown) - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown. (GitHub stars: 4209)
  - [markitdown](https://github.com/microsoft/markitdown) - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown. (GitHub stars: 124413)
  - [mistune](https://github.com/lepture/mistune) - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown. (GitHub stars: 3028)
- Data Formats
  - [csvkit](https://github.com/wireservice/csvkit) - Utilities for converting to and working with CSV. (GitHub stars: 6374)
  - [pyyaml](https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml) - YAML implementations for Python. (GitHub stars: 2889)
  - [tomllib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tomllib.html) - (Python standard library) Parse TOML files.

### File Manipulation

_Libraries for file manipulation._

- [mimetypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mimetypes.html) - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
- [pathlib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html) - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
- [python-magic](https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic) - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library. (GitHub stars: 2911)
- [watchdog](https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog) - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events. (GitHub stars: 7347)
- [watchfiles](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles) - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in python. (GitHub stars: 2490)

**Media**

### Image Processing

_Libraries for manipulating images._

- [pillow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow) - Pillow is the friendly [PIL](https://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/) fork. (GitHub stars: 13579)
- [pymatting](https://github.com/pymatting/pymatting) - A library for alpha matting. (GitHub stars: 1900)
- [python-barcode](https://github.com/WhyNotHugo/python-barcode) - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies. (GitHub stars: 653)
- [python-qrcode](https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode) - A pure Python QR Code generator. (GitHub stars: 4906)
- [pyvips](https://github.com/libvips/pyvips) - A fast image processing library with low memory needs. (GitHub stars: 804)
- [scikit-image](https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image) - A Python library for (scientific) image processing. (GitHub stars: 6518)
- [thumbor](https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor) - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images. (GitHub stars: 10481)
- [wand](https://github.com/emcconville/wand) - Python bindings for [MagickWand](https://www.imagemagick.org/script/magick-wand.php), C API for ImageMagick. (GitHub stars: 1483)

### Audio & Video Processing

_Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata._

- Audio
  - [birdnet](https://github.com/kahst/BirdNET-Analyzer) - Deep learning framework for acoustic species detection; identifies bird species from audio recordings using TensorFlow. (GitHub stars: 1532)
  - [gtts](https://github.com/pndurette/gTTS) - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS. (GitHub stars: 2607)
  - [librosa](https://github.com/librosa/librosa) - Python library for audio and music analysis. (GitHub stars: 8414)
  - [matchering](https://github.com/sergree/matchering) - A library for automated reference audio mastering. (GitHub stars: 2527)
  - [pydub](https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub) - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface. (GitHub stars: 9757)
- Video
  - [moviepy](https://github.com/Zulko/moviepy) - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs. (GitHub stars: 14627)
  - [vidgear](https://github.com/abhiTronix/vidgear) - Most Powerful multi-threaded Video Processing framework. (GitHub stars: 3711)
- Metadata
  - [beets](https://github.com/beetbox/beets) - A music library manager and [MusicBrainz](https://musicbrainz.org/) tagger. (GitHub stars: 15167)
  - [mutagen](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen) - A Python module to handle audio metadata. (GitHub stars: 1902)
  - [tinytag](https://github.com/devsnd/tinytag) - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files. (GitHub stars: 814)

### Game Development

_Awesome game development libraries._

- [arcade](https://github.com/pythonarcade/arcade) - Arcade is a modern Python framework for crafting games with compelling graphics and sound. (GitHub stars: 2031)
- [panda3d](https://github.com/panda3d/panda3d) - 3D game engine developed by Disney. (GitHub stars: 5135)
- [py-sdl2](https://github.com/py-sdl/py-sdl2) - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library. (GitHub stars: 340)
- [pygame](https://github.com/pygame/pygame) - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games. (GitHub stars: 8781)
- [pyopengl](https://github.com/mcfletch/pyopengl) - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it's related APIs. (GitHub stars: 404)
- [renpy](https://github.com/renpy/renpy) - A Visual Novel engine. (GitHub stars: 6500)

**Python Language**

### Implementations

_Implementations of Python._

- [cpython](https://github.com/python/cpython) - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C. (GitHub stars: 72793)
- [cython](https://github.com/cython/cython) - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python. (GitHub stars: 10735)
- [ironpython](https://github.com/IronLanguages/ironpython3) - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C#. (GitHub stars: 2746)
- [micropython](https://github.com/micropython/micropython) - A lean and efficient Python programming language implementation. (GitHub stars: 21722)
- [pyodide](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide) - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly. (GitHub stars: 14603)
- [pypy](https://github.com/pypy/pypy) - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language. (GitHub stars: 1738)

### Built-in Classes Enhancement

_Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes._

- [attrs](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs) - Replacement for `__init__`, `__eq__`, `__repr__`, etc. boilerplate in class definitions. (GitHub stars: 5788)
- [bidict](https://github.com/jab/bidict) - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality. (GitHub stars: 1580)
- [box](https://github.com/cdgriffith/Box) - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access. (GitHub stars: 2820)

### Functional Programming

_Functional Programming with Python._

- [coconut](https://github.com/evhub/coconut) - A variant of Python built for simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming. (GitHub stars: 4331)
- [functools](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html) - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
- [funcy](https://github.com/Suor/funcy) - A fancy and practical functional tools. (GitHub stars: 3503)
- [more-itertools](https://github.com/erikrose/more-itertools) - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond `itertools`. (GitHub stars: 4066)
- [returns](https://github.com/dry-python/returns) - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities. (GitHub stars: 4292)
- [toolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/toolz) - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as [cytoolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/cytoolz/) for Cython-accelerated performance. (GitHub stars: 5143)

### Asynchronous Programming

_Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio)._

- [anyio](https://github.com/agronholm/anyio) - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio. (GitHub stars: 2470)
- [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
  - [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio) (GitHub stars: 5070)
- [concurrent.futures](https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html) - (Python standard library) A high-level interface for asynchronously executing callables.
- [gevent](https://github.com/gevent/gevent) - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses [greenlet](https://github.com/python-greenlet/greenlet). (GitHub stars: 6442)
- [multiprocessing](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html) - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.
- [trio](https://github.com/python-trio/trio) - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O. (GitHub stars: 7270)
- [twisted](https://github.com/twisted/twisted) - An event-driven networking engine. (GitHub stars: 5965)
- [uvloop](https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop) - Ultra fast asyncio event loop. (GitHub stars: 11788)

### Date and Time

_Libraries for working with dates and times._

- [dateparser](https://github.com/scrapinghub/dateparser) - A Python parser for human-readable dates in dozens of languages. (GitHub stars: 2807)
- [dateutil](https://github.com/dateutil/dateutil) - Extensions to the standard Python [datetime](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html) module. (GitHub stars: 2616)
- [pendulum](https://github.com/python-pendulum/pendulum) - Python datetimes made easy. (GitHub stars: 6671)
- [zoneinfo](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the [tz database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database) into Python.

**Python Toolchain**

### Environment Management

_Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management._

- [KillPy](https://github.com/Tlaloc-Es/killpy) - Analyze, detect, and clean unused Python environments and pipx packages. (GitHub stars: 112)
- [pyenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv) - Simple Python version management. (GitHub stars: 44799)
- [pyenv-win](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) - Pyenv for Windows. (GitHub stars: 7248)
- [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust. (GitHub stars: 85304)
- [virtualenv](https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv) - A tool to create isolated Python environments. (GitHub stars: 5035)

### Package Management

_Libraries for package and dependency management._

- [conda](https://github.com/conda/conda/) - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager. (GitHub stars: 7404)
- [pip](https://github.com/pypa/pip) - The package installer for Python. (GitHub stars: 10205)
- [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx) - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Like `npx` in Node.js. (GitHub stars: 12800)
- [poetry](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry) - Python dependency management and packaging made easy. (GitHub stars: 34281)
- [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust. (GitHub stars: 85304)

### Package Repositories

_Local PyPI repository server and proxies._

- [bandersnatch](https://github.com/pypa/bandersnatch/) - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA). (GitHub stars: 541)
- [devpi](https://github.com/devpi/devpi) - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool. (GitHub stars: 1179)
- [warehouse](https://github.com/pypa/warehouse) - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI). (GitHub stars: 4042)

### Distribution

_Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution._

- [cx-Freeze](https://github.com/marcelotduarte/cx_Freeze) - It is a Python tool that converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux. (GitHub stars: 1542)
- [Nuitka](https://github.com/Nuitka/Nuitka) - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform, supports all Python versions). (GitHub stars: 14847)
- [pyarmor](https://github.com/dashingsoft/pyarmor) - A tool used to obfuscate python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts. (GitHub stars: 5092)
- [pyinstaller](https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller) - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform). (GitHub stars: 12996)
- [shiv](https://github.com/linkedin/shiv) - A command line utility for building fully self-contained zipapps (PEP 441), but with all their dependencies included. (GitHub stars: 1932)

### Configuration Files

_Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options._

- [configparser](https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html) - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
- [dynaconf](https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf) - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django, Flask and FastAPI. (GitHub stars: 4299)
- [hydra](https://github.com/facebookresearch/hydra) - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. (GitHub stars: 10378)
- [python-decouple](https://github.com/HBNetwork/python-decouple) - Strict separation of settings from code. (GitHub stars: 3033)
- [python-dotenv](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv) - Reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and sets them as environment variables. (GitHub stars: 8772)

**Security**

### Cryptography

- [cryptography](https://github.com/pyca/cryptography) - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. (GitHub stars: 7601)
- [paramiko](https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko) - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library. (GitHub stars: 9764)
- [pynacl](https://github.com/pyca/pynacl) - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library. (GitHub stars: 1191)

### Penetration Testing

_Frameworks and tools for penetration testing._

- [mitmproxy](https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy) - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers. (GitHub stars: 43632)
- [setoolkit](https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit) - A toolkit for social engineering. (GitHub stars: 14874)
- [sherlock](https://github.com/sherlock-project/sherlock) - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks. (GitHub stars: 83567)
- [sqlmap](https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool. (GitHub stars: 37435)

### Web Security

_Libraries for application-layer web security._

- [secure](https://github.com/TypeError/secure) - HTTP security headers for Python web applications with ASGI and WSGI middleware. (GitHub stars: 1038)

**Other**

### Hardware

_Libraries for programming with hardware._

- [bleak](https://github.com/hbldh/bleak) - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio. (GitHub stars: 2410)
- [pynput](https://github.com/moses-palmer/pynput) - A library to control and monitor input devices. (GitHub stars: 2144)

### Microsoft Windows

_Python programming on Microsoft Windows._

- [pythonnet](https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet) - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). (GitHub stars: 5469)
- [pywin32](https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32) - Python Extensions for Windows. (GitHub stars: 5561)
- [winpython](https://github.com/winpython/winpython) - Portable development environment for Windows 10/11. (GitHub stars: 2261)

### Miscellaneous

_Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above._

- [blinker](https://github.com/jek/blinker) - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system. (GitHub stars: 2058)
- [boltons](https://github.com/mahmoud/boltons) - A set of pure-Python utilities. (GitHub stars: 6886)
- [itsdangerous](https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous) - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments. (GitHub stars: 3118)
- [tryton](https://github.com/tryton/tryton) - A general-purpose business framework. (GitHub stars: 187)